Roma zomangamanga: ulemerero okhwima

Ancient Rome ndi kukwapula osati kwa mbiri asilikali. Pakuti mbiri kuposa zaka chikwi cha ana a Aroma anapereka chimango kwambiri malamulo, maziko a sewero lanthabwala ndi Zotengera, losafuna luso. Koma koposa zonse amasirira lero ndi cholowa chikhalidwe zomangamanga kuti anasiya zomangamanga a ku Roma. Mu chitukuko cha zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga Ancient Roma ndi kugawidwa m'mbali zitatu zikuluzikulu: Republican, Imperial ndi nthawi ya Principate akuwapondereza.

Ancient Rome: Republic nthawi zomangamanga (m'ma VI - m'ma I m'ma BC.)

Ngati mukufuna liwu limodzi pofotokoza nthawi imeneyi, iwo adzakhala "konkire." Izo zinali ndiye anapanga zikuchokera wapadera kupanga pumice, phulusa la chiphala chamoto, laimu ndi mwala wa kuthengo. Konkire wakhala yojambula mu kuthekera kwa kumanga mitundu wapadera wa nyumba - mkulu-nyamuka, amene mu nthawi ya mbiri anali yodziwika pongofuna Republic Roma. Pamodzi ndi konkire ntchito tuff, njerwa ndi za nsangalabwi.

Ancient zomangamanga Roman ya nthawi yodziwika ndi mitundu iwiri ya nyumba - peripter (amakona anayi) ndi rotunda (wozungulira woboola pakati nyumba). Mapulani ndiponso kumanga nyumba zosungidwazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito malamulo anayi - Doric, amaayoni, Korinto ndi Tuscan. Ndi thandizo lawo, manda chakale adamangidwa - Basil Kaisara, Kachisi wa Vesta watsopano Forum kachisi wa Venus. Ndiye pali mwambo wa zokongoletsa malo onse ndi zifaniziro yaikulu, mu ntchito imene unakopedwa Greece.

Roma Kamangidwe ka nthawi Republican wafunsira yomanga ndiponso ntchito misewu yaikulu, milatho wolimba, kumene, ngalande (mipope madzi). Komanso, kuyambitsa konkire kuloledwa monga zomangamanga gulu loyimba zitsime zosambiramo, kuphatikizaponso anawasema ndi domes, komanso lililonse kuti zinachitika kokha Roma nyumba mkulu-nyamuka.

Imperial nyengo - ndi heyday wa chakale kamangidwe lingaliro (I m'ma BC -. II za m'ma AD.)

Rigor ndi monumentality pamodzi mwanaalirenji - kuti amakhala ndi zomangamanga wa ku Roma kuti nthawi. Yambani, ndipo kwenikweni onse a Ufumu wa Roma, kuika kwambiri Oktavian Avgust. Zinali motsogozedwa wake ku zomangamanga mchitidwe wachiwiri malo kunja njerwa. Pangani Forum latsopano, ngale amene akukhala kachisi wa Mars wobwezera, kachisi wa Apollo, muholo ya Marcellus. Latsopano mapulani azimuth anali kutsatira frescoes pa makoma a nyumba ndi ntchito kwambiri wa miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi golide chokongoletsera mkati.

Komabe udindo waukulu mu nthawi ino ya chitukuko cha zomangamanga a Mafumu Flavian ndi Mfumu Trajan. ulamuliro lawo anamanga Pantheon ( "Kachisi wa milungu") ndi Colosseum - chizindikiro chenicheni cha Italy ano. Pamene iwonso ntchito mbali pomanga arches kupambana - mwambo akugwiritsabe ntchito lero.

Yodziwika ndi Aroma kwambiri ukhondo kulenga nyumba wapadera - mawu. Mapulani apanga iwo kuti thermoregulation Roma osambira zinachitikadi pansi ndi makoma, ndi akuchita mfundo ya "pansi ofunda".

Ancient Rome: nyengo zomangamanga principate dominative ndi (III ndi - kugwa Ufumu.).

Nthawiyi amakhala ndi kusintha mwadzidzidzi kuchokera ku chikunja kwa Chikhristu. Mfumu Constantine mu 313 akulengeza kusintha boma chipembedzo chatsopano cha Mulungu mmodzi, amene anasonyeza osati mu moyo yamakolo. Roma mamangidwe a nthawi imeneyo yodziwika ndi kumanga chachikulu cha Basil - mipingo woyamba boma Mkhristu. Iwo kuyamwa mwambo luso Roma kumanga nyumba zachipembedzo, pamodzi ndi zinthu kalelo.

Kuganizira ndi matenda akunjawo, ndi mafumu a Aroma anakakamizika kumanga pacimake kumbuyo makoma, chitsanzo chidwi umene unali Walls Aurelian. Mwatsoka, iwo sanapulumutsidwe ku kugwa kwa ufumu waukulu, koma luso ntchito pomanga awo, ndi Zapakati.

Roma zomangamanga ndipo komabe ooneka osati anthu wamba komanso cholinga akatswiri. Ndi nyumba ya ufumu amenewo akukantha mu kufupika ndi chokwanira awo mizere. Chinatenga zaka zikwi ziwiri zapitazo, mfundo ya pomanga nyumba yaikulu ndi wothandiza woyenera mwangwiro mu masiku ano zomangamanga sayansi. Otsala zipilala mapulani kuuza mzimu makono a ufumu woona.