Ndi pamwamba pa Mercury chiyani? mbali Mercury

Padziko Mercury, mwachidule kulankhula, akufanana mwezi. zigwa chachikulu ndi zambiri zimaphala zikusonyeza kuti ntchito Geological pa dziko chidatha mabiliyoni zaka zapitazo.

kapangidwe pamwamba

Padziko Mercury (chithunzi limasonyeza kenako m'nkhani), anajambula kafukufuku "Woyendetsa Chombo 10" ndi "Mtumiki", anali ofanana mu maonekedwe ndi Moon. Planet kwakukulukulu lili ndi zimaphala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zazing'ono kuonekera kwa zithunzi zambiri mwatsatanetsatane "Woyendetsa Chombo" chimaonekera mamita mazana angapo awiri. Danga pakati zimaphala lalikulu ndi athyathyathya ndipo ndi kumveka. N'chimodzimodzi pamwamba mwezi, koma amatenga malo zambiri. dera amenewa atazunguliridwa olemekezeka amadza Mercury dongosolo anapanga chifukwa cha kugunda ndi, - Plain Kutentha dziwe (Caloris Planitia). Pamsonkhano wina ndi "Woyendetsa Chombo 10" chidafundidwa theka la izo, ndipo izo zinali chilichonse "atumiki" pa flyby chake choyamba cha dziko mu January 2008.

zimaphala

The nyumba ambiri ndi zimaphala alili lathuli. Iwo kwakukulukulu kuphimba nkhope ya Mercury. Planet (zithunzi pansipa) koyamba zikuwoneka ngati mwezi, koma pa kafukufuku pafupi Iwo anafotokoza kusiyana chidwi.

Yokoka pa Mercury kuposa kawiri pa mwezi, mwina chifukwa kachulukidwe mkulu wa phata ochuluka wopangidwa mwa chitsulo ndi sulfure. A gulu lalikulu yokoka amamuchititsa kusunga kanthu n'kuthamangitsidwa Chigwa pafupi ndi malo amadza. Poyerekeza ndi mwezi, ndi waponya pa mtunda wa% 65 okha mwa mwezi. Izi zikhoza kukhala chimodzi mwa zinthu zimene zinathandiza kuti dziko zimaphala sekondale anapanga ndi mmene zinthu ejected, mosiyana chachikulu akuwuka mwachindunji pa kugunda ndi asteroid kapena nyenyezi. Apamwamba yokoka zikutanthauza kuti akalumikidzidwa zovuta ndi nyumba kuti zikusonyeza zimaphala lalikulu - nsonga chapakati, otsetsereka ndi yosalala m'munsi - pa Mercury anati mu zimaphala wocheperako (osachepera awiri pafupifupi 10 km) kuposa Moon (pafupifupi 19 km). Miyeso ang'onoang'ono a nyumba awa kapu ngati mawonekedwe ophweka. Mercury zimaphala amasiyana Mars, ngakhale mayiko awa awiri muli yokoka ofanana. Mwatsopano zimaphala wa choyamba amakhala chozama kupitirira maphunziro mwachinsinsi wachiwiri. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa zili otsika volatiles mu kotekisi wa Mercury kapena apamwamba ng'oma imathamanga (kuyambira liwiro la ukuwonjezeka chinthu pa kanjira dzuwa kufika ku Sun).

Zimaphala lalikulu kuposa makilomita 100 m'mimba mwake anayamba tikuyandikira mawonekedwe chowulungika ankaikira formations yotereyi. Chuluchi - maiwe polycyclic - ndi kutalika kwa 300 Km kapena zambiri ndipo chifukwa cha mwansanga amphamvu kwambiri. ambiri angapo a iwo anapezeka pa mbali kujambulidwa dzikoli. Image "Mtumiki" ndi laser altimetry adzipangira chopereka kwambiri kuti timvetse bwino mabala awa yotsalira kumayambiriro kwa asteroid bombardment wa Mercury.

Caloris beseni

nyumba imeneyi mantha chimafikira kwa 1.550 Km. Pamene detects koyamba "Woyendetsa Chombo 10" ankaganiza kuti kukula kwake n'chochepa kwambiri. Danga lamkati la chinthu ndi chigwa yosalala chobisa apangidwe ndi wosweka mabwalo concentric. Yaikulu mapiri kutambasula makilomita mazana angapo m'litali, pafupifupi 3 Km lonse ndi mamita 300 mkulu. Pa 200 yopuma ofanana kukula m'mbali akuchokera kwa zigwa pakati; ambiri a iwo ali ndi matendawa, zochepa mizere (grabens). Kodi grabens intersect zitunda, iwo amakhala kudutsa, zimene zikusonyeza kuti mapangidwe zawo.

