Pulezidenti Venezuela Hugo Chavez: MBIRI ndi ntchito za ndale. Full mndandanda wa atsogoleri a Venezuela

Sizingakhale zomveka kuganiza kuti m'mbuyomu m'ma 20 anali osauka a kubadwa kwa anthu amene anachita mbali yaikulu mu mbiri ya dziko. Koma pa kutchulidwa kwa m'maganizo ngati wa munthu wamba mu msewu zambiri amakoka zankhondo ndiponso zandale kanjedza, masikolala ndi amisiri wa Europe kapena United States.

Pa nthawiyi n'kuti Latin America pa nthawi yomweyo zilakolako yoopsa madzi ambiri, zotsatira amene anakonzeratu chitukuko cha pakati pa dera lonse kwa zaka zambiri. Mmodzi wa anthu amene anakhala wotchuka ndendende m'munda zokhumba za ndale ndi zina zikayenda bwino, anakhala pulezidenti Venesuely Ugo Rafael Chavez Frias (Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías).

Magawo koyamba yonena za

Anabadwa, iye anaonekera July 28, 1954. kumene anabadwira, mudzi Sabaneta, yomwe ili m'chigawo cha Barinas, palibe wapadera anaima. Iye anabadwa wamba mphunzitsi tsogolo pulezidenti m'banja. Kuwonjezera pa ongobadwa Hugo, makolo ake anali ndi ana angapo. Komabe, banja sanali munthu wamba, ndi mizu ulemerero chosintha.

Kotero, m'modzi wa Chavez mbali Mayi ake anali ndi ophunzira yogwira mu Civil nkhondo, zaka 1859-1863. Ndipo agogo ake mu 1914, anakwanitsa kulera ndi wopanduka umalimbana anawononga boma la wolamulira wina. N'zosadabwitsa kuti nkhani ntchito za makolo awo, mwa mawu a pakamwa anadutsa ku banja la Chávez, ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa zochitika zonse pambuyo pake kuzichita. Mwamsanga pamene pulezidenti tsogolo la Venezuela anamaliza maphunziro a sekondale sukulu, nthawi yomweyo analowa usilikali Academy. Pa 21, anamaliza izo, akutuluka mpanda wa Alma Mater udindo wa mkulu.

Kupanga gulu lanu

Iye anatumikira mu mbali Airborne. Iwo anatuluka wake beret wofiira, popanda zomwe Comandante kenako pagulu sizinayambe. Kale mu 1982 (koma ambiri amakhulupirira kuti sukulu), Analenga gulu lake KOMAKATE. Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti mayina ndi losavuta - mawu amatanthauza "woyamba mkulu", pokhala lili ndi zilembo woyamba wa m'gulu pakati. Kumene, pulezidenti tsogolo la Venezuela yomweyo anakhala mtsogoleri yamphamvu mwa iye. Kapena kumva kuti gulu pasanapite nthawi inasanduka mwangwiro chosintha.

Kulephera panjira mphamvu

Mu 1992, iye anayesa kulanda pulezidenti panopa Carlos Andres Perez. Mu chilungamo osanenapo, iye anali wolamulira kwenikweni siabwino: ziphuphu ndi poyera kuchokera lonse, ndi kukhala pagulu nthawi zonse m'mbuyo. Maganizo Chavez anathamangitsa mwanzeru ndithu: anafuna kumanga boma latsopano la anthu, papezeka okha kulanda ndi ziphuphu, ndi kulilembanso Constituion, adali ndi nambala yaikulu zovuta. Koma Peres boma nthawi analephera kuletsa ankafuna kulanda boma.

pulezidenti yovomerezeka

Ubwino wake, Andres Perez, iye sanawononge Goliyati thupi. Ndipo n'kovuta kwambiri, ngati tikukamba za olamulira Latin American. Chavez nadzipereka yekha kwa olamulira, atauza ophunzira ake kuti apange zokhumba zida. Pakuti ichi aboma analamula kuti zaka zinayi zokha mu ndende, ndipo mu 1994 atamasulidwa pansi Amnesty ndi. Pambuyo Chavez anakana zoti zokhumba zida. Muchipindachi, anaganizira kwambiri za ndale, choncho anatsimikiza kukwaniritsa mphamvu kudzera mwa lamulo.

