Sakanikira zochita - zomveka chabe!

Ophunzira ambiri akudandaula kuti iwo sindikumvetsa umagwirira ndi mfundo imodzi mwa nkhani zovuta kwambiri sukulu. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "sakanikira anachita" akusonyeza ambiri ophunzira mantha. Munjira ina, iwo mosakayikira bwino. Koma ndi umagwirira ndipo ayenera kukhala abwenzi. Uli paliponse miyoyo yathu kulikonse. Kwambiri malangizo abwino kwa ophunzira amene atsimikiza mtima kupanga abwenzi ndi sayansi yovuta - mphunzitsi kuphunzitsa zinthu linaperekedwa kwa phunziro lililonse. Pokonzekera makalasi osati pa mfundo yakuti: "Lero sanapemphe - ndiye inu sangaphunzitse!" Koma pa mfundo yakuti: "Ndikufuna kudziwa ndi kuzindikira zinthu zonse, ngakhale kotero adzaphunzira zimene sindinasungitse kufunsa!". Only ndi njira zoterozo umagwirira ntchito adzakhala inu bukhu lotseguka. Ndipo inu mumvetsa ndi munazindikira mu mbali zonse za moyo wathu.

M'nkhaniyi tiona yekha pa chinthu ichi mankhwala monga anachita sakanikira. Kodi kumvetsa mawu? Ngati mawu anachita ndi zambiri kapena sichidziwika bwino (limatanthauza mogwirizana kwa zinthu), apa ndi mawu akuti "sakanikira" - mu mavuto ambiri kusukulu. Apa tiyenera kukumbukira kusinthika kwa Greek mawu "geteros" - zosiyana, osiyanasiyana.

Sakanikira anachita: zitsanzo moyo

zochita sakanikira kutenga malo pakati pa mosiyana mu chibadwa, koma boma thupi la thunthu. Wina wa kusukulu ya pulaimale sukulu aliyense akudziwa kuti chinthu chilichonse angakhale m'madera atatu a loitanirana (kapena 3 mbali) monga olimba, madzi kapena boma gaseous. Choncho, amaona anachita sakanikira ngati zinthu pakulowamo, ndi mu maiko osiyanasiyana loitanirana, monga:

• gasi + madzi
• gasi + olimba
• madzi + olimba.

Ngati zinthu zomwe chiyani wina ndi mzake ndi boma lomwelo la loitanirana, maganizo amatchedwa homogeneous. mawu angamasuliridwenso kuchokera Greek, "gomos" - chimodzimodzi, chimodzimodzi.

zochita homogeneous ndi sakanikira ambiri kotani m'miyoyo yathu. Mwachitsanzo, anachita nkhuni kuyaka. Nkhuni - ndi mokulira, chinthu mankhwala chiyambi organic - mapadi. Mosakayikira, nkhuni - mankhwala kuti ndi boma olimba. Iwo kuwotcha chifukwa zochita za oxygen. Mpweya - ndi mpweya. Chifukwa, kuyaka anachita nkhuni anapanga malasha, mpweya woipa ndi madzi. Kuyaka matabwa oyaka moto mowa - zimachitika sakanikira. Zitsanzo zikhoza anabweretsa osawerengeka.

1) Rusting chitsulo. Choyamba, mankhwala anachita, chifukwa zotsatira za mankhwala atsopano aumbike mwa chitsulo - dzimbiri chitsulo hydroxide (III). Kachiwiri, ndi ndondomeko sakanikira, popeza chitsulo - ndi olimba ndi madzi ndi mpweya mpweya, umene umachitika mchikakamizo rusting - ndi madzi ndi mpweya motero. Zimenezi akhoza kulembedwa mwa zotsatirazi aone kuti pali anachita :

Fe (TV.) + H2O (g.) + O2 (g) = Fe (o) 3 (Sol.)

2) Kuthetsa a viniga koloko. Moms ambiri ntchito mankhwala anachita ntchito yokonza mtanda zobiriwira. Pamene akutengedwa koloko olimba NaHCO3 mu mawonekedwe ufa ndi njira 3% asidi acetic CH3COOH Choncho, alinso ndondomeko sakanikira, kuyambira zimavuta zinthu ziwiri limati osiyanasiyana loitanirana. Zimenezi anafotokozedwa ndi aone kuti pali kuti:

NaHCO3 + CH3COOH = CH3COONa + H2O + CO2

Onani kuti apa ndi mankhwala zimene zili mu maiko osiyanasiyana loitanirana - sodium wochuluka nthochi ndi madzi CH3COONa + H2O - ndi madzi ndi CO2 - ndi mpweya.

3) Blackening zipilala mkuwa kapena siliva pansi yozungulira zinthu - ndi zochita sakanikira.

Ine ndikuyembekeza kuti tsopano mawu sayambitsa inu vuto lirilonse. Ndipo ngati muli ndi mafunso, musakhale aulesi kutsegula buku zasayansi kwa kalasi 8 ndi kubwereza zinthu yokutidwa kachiwiri. Izo sizidzagwira konse umapweteka, si kanthu kuti mwambi Russian limati: "Kubwereza - kulankhula bwino"