The kupenta "The wosiyana Ukwati" Pukirev: mbiriyakale ndi kufotokoza

Pakati pa XIX atumwi ku Russia zinali zodzaza ndi zikamera wa otchedwa mkwatibwi malowolo. Mabanja ndi ndalama pafupifupi nthawi mukuona kufunika, ndalama si nthawi zokwanira ngakhale kuti katundu wochepa. Ana kukula mu nthawi imeneyo, ukuwonjezeka mlingo, ndi bajeti chiyani sizili. mabanja chovuta moyo, kumene kunali ana angapo, chifukwa aliyense mtsikana ankafuna kuvala mwabwino, ndi zingati mtengo ndithu.

Against maziko a moyo wa chisokonezo adanyamuka mavuto a m'banja ndipo pamapeto, makolo anayamba kufunafuna njira imeneyi. Khumi wazaka mwana wamkazi wokongola, monga ulamuliro, ankakhala ndi mafani amene ali wokonzeka kusamalira ndi ngakhale kukwatirana. Iwo anali makamaka achinyamata dandies deta ndi bwino kunja, koma palibe njira zopezera ndalama. makolo ake anayesa kupeza ake mkwatibwi watanthauzo, ndi mkwatibwi yekha anadziwa kuti mwamuna wake ndi insolvent kuti muthe. Komabe, nthawi inatha mofulumira, atsikana ambiri a msinkhu wokwatiwa sanathe kupeza chimwemwe ndi anakhalabe wosakwatira. Grooms sikunali kokwanira, amene akanakhoza kupanga phwando mtsikana wakhalidwe labwino, zinali zovuta kwa iwo anachita ndi kusakasaka weniweni.

Ukwati wa mayiko

Sikuti nthaŵi zonse chinkhoswe wokongola ndi wotetezedwa mnyamata, nthawi zambiri anakhumudwa zinachitika masabata woyamba wa chibwenzi. Ndiyeno ife tinapita kutsogolo akwatibwi tingachipeze powerenga akulu, wokonzeka kutsogolera kanjira unsophisticated namwali. Old munthu wa makumi asanu ndi awiri, palibe Ngakhale zinali choncho, wawanyengerera, negotiated ndi makolo ndipo anapereka limanena lowoneka. Kumene, kukongola wamng'ono sakanakhoza kulandira patsogolo yotheratu nkhalamba, koma makolo ake pachangu kuyitanitsa ukwati kavalidwe. Pankhaniyi, mayi anauza mwana wake: "Kodi iwe kukwatira, nthawi ... Koma tiyenera moyo." Pambuyo kusagona misozi girlish, kuchonderera, koma makolo anali sankafuna kusintha. Nthawi zambiri mtsikana kudzipha, koma osati kukwatira zokhumudwitsa nkhalamba.

The kupenta "The wosiyana Ukwati": m'mbiri

Mu 1863 pa Moscow chionetsero maphunziro luso anapereka ntchito ya wojambula wamng'ono Vasiliya Pukireva, amene analenga furor. The kupenta "The wosiyana Ukwati" inapatulidwa ndi nkhani ya mabanja amakakamizidwa mu dziko Russian a nthawi. Komabe, m'lingaliro umoyo maganizo, vuto sichinayambe anawona, anadwala yekha mkwatibwi, mkwatibwi zokhumudwitsa kuvutitsidwa zomwe anakumana nazo. chidwi Financial, chilakolako amathera kovuta kwambiri makolo anakakamizika kuswa zofuna za mwana wake. Mlembi wa kupenta "The wosiyana Ukwati" akuletsa malonda a mtundu Russian. akazembe okalamba amene wakhala akufunafuna kwambiri okha chitetezo wamng'ono mkwatibwi anayamba mmodzimmodzi kusiya ukwati wake.

ukwati

pachithunzipa "The wosiyana Ukwati", kufotokoza zomwe mwayika ankadziwa otchulidwa mwatsatanetsatane, akuganizira ukwati zochitika mu mpingo Orthodox. Madzulo yopemphereramo guwa pang'ono anamwazikana kuwala kubwera kudzera pawindo. Cacikulu, chithunzi "The wosiyana Ukwati" amapereka kuganiza za chiyembekezo. Pakati pa mkwati okalamba, atavala suti mtengo, ndi kaimidwe oyenerera, mothandizidwa ndi corset zolimba. Mutu sadzachitanso akutembenukira, sandwiched mkulu kolala, maso wosasamala odzikuza kuyang'ana pozungulira ozungulira, chifuwa yowala Mendulo dongosolo la khosi. Mphotho bwino zosayenera kwa ukwati kutchalitchi. Munthu wakale amayesetsa kuyang'ana kutalika kwa mkwatibwi wake ndi udindo wa onse, koma ndi womvetsa chisoni, ngakhale ine ndiyesera ouma chapamwamba mlomo.