Mu 1998, basi isanafike chisankho cha Pulezident akubwera, Hugo anayamba nkhondo yake. Mosiyana ndi anthu ambiri a Otsutsa ake, mawu ake anali osavuta, ndi phungu anali munthu amene anakumbukira oponya voti poyesetsa zochita zawo m'malo kupanda kwake. Komanso, Chavez analumbira potsiriza kuthetsa katangale mu dziko. N'zosadabwitsa kuti iye anakwaniritsa cholinga chake. Pulezidenti watsopano Venezuela yagoletsa pang'ono kuposa 54% ya mavoti onse, koma kunali kupambana kwenikweni.

olamulira Democratic a dziko

Mwa njira, ndi mochuluka bwanji zinali atsogoleri a dziko? Mwatsoka, mndandanda wa atsogoleri a Venezuela, sikutheka kuti ndibwereze pano, kuyambira pakhala anthu 48. Tidzakhalanso akunjate mndandanda wa mitu ya boma, amene wotanganidwa positi kuyambira 1952 (padziko nthawi adabadwa Chavez). Kotero, apa iwo ali:

• Marcos Jimenez, amene anakhala mu ofesi kuchokera 1952 mpaka 1958.
• Wolfgang Ugueto. Anakwera "mpando wachifumu" mu 1958, chiwembu asilikali. Mosakhalitsa anali pulezidenti kukhala ngakhale chaka chimodzi.
• Edgar Sanabria. Zosakhalitsa kazembe, loya.
• Romulo Betancourt. Iye anali pulezidenti kuchokera 1959 mpaka 1964.
• Raúl Leoni. Pa positi kuyambira 1964 mpaka 1969.
• Rafael Caldera, amene analamulira kuyambira 1969 mpaka 1974.
• Yemweyo Carlos Andres Perez, mu nthawi yake, Hugo abisalire kumbuyo mipiringidzo. Iye anakhala mu ofesi kuchokera 1974 mpaka 1979.
• Luis HERRERA Kampins. Unalamulira kuyambira 1979 mpaka 1984.
• Jaime Lusinchi. Nthawi ya utsogoleri - kuchokera 1984 mpaka 1989.
• Ndipo kachiwiri ... Carlos Perez. Iye anali mkulu kwa 1989 1993.
• Kuchokera June 1993 mpaka 1994, alternately kukoka katundu wa utsogoleri Octavio Lepage ndipo Ramon payipi Velaskes. Anali kuchita.
• Pomaliza, Rafael Caldera. Iye anagwiritsitsa positi kuchokera 1994 mpaka kumapeto a 1998.

Choncho, pulezidenti wa Venezuela, mndandanda umene takupatsani m'nkhani (ngakhale iye si zochuluka) kulamulidwa ndi avareji zaka zisanu. Pamaso pawo pulezidenti, anthu kawirikawiri anali kwa zaka zoposa ziwiri kapena zitatu, ndipo makamaka mu nthawi chosintha positi kwa chaka m'malo mwa anthu atatu kapena anayi. Choncho Hugo Chavez komanso "analumbira bwenzi" Andres Perez - chodabwitsa chilengedwe ndale, wapadera Venezuela. Choyamba ndinakhala mu positi kwa pafupifupi zaka 12, Perez - okwana zaka zisanu ndi zinayi.

