Andrey Ivanovich Shtakenshneyder - wazomangamanga: yonena, amagwira ntchito ku St. Petersburg ndi Peterhof

Stackenschneider - wamanga, dzina bwino kwa anthu ambiri mu Russia ndi mayiko ena. Zikomo kuti munthu uyu ndi luso anakonzedwa zachifumu zambiri, nyumba, ndi zipilala ena chikhalidwe cha St. Petersburg ndi Peterhof. Izi anali munthu wapadera ife kufotokoza m'buku lino.

ubwana wamanga Early

Anabadwa Shtakenshneyder Andrey Ivanovich 22 February 1802 pa dera la amphamvu Russian Ufumu. Agogo wa wamanga m'tsogolo mbadwa ya umodzi wa mizinda ikuluikulu kwambiri kumpoto kwa Germany - Braunschweig. Iye anali wotchuka mbuye, kupereka zosiyanasiyana zinthu pa khungu chenicheni nyama. Ndipo pamene mbiri ya luso lake anafika Russian Mfumu Paulo, anaitanidwa kuti likulu. Kenako agogo anga zokhala ku Russia. Anakwatira ndipo anabadwa bambo, Andrei Ivanovich.

Andrew yekha anabadwa mu mpanda wa munda banja, kumene adakhalapo onse banja Shtakenshnejdera. Pafupifupi onse ubwana wake wamanga yochepa pamphero, komwe bambo ake ntchito. Pamene ambuye tsogolo la zaka 13, anatumizidwa kuphunzira pa Imperial Academy of Tirhana. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti luso lapadera iye sanasonyeze, pambuyo maphunziro, iye anayizindikira ntchito komiti ndi nyumba hayidiroliki. Kumeneko wamanga wathu Stackenschneider Iye anagwira ntchito kwa kanthawi, atagwira udindo wa draftsman wamba.

A zosiyanasiyana zochitika akatswiri

Patatha zaka zinayi ntchito draftsman ngwazi athu anapatsidwa mwayi opindulitsa chifukwa umene muli ndi ntchito yatsopano. nthawi iyi iye ankayembekezera malo a wamanga-zojambulajambula.

Choncho anatsika pa ntchito yomanga Cathedral St. Isaac, anawatsogolera ndi ntchito yapadera pa ntchito yomanga. Apa anadziwika monga wamanga luso. Stackenschneider patapita mawanga ndi womanga wina wotchuka wamanga Anri Lui Auguste Richard. Zinali iye amene anaitanidwa ngwazi wathu usinthe Zima Palace.

Achire ntchito ndipo kumapeto payekha

Panthawi ina, wazomangamanga Stackenschneider anaganiza kuti ndi nthawi kuchita mchitidwe payekha. Kumayambiriro 1831 iye anasiya ntchito ku Commission ndi chimwene zikugwira ntchito yomanga payekha. Mmodzi wa palokha loyamba la ntchito yake mamangidwe a nyumba ducal. The malo a AH Benkendorf.

Kamodzi ngwazi wathu athana ndi ntchito pamaso pake, Earl tauzidwa za iwo kwa mfumu. Chifukwa, luso wamanga anaitanidwa mmodzi wa nyumba olemera St. Petersburg. Stackenschneider pasanapite nthawi anapeza malo Nicholas I.

Makamaka, anayamba kulandira malangizo munthu ku mfumu. Ndipo patapita kanthawi kunakhala pafupifupi wamanga okha amene amakhulupirira kumanga si malo yaikulu, koma kalonga, lachifumu zachifumu. Ndipo chotero izo zinali mpaka imfa ya katswiri wa zomangamanga. Iye anagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali ndi cholinga chuma mfumu ndi anthu mwayi, analandira udindo aulemu wa wamanga munthu wa nyumba Ufumu Wake.

mphoto Choyamba ndi kuphunzira kunja

Ngati inu mukukhulupirira mfundo yonena za, Stackenschneider woyamba wabweza kuzindikira mu 1834. Pa nthawi imeneyo, iye anagwira ntchito "nyumba yaing'ono ya mfumu" limene analandira udindo zingamuthandize wa academician.