N'zovuta kumvetsa kuwerenga maganizo a amuna yafooka, chifukwa, nthawi zambiri, ndipo zinali kamodzi mwana ankafuna kukwatira bwino. Kumbuyo kwake moyo wautali, Mudali zambiri zabwino monga munthu aliyense. Kodi izi chisoni callousness kwa chilengedwe cha achinyamata?

mkwatibwi

Khalidwe lapadera kwambiri ndi chithunzi - mtsikana - lolembedwa ndi wojambula mosamala. Mkwatibwi - akadali ndithu mwana, ndi anawerama mutu, sadzachitanso atagwira misozi lero owawa kwambiri pa moyo wake. Ofatsa nkhope anapangidwa ndi lagolide mapini chisoni kandulo mu dzanja ana wopindidwa, ndi drips phula kavalidwe ukwati wake. Zokhumudwitsa mkwatibwi pafupi kwambiri poganiza moyo pamaso adzazunzidwa wake msungwana. dzanja lake lamanja lidakali kwa wansembe, amene ali pafupi kuvala chala woonda mphete ukwati. Mkwatibwi osayanjanitsika, iye analibe chidwi ndi tsoka lake. Atavala zovala ukwati, iye yekha nsembe zabwino za banja lake, amene tsopano angakhale mu chitukuko.

wansembe

Wansembe chithunzi limasonyeza hunched otayika, ngati iye ayenera kuti achite ntchito wosayamika. Iye amayang'ana askance, kaimidwe pano, chilengedwe wake mkanjo mkanjo yopeta, bristling. Mu dzanja lake lamanzere kuwuluridwa bukhu la mpingo, lamanja mphete ali clamped, limene wansembe wokonzeka kuika pa chala mkazi. Mwina, iye poyamba anali ndi mwana wamkazi, amene munthu anafuna kuthetsa moyo. Wansembe osokonezeka, koma ntchito yake, iye ali wokonzeka kukwaniritsa mapeto.

Schafer ndiponso ena amene

pachithunzipa, kuwonjezera pa mkwati ndi mkwatibwi, akuonetsedwa Anthu angapo. Kumbuyo kumbuyo kwa mkwatibwi ndi mwamuna bwino ndi buttonhole pa lapel wa malaya ake, iye anali humorless, ngakhale nkhawa. zochitika zobwera amene kudzifutukula pansi pa arches wa mpingo, mnyamata mtopola. Womutsatira paima mwamuna amene zikuoneka kwambiri akamaona zimene zikuchitika. anthu ena onse anasonyeza pa chithunzi, ndi mabwenzi apamtima a mkwati, lomwe ndi wapolisi, matchmaker ndi anthu wamba ambiri.

"Pakuti" ndi "kutsutsa"

A odziwika bwino luso wotsutsa, mbiri luso, Vladimir Vasilevich Stasov anaona tsamba Pukirev, anati: "Chotsalira, panali ntchito pa nkhani ya tsiku, anatengedwa kuchokera mu kuya kwa moyo wamakono."

Komabe, maganizo ake alibe mwa onse. wojambula opezeka kwambiri adani amene anayamba adzanyazitsa iye phunziro akapanda zozama za nkhaniyi. Makina akweza ndi funde la kutsutsana za chilengedwe Pukirev makani. Pomaliza iye anavomereza kuti analenga kupenta, silingayende bwino. Kuwulula chiwembu masamba palibe aliyense osayanjanitsika. Katswiri kupenta, chitsanzo gulu, amanoledwa maganizo makhalidwe a khalidwe lililonse - zonsezi akweza mtengo luso la pachithunzipa ndi kutalika kuposa kale lonse. Mu Russia, watsopano wodziwa wojambula - Vasily Pukirev ( "wosiyana Ukwati"). Kufotokozera za chithunzi, kuwunika, maganizo otsutsa ndi kulola ife kuganiza maonekedwe yake ya mwaluso a. anthu Russian anali wokonzeka ndikutsutsa Mabanja a chiwerewere awo.