Mitundu ya nyemba

Beseni Caloris wazunguliridwa ndi mitundu iwiri ya mtunda - m'mphepete ake ndi mpumulo popangidwa ndi thanthwe ejected. M'mphepete mphete ndi phiri osasamba midadada kufika 3 Km okwera, ndiwo mapiri apamwamba mu dziko anatulukira ndi otsetsereka ndi phompho m'njira Chapakati. The mphete kachiwiri spaced laling'ono kwambiri 100-150 Km from woyamba. Pakuti otsetsereka kunja ndi zone ya zitunda liniya zozungulira ndi zigwa pang'ono wodzazidwa zigwa ena amene tizinthu mapiri ambiri ndipo tokhala mu mamita mazana angapo. Magwero a mabungwe omwe amapanga mphete lonse kuzungulira Caloris beseni otsutsana. Ena zigwa pa Moon inakhazikitsidwa kwakukulukulu chifukwa cha mogwirizana kwa umuna ndi pamwamba alipo mpumulo, ndipo mphamvu zowona Mercury. Koma "Mtumiki" Zotsatira zikusonyeza kuti mbali yofunika kwambiri mu mapangidwe awo ankaimba ntchito chiphala. Sikuti pali zimaphala pang'ono, poyerekeza ndi dziwe kutentha, kusonyeza kuti nthawi yaitali motero a m'Chigwa, koma ali ndi mbali zina, mwachionekere kwambiri kugwirizana ndi kuphulika kwa mapiri kuposa Tingaone mu zithunzi zomwe zajambulidwa ndi "Woyendetsa Chombo 10". Yofunika umboni chiphala zimapezeka ntchito zithunzi "MTUMIKI" Posonyezana mapiri, zomwe zambiri zili pamodzi m'mphepete lakunja la kutentha kumveka.

Chigwa Raditladi

Caloris ndi chimodzi mwa zigwa wamng'ono lalikulu polycyclic, osachepera mu gawo ankafufuza za Mercury. Mwina anapanga pa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo pamene otsiriza chimphona dongosolo pa mwezi - biliyoni 3,9 zaka zapitazo. Image "MTUMIKI" anasonyeza wina, laling'ono kwambiri amadza Chigwa ndi mphete zooneka mkati, umene mwina anapanga patapita nthawi yaitali dzina lake Raditladi dziwe.

antipode lachilendo

Pa nthawiyi kumbali ina ya dzikoli ndendende 180 ° zosiyana Plain Kutentha ili gawo zachilendo olakwika malo. Asayansi kumasulira mfundo imeneyi, kunena za munthawi yomweyo awo kupanga mwa kukamba mafunde zivomerezi ku zochitika zimene bwanji antipodal padziko Mercury. Mapiri mtunda ndi Anayendayenda mizere lalikulu malo okwera woimira polygons mapiri 5-10 Km m'lifupi ndipo mpaka 1.5 Km okwera. Analipo zimaphala inasandutsidwa mapiri ndi ming'alu njira zivomerezi kuti zotsatira mu mpumulo ndi mawonekedwe. Ena a iwo anali ngakhale pansi, koma anasintha mawonekedwe ake, kusonyeza kuti pambuyo kuwadzaza.

zigwa

Plain - ndi ndi lathyathyathya kapena mokoma undulating pamwamba pa Mercury, Venus, Earth ndi Mars, lomwe likupezeka kulikonse pa mayiko awa. Chigwachi chimaimira "chinsalu" imene malo otukuka. zigwa ndi kumasonyeza njira chiwonongeko cha mtunda akhakula ndi kulenga danga flattened.

Pali njira zosachepera zitatu "akupera" chifukwa lomwe, mwina, mlingo padziko Mercury.

Njira imodzi - malungo - amachepetsa mphamvu ya kutumphuka ndi mphamvu yake kusunga mpumulo mkulu. Kwa zaka mamilioni phirilo "lakuya", pansi pa zimaphala wa Mercury limatuluka ndipo pamwamba angaimbidwenso.

Yachiwiri njira kumaphatikizapo kusuntha miyala kwa mtunda m'munsi pansi kanthu yokoka. Ndi thanthwe ndi anasonkhanitsa pa nthawi ndi likukwaniritsa mu milingo matendawa, apamwamba ndi kuwonjezera mphamvu zake. Choncho zinthu utuluke chiphalaphala ku matumbo a dziko.

A njira lachitatu, funsani zidutswa thanthwe padziko Mercury pamwamba, amene n'kukumana ndi mayikidwe akhakula mpumulo. Chitsanzo cha ichi limagwirira mpweya miyala angatumikire mu mapangidwe zimaphala ndi phulusa la chiphala chamoto.