Komabe, ngakhale, ngwazi wathu anamva iye osowa zinachitikira. Pa nthawi yomweyo anatha kupeza thandizo la mfumu, ndi ku chikhalidwe thandizoli kuti apite kunja kuphunzira. Kotero, iye anapita England, France ndi Italy. Ndipo anabwerera kuchokera oimira St. Petersburg Academy of Tirhana analandira udindo aulemu a pulofesa wa pamlingo wachiwiri.

Ntchito pa Mariinsky Palace

Pa moyo wake Andrey cholinga ndipo anamanga nyumba ya kusinthasintha kwambiri. Iye anali kupita Moscow, Crimea, St. Petersburg, Novgorod, Taganrog, Peterhof ndipo ngakhale Tsarskoye Selo. M'malo onsewa izo ndithu bwinobwino ntchito ndi ntchito. Otsutsa kwambiri kutamandidwa ntchito yake ndipo ankatsutsana za zinthu ndi okhwima pa yomweyo kalembedwe demokalase. Imodzi mwa nyumba kwambiri zazikulu kuti wamanga anatha nthawi kumanga, ndi Mariinsky Palace.

Nyumba iyi ili Square okongola St. Isake, ngwazi wathu linakonzedwa mu 1839. Yomanga nyumba ya inatha mu 1844. Pa nyumba ndi nyumba za mafumu anamanga Stackenschneider pambali nyumba imeneyi, yomwe panopa malo okhala wa St. Petersburg Zokonza Assembly, ife kufotokoza pansipa.

chapadera ntchito zina wolemba kwambiri

Zikomo m'maganizo ake kufunsira ndi m'maganizo kwambiri, ngwazi wathu analenga Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace ku St. Petersburg. Kumbukirani, ichi ndi nyumba wapadera mu kalembedwe Wachiwiri-Baroque, inamangidwa pakati pa 1846 ndi 1848.

Mwa mabuku ambiri za mmisiri wotchuka Tingaone osati zachifumu, komanso chipatala cha ana, tchalitchi, yogona yotentha ndi zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kumayambiriro kwa 1835 izo amatsatira kenako anamanga wapadera Villa kudziwika filimu wosewera Zhenesa. Patatha chaka chimodzi, ngwazi wathu ntchito pa ntchito yomanga malo wakunja kwatawuni kwa Alyona Zvantsova. Ndipo mu 1834, iye anamanganso dziko nyumba MI Mordvinova.

nyumba yodziwika Peterhof

Peterhof m'dera ndipo mumzindawo anakhala malo aakulu kwa kudzoza kwa mbuye wathu. Uyu kugwira ntchito pa dongosolo la zazikulu landscaped m'mapaki: dambo ndi Kolonistskogo.

Kenako anaganiza za zinthu zina paki Kolonistskogo payokha. Choncho, wolemba athu mwini zina zachidule wa pavilions awiri: Holguin ndi Caricino. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti hema Holguin analengedwa ndi la Mfumu Nicholas Ine ndi ulemu wa mwana wake. Dzinache akhali Olga. Kumangidwa kwambiri za munsanja ngati Neapolitan, pang'ono chotuluka ku zitsulo zake pansi pa madzi.

Caricino hema chomwecho inamangidwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi pempho la mkazi wa Mfumu Alexandra Feodorovna. Zizindikiro ake akunja anali ngati akale nyumba Roma, osati kumanga chakale a Nicholas I.

pavilions Wamkulu m'mapaki zosiyanasiyana

Andrey Alangizi ndi pavilions ena awiri mu wowoneka Lugovoy Park. Mmodzi wa iwo - Pinki Pavilion, kapena "Ozerki". Malinga ndi otsutsa, iye anali zikuchokera chapakati cha zombo lonse. yomanga ake inayamba mu 1845-m, ndipo zinatha - mu 1848. The chachiwiri - ndi Belvedere, anali ziwiri storey nyumba zomangidwa ndi midadada mwachilungamo yaikulu lubwe.