Wosiyana Ukwati! Chisoni ndi kuvutika, imfa ya zosalimba buthulo moyo. Ndi angati wowerengeka nyimbo anapeka zimene zinachitikira malowolo, Share zowawa za akazi wamba Russian. Mitu tsoka zili m'mabuku ena a luso ndi mabuku, monga kusewera A. N. Ostrovskogo "Osauka Mkwatibwi" chithunzi F. Zhuravlev "Before korona", V. Makovsky chinsalu "kwa korona." "Wosiyana Ukwati", kujambula Pukirev, kutsogozedwa mndandanda. Choncho, motif wa ukwati wa mayiko adalowa luso zithunzi ndi kuchita.

Kuzindikila

The kupenta "The wosiyana Ukwati" anamuzindikira monga mwaluso wa zithunzi, iye Vasiliya Pukireva kupereka mutu wa pulofesa wa kupenta. Academy pulofesa zimapangitsa munthu amene analemba chithunzi chachikulu, koma kodi? Chithunzi kumene kulibe moto, popanda ndeu, popanda mbiri zakale ngakhale zamakono ... yense watsopano, amakono mutu wa mphamvu ya ndalama ndi udindo wolemba, bwino zowonetseredwa ndi chithunzi cha mnyamata amene waima kumbuyo Mkwatibwi. Koma zambiri za izo patsogolo. Zitatha izi zinadziwika Pukirev m'dzikolo. chithunzicho anali kuchita zinthu kuphunzitsa bwino analenga gulu la amuna luso wamng'ono anayesetsa kukhala talente awo Mwachibadwa kudutsa pa chidziwitso chake ndi zinachitikira.

Ambiri ankaopa wojambula zotsatirazi pachithunzipa, mu Moscow mphekesera. Ena amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha chiwembu kuika tsoka la moyo wa zojambulajambula - mkwatibwi wake, iwo amati, iye wapatsidwa munthu wolemera akale. Maziko kopanda ichi silinali, koma Baibulo ili la mudakonda. Ndipo ngati mbiri kufa zovuta, kupangidwa ndi munthu nkhani ya chikondi unrequited wa mmisiri kwa nthawi yaitali wotanganidwa maganizo a Muscovites.

Kodi nkhani

kwenikweni penti "The wosiyana Ukwati" kodi alibe chiyambi chikondi. chakuti Vasiliya Pukireva anali bwenzi lapamtima, wa zojambula Peter Shmelkov Painting mphunzitsi. Iye ankakhala mu umphawi, choncho nthawi zonse kufufuza ntchito ndi mitu zithunzi wake. Nthawi zina anacititsa maphunziro apaderawo ena nyumba wolemera. Onsewo anthu mkulu, Shmelkov mobwerezabwereza anaonera kukwatirana wa anthu okalamba ndi akazi aang'ono. Iye anachititsa angapo zojambula pa phunziro, kuyembekezera m'tsogolo kuwagwiritsa ntchito polemba chithunzi.

lamulo mpingo

Mu 1861, mu February, Sinodi Woyera anapereka lamulo kutsutsa kusiyana kwakukulu mu m'badwo pa ukwati, chifukwa nthawi imeneyo ukwati uliwonse chachiwiri anapangidwa pamaziko a chidwi zakuthupi. Mwina ndiye Shmelkov ndipo anandiuza kuti mnzake kwa chithunzi lathu. Pukirev anachita chidwi mu lingaliro ndi anayamba ntchito. Amayamikira, iye anajambula Shmelkova pafupi ndi munthu wopambana. Ndipo mu udindo wa munthu wopambana anasonyeza yekha.