Ntchito chiphala

Ena umboni akutsamira kwa amanena za chikoka cha ntchito chiphala chamoto, mu mapangidwe ambiri zigwa azinga Caloris beseni kale apatsidwa. Other zigwa wachinyamata pa Mercury, makamaka noticeable mu zigawo kuunikiridwa pa ngodya otsika pa flyby loyamba "Mtumiki", kusonyeza mbali khalidwe la kuphulika kwa mapiri. Mwachitsanzo, zimaphala angapo zaka anadzazidwa kwa utuluke Mlomo chiphalaphala, ngati formations chomwecho pa Moon ndi Mars. Komabe, madambo ambiri pa Mercury kovuta kuti aone. Chifukwa iwo ndi achikulire, n'zoonekeratu kuti mapiri ena ndi dongosolo chiphala akhoza kukhala pansi kukokoloka kapena kugwa mulimonse, kuwapanga zovuta kufotokoza. Kumvetsa zigwa zakale izi ndi zofunika, monga nawonso kukhala mofulumira ambiri zimaphala ndi awiri a 10-30 Km, poyerekeza ndi Moon.

scarp

Mitundu chofunika kwambiri zimachititsa chilumbachi Mercury, amene kupereka lingaliro la kapangidwe mkati mwa dziko mazana a ledges losongoka. Kutalika kwa thanthwe zimasiyanasiyana ambiri kuti makilomita oposa chikwi, ndi kutalika - 100 mamita 3 Km. Pamene kuonera pamwamba, m'mbali zawo kuoneka anamaliza kapena scalloped. Zikuonekeratu kuti izi - zotsatira za akulimbana, pamene gawo la pansi ananyamuka ndipo anagwa pa madera ozungulira. Padziko Lapansi, nyumba amenewa ndi ochepa kukula ndipo amapezeka pa m'deralo yopingasa psinjika mu matanthwe a. Koma onse kufufuza padziko Mercury aphimbidwa escarpment, kutanthauza kuti kutumphuka wa dziko mu m'mbuyomo utachepa. chiwerengero ndi Masamu scarps ndi, ndizoonekeratu kuti dziko yafupika awiri ndi 3 Km.

Komanso, shrinkage ayenera mpaka ndi posachedwapa mu mbiri Geological nthawi popeza ena scarps zinasintha anasunga (choncho wachibale wamng'ono) amadza zimaphala. Liwiro choyambirira mkulu-liwiro kasinthasintha wa dziko mphamvu Ndiyetu psinjika opangidwa mu M'madera a zitunda kunyanja Mercury. Padziko lonse anagawira scarps Komabe, amati mafotokozedwe winanso yozizira chovala, mwina osakaniza ndi gawo kamodzi kwathunthu solidified wa pakati osungunula, zinachititsa mu psinjika za pakati ndi chimfine kutumphuka mapindikidwe. Kuchepetsa kukula kwa Mercury pa yozizira chobvala chake kungabweretse nyumba zambiri kotenga kuposa Tingaone, kusonyeza kuti incompleteness za ndondomeko psinjika.

pamwamba Mercury ndi: chiyani?

Asayansi anayesa kupeza zikuchokera dzikoli, akuyendayenda dzuwa anasonyeza ku mafelemu osiyana. Chimodzi kusiyana pakati Mercury ndi Moon kusiya chakuti pang'ono poyamba mdima, ndi osiyanasiyana padziko kuwala izo ang'onoang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, nyanja Sputnik - malo osalala, kuonekera kwa apoyera monga lalikulu mdima malo - mdima koposa flecked okwera cratered ndi zigwa za Mercury kokha pang'ono mdima. Kusiyana mtundu sakhala kutchulidwa pa dziko, ngakhale zithunzi "Mtumiki", pogwiritsa ntchito ya Zosefera mtundu, anasonyeza m'madera ochepa zokongola kugwirizana ndi mapiri. zizindikiro zimenezi ndi zimakhalanso featureless zooneka ndi pafupi infuraredi sipekitiramu wa dzuwa zimaonekera, amasonyeza kuti Mercury pamwamba imakhala m'malo osauka chitsulo ndi titaniyamu silicate mchere mdima mtundu poyerekeza ndi mwezi Maria. Makamaka, dziko miyala kungakhale zili otsika oxides zachitsulo (FeO), ndipo izi zimabweretsa kopanda kuti unapangidwa zinthu ndi zambiri kuchepetsa (ie. E. Kupanda mpweya) kuposa anthu ena apadziko lapansi.

Mavuto kafukufuku akumidzi

Zovuta kudziwa zikuchokera dziko ndi cholinga akumidzi a sipekitiramu kuwala ndi cheza kutentha, kumene kumasonyeza padziko Mercury. Planet kwambiri mkangano, amene kumasintha katundu kuwala kwa particles mchere ndi complicates kutanthauzira mwachindunji. Komabe, "Mtumiki" wakhala okonzeka ndi zida zingapo, panalibe pa bolodi "Woyendetsa Chombo 10", anayeza mankhwala ndi mchere zikuchokera mwachindunji. zipangizozi kutenga nthawi yaitali chidwi, pamene chombo linakhala Mercury, kotero zotsatira zenizeni itatha yoyamba utali atatu lalifupi sanali. Only pa ntchito yozungulira "Mtumiki" atadziwa zokwanira za zikuchokera pamwamba dziko latsopano.