Kumayambiriro a 1727, ngwazi athu anayamba kumanga nyumba yachifumu ndi paki gulu loyimba pa dacha wake Mfumu Peter II. Ndiye Woyera Utatu Church inamangidwa motsogoleredwa ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga, nyumba yachifumu, orangery ndi nyumba nyakulima m'chinyumba ndi paki gulu loyimba wa XIX atumwi. Kenako nyumba ya mu Znamenka, Farm Palace ndi Mkango kugwa. malo lodabwitsali ife kufotokoza pansipa.

Wapadera gawo mu nyumba yachifumu ndi paki gulu loyimba wa Peterhof

Pa kamangidwe ka m'munsi Park wotchuka wamanga ntchito mfundo kulenga cascading akasupe. Iye akhapidziwa kuti, mwa njira iyi, nyumba ndi ikumangidwa mkati paki, adzakhululukidwa lowonjezera ndi malo okongola zinyama. Pankhaniyi, poyamba ankagwira ntchito pa polojekiti odziwika Italy wamanga Nikolo Miketti. Koma lingaliro lake kutseka kugwa mphete mu Hermitage Alley ndi sichinayambe muyika mumachitidwe.

Pakati pa zaka za 1854-1857 siteji ntchito wakhala kwathunthu redesigned. Izi nthawi maziko ake anatenga polojekiti AI Shtakenshnejdera. Malinga ndi kafukufuku kuyambirira, amaganiza yokulirapo kuwonjezeka koyamba dziwe kukula ndi kuwonjezera mizati 14, kutalika kwa aliyense amene anali 8 m.

Pakati pa zipilala 12 komanso anaika achilendo nsangalabwi mbale. Ku zinthu akale kukongoletsa wolemba anaganiza zochoka mascarones (azithunzithunzi zithunzi za nyama lanthano) ndi zithunzi zazikulu za mikango, ndiponso kuchokera mkamwa umene kunyalanyaza madzi ndege. Mu pakati pa ndime fano gulu sported lopotana "Nymph Aganipa". Aliyense amene anaona nthawi imeneyi, ananena kuti chinachake amazipanga kukongola, wokhwimitsa nthawi yomweyo wosangalatsa.

mawu ochepa A za moyo wa katswiri wa zomangamanga

Emergency wamanga ntchito sizinamulepheretse ndi kukhazikitsa moyo wake. Kukhala pa nsonga ya ntchito yake meteoric, woyambitsa wa ntchito zambiri anakumana ndi mkazi, chomwe Anagwa mchikondi. Zinali Maria Fedorovna Halchinskaya.

Patapita nthawi, pambuyo moyo pamodzi banjalo ana 8. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti onse a iwo, kupatula junior Zenaida, amene anamwalira ndili mwana, anakhala umunthu odziwika. Mwachitsanzo, mmisiri Elena mwana pa nthawi ya unyamata wake chipwirikiti anayamba kulemba Maulendo Ake. Kenako, iye anatsegula okonzera mabuku. Mwana wa wamanga Nikolai nthawi yaitali ankakhala Petersburg. Iye ankakonda kudzatunga, ankakonda luso kamangidwe, ndipo ngakhale nyumba mu Kharkiv.

mwana wina wa Andrei Ivanovich Alexander maphunziro maphunziro zisudzo ndipo anakhala mmodzi wa ojambula zithunzi ankakonda ya mfumu Theatre. Komabe, ngati munthu wodziwa ngati Stackenschneider, panali ana ena amene sanali adzipereke moyo wake kwa luso.

Mwachitsanzo, uyu anali mwana wake Adrian. Titamaliza anapita ku ofesi ya Senate. Patapita nthawi, anasamukira ku Kiev, wakhala kwa zaka zingapo Odessa, kumene iye anatsogolera Court of Justice. Mwana Vladimir komanso Inabuka malamulo. Mwana wamkazi Maria ndi Olga bwinobwino m'banja mbaenda kakhala kudziko lina.

Memory adzakhala ndi moyo kosatha

Andrei Ivanovich anamwalira kalekale. Iye anafa pa chiyambi cha August 1865. Pa nthawi ya imfa yake ali ndi zaka 63. Kukumbukira iye amakhala mu mitima ndi malingaliro a nzika anzathu. Ndipo analenga otchuka adzapitiriza ndikondwera alendo ndi anthu am'deralo.