Subjectivist sukulu Chaanthu: Lavrov njira

Kumbali ya njira zotengera malingaliridwe mu Chaanthu wa munthu ndi woona yekha muyeso wa chitukuko mbiri, patsogolo anthu, ndipo ulalo wa ndondomeko lonse chikhalidwe. maganizo ankaphedwa kaye patsogolo ndi P. L. Lavrovym, amene anayambitsa chiphunzitso cha anthu wonse, malangizo a chitukuko ndi malamulo a chamoyo. Lavrov njira ndi onse a zinthuzo pa kaonedwe ka munthu. phunziro - ndizo zofunika koposa kumvetsa dziko. inawo ankayimiridwa ngati chifukwa cha njira anthu kudziŵa zinthu, limene likutengera phunziro yokha.

chikhazikitso

Zotengera malingaliridwe njira anayamba kupanga makamaka Lavrovym P. L. ndi Mihaylovskim N. K. chiphunzitso Izi zikuphatikizapo zigawo zikuluzikulu zingapo:

• zotengera malingaliridwe njira mu Chaanthu, kulungamitsidwa ake, tanthauzo lake pa maziko a nkhani sayansi;
• kudzizindikiritsa determinants za chitukuko cha anthu;
• ngati mumayang'ana pa zifukwa ndi muyezo wa patsogolo chikhalidwe;
• umunthu, udindo wake mu mbiri.

Kulungamitsidwa zotengera malingaliridwe njira

njira cholinga cha chidziwitso chibadidwe sayansi zachilengedwe, pamene Chaanthu ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotengera malingaliridwe. Mmene izi, Lavrov njira Mzimuyo patsogolo munthu, osati gulu. Kuti amachita m'dziko kufooketsedwa ndi determinants m'maganizo, osati zinthu zina. Choncho, adzadziwire sangathe kukhala odziwika bwino ndi wina aliyense osati phunziro pogwiritsa ntchito chifundo mfundo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti akuona akhoza kuika nokha mu malo ya ananena, kuti akhale naye momasuka, chotero kumvetsa ndi kuphunzira.

Kukula kwa anthu ndi muyezo wa patsogolo chikhalidwe

Zotengera malingaliridwe njira mu Chaanthu Lavrov ndi Mikhailovsky amaika munthu pa likulu la anthu. Choncho, atsopano m'kati monga akufotokozera umunthu mu ndege makhalidwe, maganizo ndi thupi. Zolinga anthu chingapezeke kudzera munthu, amene Mulimonsemo sayenera chosakanikirana ndi anthu. Choncho, njira mu Chaanthu Lavrov amaika Amaonetsa kuphunzira ubale pakati pa anthu, kufunafuna zimayambitsa mgwirizano monga okha njira ya Kuphunzira mbiri ya anthu.

Umunthu monga mphamvu ya galimoto mbiri

Kodi munthu amakhala ndi injini patsogolo chikhalidwe ndi muweruzi wa mbiri ya anthu? Tili ganizo - yankho izi zimapereka njira zotengera malingaliridwe Lavrov. Umunthu, amatha kuganiza yovuta, ndi injini ya chitukuko. Iwo ndi ochepa anthu, koma anthu ena ndi kupereka zinthu kwa moyo wawo. Otsutsa kuganiza ochepa amasonyeza malangizo abwino a anthu. Anthu amenewa ayenera kukhala chete ndi kuponderezedwa, mwinamwake anthu chabe kuwonongeka. Choncho, zolinga zikuluzikulu za chitukuko chikhalidwe ayenera kukhala kudziletsa anazindikira munthu, kupanga payekha ndi maganizo yovuta. N'chifukwa chake patsogolo anthu amakhala ndi chilengedwe cha ubale pakati pa anthu amene amathandiza kuti chitukuko cha umunthu mu mawonekedwe ake onse.