Zaluso mu dera chuma ndi ndale

Kodi Hugo Chavez kuyambira potenga udindo? Choyamba, iye anapereka okhwima boma ulamuliro pa mafuta kampani Petroleos de A Venezuela: phindu ake onse anauzidwa kuti ndondomeko. Motero, ndalama anapita kumanga masukulu atsopano ndi zipatala, maphunziro a misa, kupanga mapulogalamu ulimi mu dziko. Hugo anadziwa zoyenera kuchita, chifukwa osachepera 70% ya anthu pa nthawi imeneyo anakhala wosauka, thandizo masankho kungakupatseni basi. Ndi thandizo la anthu, Venezuela Pulezidenti Chavez akukonza kusodza kwa nationalization makampani ena.

Patangotha chaka, chisankho chake, analenga kusodza cha malamulo atsopano, ndipo mu 2000 Iye anapambana pa chisanko otsiriza, nthawi imeneyi kulemba% 60 zokha ya mavoti onse. Koma Chavez ankaona lotsatira "ang'ono-mzinda princelings" amene "anakwera" pa ntchito woyenera ndi oponya voti, si koyenera: Hugo kwenikweni anachita kwambiri kwa dziko.

Black mwazi wa chuma

Popeza United States anali kwambiri yozungulira, akadali amadalira mafuta South America, ndipo anapatsidwa mpata ku misika mphamvu mu 2000s oyambirira, ndi chosankha Sizodabwitsa mutsogoleli pa kusintha kumene ndale za boma. Mu zaka zochepa chabe, osauka, akumenya chivundi, Venezuela wakhala yaikulu ndi otchuka player m'chigawochi. Chifukwa malo okhazikika chuma, komanso chifukwa kutsutsako lakuthwa wa United States, pulezidenti wakale wa Venezuela wakhala anatha kulimbikitsa momuzungulira kwambiri kapena zochepa mayiko akuluakulu a Latin America.

History kukonzanso chisankho

kuwatsutsa dziko linali kwambiri osakhutira ndi mantha Hugo zochita, choncho mobwerezabwereza anayesa kuchotsa mfundo kudzera zonse zilipo. April 12, 2002 unagonjetsedwa ndi kulanda boma, koma junta unatenga masiku awiri okha: April 14 Chavez wakhala kamodzinso anabwerera ku utsogoleri wa asilikali ake okhulupirika. Mu 2006 pali wina kukonzanso chisankho.

Choncho, pulezidenti wa Venezuela (amene yonena ali m'nkhani) ndi limodzi mwa kwambiri "kuleza kusewera" andale mu dziko. Kodi kunena za Latin America, kumene pulezidenti akuti kawirikawiri chimakhala kuposa chaka!

Mu 2007, Chavez anakhazikitsa United Socialist Party wa Venezuela, mu phiko la amene amatenga pafupifupi onse mabwenzi ake ndi andale luso. Patatha zaka zisanu, mu 2012, iye kamodzinso kachiwiri kusankhidwa pulezidenti wa dziko.

Chiyambi cha mapeto

Pulezidenti Venezuela Hugo Chavez akhala atadwala khansa. Mulimonsemo, nthawi zinayi kapena zisanu pansi mankhwala onse kunyumba ndi Cuba. N'zovuta kunena mmene ntchito ndi mankhwala mankhwala amphamvu ambiri iye amayenera kulandira. Opaleshoni, zomwe zinachitikadi mu 2012 ku chipatala Cuba, mwadzidzidzi kobvuta ndi matenda aakulu m'mapapo mwanga.

Ndi chifukwa chake kutsegulira wotsatira wa Chavez mu January 2013 amati yolondola, ngakhale kwambiri "kumene" pulezidenti pa izo sizinali. Zingatanthauze kuti zonse zinayenda: mu February, pulezidenti wa ntchito Twitter, analengeza adzabwerenso. Ndizo basi kuyambira iye sanangokhala chipatala cha asilikali ku Caracas.

Ndiye zonse tcheru. Mwamwayi, sadakhala wopanda pake; March 6, 2013, Nicolas Maduro anauzidwa kuti pulezidenti wakale wa Venezuela Hugo Chavez anamwalira ndi khansa kwambiri. Ngakhale anthu ambiri ndi amaganiziridwa kuthekera chochitika wotelo poyambirira, izo zinali zovuta iwo kudabwitsa.