Kuwonjezera pa Vasiliya Pukireva ndi mnzake Shmelkova, pa cithunzithunzi pali khalidwe lina odziwika. Iwo Grebenskaya, mbuye ramochnik. Pamene iye anawona cithunzithunzi, ndinayambapo kuti tikathe chimango, "amene sichinafikebe." Anamuuza moona mogometsa, chokongoletsedwa ndi kudzikondweretsa chabwino ulusi. Motero, "The wosiyana Ukwati" (chithunzi Pukirev) analandira malo oyenera. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Tretyakov Gallery analamula mafelemu zithunzi deta chabe Grebenskaya.

The ntchito za mmisiri

Panthawiyo, Vasily Pukirev bwinobwino ntchito kwa ulemerero mkati mwa mpingo wa Utatu Woyera, mu dothi. Iwo naini zithunzi wodziwika bwino zinalengedwa. Kuwonjezera luso sacral, chithunzicho chinkhoswe mu portraiture, analenga mndandanda wa zithunzi za anthu otchuka. Komanso, sate Pukirev anaphunzitsa pa sukulu Moscow wa Painting ndi zosemasema.

Kugwa ndi imfa ya Mlengi

Banja luso wojambula ndipo alibe, koma malinga ndi malipoti ena anapereka Praskovya Matveyevna, mkazi moyo wokongola, amene anafunsa iye mu udindo wa Mkwatibwi pa ntchito yomanga kupenta "The wosiyana Ukwati". Chikhazikitso cha chikondi osayankhidwa, ndi chithunzicho moyo wake wonse mu payekha. Izi zinathandiza kwambiri: bizinesi pang'onopang'ono sanali kumusamalira, zojambula latsopano Kuuza osati ntchito. Pukirev anayamba kumwa sukulu anayenera kusiya. Komanso - kwambiri, chithunzicho anataya nyumba, anagulitsa zinthu zawo zonse ndi kuyamba moyo pa mapepala okhala ndi chikondi. Axamwali kuposa iwo anathandizidwa, koma sanathe nthaŵi yaitali. Ndipo June 1, 1890 Vasily Pukirev anafa ali okha pa zaka 58. Iye anaikidwa pa manda Vagankovsky wojambula mu Moscow.

"Wosiyana Ukwati" zithunzi ndi Pukirev, tsopano mu Tretyakov Gallery, ili pa adiresi: Moscow, Lavroushinsky Lane, 10. Zinthu ndi lotseguka tsiku lililonse maola 10 kuti 18.

"Wosiyana Ukwati" zithunzi, mtengo

Pa Intaneti mungapeze kubalana wa zojambula aliyense luso. Koma n'zosiyana ndi makope woyambitsa wa katswiri, anachita pa mkulu mlingo akatswiri ntchito ngati mayunitsi. Pa malo apadera imapezeka onse kubalana ndi buku luso. Alendo amakonda kufunsa funso, amene utoto "The wosiyana Ukwati"? Kumene, aliyense akufuna kudziwa zambiri za chinsalu lodziwika bwino.

The sitolo Intaneti amapereka buku lenileni mwaluso lapansi. The kupenta "The wosiyana Ukwati", chithunzi oyikidwa pafupifupi makonde onse, Websites ndi maonekedwe zokhudzana kupenta, anagulitsidwa 28 000-42 000.

zithunzi zofanana

Kuwonjezera Vasiliya Pukireva mwaluso, pali angapo zojambula pa mutu wa mabanja wosiyana. Wojambula Firs Zhuravlev analemba 1874 zithunzi, amene anapitilira mutu wa sakuyendetsa makhalidwe abwino anthu Russian. Chipinda pansi kulira mkwatibwi, kale atavala zovala ukwati, ataima pafupi ndi bambo kusakhululuka. Tsogolo la mtsikana linatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa, patapita mphindi pang'ono izo udzachotsedwa kwa mpingo ndipo kukwatiwa ndi olemera yonyansa nkhalamba. Chithunzi amatchedwa "Pamaso pa ukwati," iye ali Tretyakov Gallery.

Mu 1894 ku St. Petersburg wojambula Vladimir Makovsky utoto "korona" ikusonyeza mutu wa kudzitsitsa khalidwe la anthu ku Russia pakati pa zana la 19. Pa chinsalu amaonetsera Russian kwachiyero kukongola, n'chisoni, mosatsata chiyembekezo cha moyo wachimwemwe. kupenta ndi mu Samara Art Museum.