"Mbuyo" Matalente

Munthu uyu anakumbukira padziko lonse zoziziritsira ake sizidzatha ndi changu, mosatopa ludzu kanthu ndi masewera mabuku. ndikanathera Kodi pulezidenti wa Venezuela? The chidwi kwambiri n'chakuti ambiri Latin America, kukhala Akatolika odzipereka, si nthawi zonse amatha molondola ndibwereze ndime m'Baibulo. Hugo angathe. Komanso, ankawerenga kukumbukira ndime zazikulu za Lemba, mosavuta kubwerera ku kukambirana linasokonekera ola limodzi kapena kuposa. Pulezidenti kuchilemekeza ntchito Bolivar, ankakonda watercolors, ankakonda nyimbo, ndipo m'munda umenewu zofuna zake zinali zosiyanasiyana kwambiri.

Choncho, kumapeto 2007 dziko anaona gulu nyimbo zimene anachita yekha, ndipo pamaso pa ophunzirawo kuunikira mu kulengeza kwa. Patapita chaka olembedwa angapo nyimbo yake, amene ali m'gulu m'chigawo chotchedwa "Musica ma para La Batalla" ( "Music kwa nkhondo"). Kulemekeza kwambiri masewera. Kuyambira ndili mwana, iye anali wabwino masewera a mpira, ngakhale mochedwa mu moyo nthawi zonse wapeza nthawi yotaya angapo mipira.

moyo

Kangati anakwatiwa Chaves Ugo? Wambiri (Venezuela Pulezidenti lomwe limapezeka pafupifupi wokonda moyo wodzimana) ndipo kwenikweni chimasonyeza banja lake labwino munthu. Koma mu moyo wake iye akadali si mwayi. Choncho, mu 1992, pamene Hugo anamangidwa ndi iye anaswa mkazi woyamba. Chachiwiri moyo mnzake Marisabel Rodriguez movutika odziwika mtolankhani.

Kuti m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa ya malamulo atsopano. Pazifukwa zosadziwika, kuti pulezidenti yekha anali kukambirana, iwo linatha mu 2002. Mu nkhani iyi, Mkazi ali kudzudzulidwa poyera kukonza zonse mwamuna wake wonse woyamba. Mu Chavez ana asanu: anayi zoyambirira, ndi mwana wamkazi mmodzi ku ukwati wake wachiwiri.

Mapeto a nthawi imeneyo

Venezuela amasunga munthu pompano? Pulezidenti Maduro, ndi mnzake wokhulupirika wa womwalirayo Chavez ndi pa malo ake mu March 2013 ndipo tsiku lino. Popeza kuti pa nthawi kuchokera 2011 mpaka 2013 mu dziko lonse la ntchito pulezidenti wa kale izo, Nicolas Maduro akhoza kale kuonedwa ndi moyo wautali ndale.

Iye amatenga Inde mofanana Hugo. Komabe, pamene Maduro m'mafakitale ambiri (makamaka mafuta) zinalengedwa zokambirana kwambiri. okayikira ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ngati Nicholas Venezuela ali mwayi wokhala m'dziko limene si m'chigawo alibiretu chikoka. Chabwino, ife tikhoza ndikulingalira. Nthawi adzatiuza mmene pomwe anali onyamula maganizo.

Ngati pulezidenti watsopano sadzapita patali ndipo kupitiriza ndondomeko amene anayamba kuloŵedwa m'malo ake, ndithu kufika bwino chidwi. Mulimonsemo, anthu a Venezuela ndithu manja aŵiri uthenga wa utsogoleri wake. Inde, preponderance ya mavoti anali 1 yekha%, koma ndi odziwa wandale zokwanira, amene amadziwa zosowa onse ndi mavuto a boma.