Yothandiza: mfundo ndi mitundu

Pa gawo lino la zinthu komanso umoyo ndi zachuma ndale Russia akhala wosakhazikika, kuchititsa kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu ovutika mu boma thandizo kwa anthu. Polankhula nkhani zimenezi akuchita yothandiza. Mfundo za dongosolo ndi mfundo atsopano a gulu la zosiyanasiyana thandizo ndipo akhala anakonza kutenga nkhani limatchula za akutulukira mavuto.

Zinthu sotsuslug malo a chitukuko

Lingaliro ndi mfundo za Services Social mobwerezabwereza anasintha ndipo losandulizika, monga panali zosiyanasiyana njira kuthana ndi mavuto amenewa. Ndi chitukuko cha boma ndi mabungwe owona ufulu, iwo nthawi zambiri zovuta ndi kukodzedwa. Komabe, mfundo za ntchito imeneyi pamene ntchito inkayenda pamaso atumwi wotsiriza, choncho zochepa zapitazi gulu kuthandiza anthu osowa nawo mawonekedwe monga yothandiza. Mfundo anasonkhezeredwa ndi nzeru zaumunthu, sociological, paradigms chuma ovutika. Pa gawo lino la zili akukumana zofunika malamulo ndi zina zambiri.

Mbali zatsopano za chitukuko cha dongosolo Russian kupereka thandizo chikhalidwe linayamba zochitika 1991.

yothandiza: tanthauzo ndi maziko malamulo

M'banja ukulu wa boma chithandizo kwa anthu osowa mu kusintha ndi bwino. Lingaliro ndi mfundo za yothandiza osati kwakukulukulu yodziwika ndi ntchito muyezo-atakhala a boma, koma kusonyeza malangizo a ndondomeko chikhalidwe poyerekezera ndi zigawo bwino kutetezedwa kwa anthu.

Makasitomala a yothandiza ali mbadwa amene ali zovuta moyo. Mawu amenewa amanena zinthu (matenda, kulumala, yekhayo makolo, ulova, ukalamba, etc.), mwachikulu linaphwanya umoyo wa nzika, amene yekha sangathe kulimbana ndi iwo.

Lingaliro ndi mfundo za mabungwe utumiki chikhalidwe kudziwa limatchula ntchito ndi makasitomala. Kumapeto kwa 2013, lamulo latsopano "Pa maziko a yothandiza kwa anthu mu Russian Federation", kudziwa za chuma, chikhalidwe ndi malamulo malo ndi ndondomeko za kayendetsedwe ka mtundu umenewu. Komanso, mphamvu kumene anaika mu yamtunduwu za akuluakulu a boma oyang'anira mzindawo m'munda wa yokonza ntchito za anthu ndi kupereka iwo ndi chithandizo choyenera chikhalidwe. Pa nthawi yomweyo ovomerezeka ufulu ndi udindo amatikhululukira yothandiza. Iwowa wachinsinsi monga anthu nzika Russian ndi alendo omwe, ndipo alibe udindo, koma kalekale wokhala m'dzikolo, monga othawa kwawo. Kuti ali wolandira wa utumiki akhoza kukhala nzika ya dziko, mwalamulo monga thandizo chikhalidwe.

malamulo atsopano wakhazikitsa mfundo, mfundo ndi mawonekedwe a yothandiza. Ndi ntchito cholinga kupereka lonse osiyanasiyana potengera sotsuslug osiyana a anthu osauka. Ndi utumiki chikhalidwe amatanthauza chinthu kapena zochita anagwira pa okhazikika, nthawi, chisawawa chifukwa kusintha osauka kapena kuonjezera mphamvu zothetsera osadalira pa mavuto.

Kumene, ndi matanthauzo osiyana kotheratu m'mayiko ena, ali ndi utumiki chikhalidwe. Mfundo mitundu ya ntchito ndi anthu mu dziko lathu ndi kunja kumatanthauza dera lawo, chuma, chikhalidwe ndi zina mbali ya boma kapena chigawo chomwe mufuna.

Kapangidwe ka utumiki chikhalidwe

Lero, kachitidwe Mipikisano mlingo yapangidwa Russia, wopangidwa mwa maonekedwe ndi umisiri, mabungwe mabungwe zikugwira yothandiza. Mfundo chakuti akuoneni lililonse katundu dyera mosaganizira zoti ndi osiyana ndi dipatimenti makamaka.

Dongosolo boma yothandiza ndi zovuta zikuphatikizapo:

• ulamuliro wamkulu pa mlingo boma, lomwe tasked ndi Kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa ya chakudya cha mfundo za boma ndipo normative malamulo lamulo mu dera la utumiki chikhalidwe;
• ulamuliro onse ndi maiko oyandikana, amene amaloledwa kukwaniritsidwa kwa malamulo a boma amatitsimikizira thandizo chikhalidwe;
• mwachindunji mabungwe mabungwe utumiki chikhalidwe cha anthu pa ulamuliro wa boma, dera ndi makonsolo;
• sanali malonda ndi malonda (omwe si a boma) mabungwe ndi ufulu (kusamvana) potipatsa yothandiza kuti nzika osowa;
• amalonda munthu, okhazikika mu yothandiza mwanayo.

Lamulo komanso limatanthauzira nkhani (ogulitsa) ndi zinthu (olandira) nawo mbali ndi kukhala woyenera ntchito angakwanitse chikhalidwe. Mfundo, gulu la ntchito pagulu mabungwe zogwirizana ndi makhalidwe dera phunziro la Russia. Makasitomala a yothandiza zambiri kutumikira anthu olumala, okalamba, kholo limodzi ndi mabanja akuluakulu, asilikali, lova.

Kusintha kuchitika pa mlingo boma ndi zimakhudza mwachindunji yothandiza kuti anthu. Mfundo, mitundu, ntchito ndi kuonetsera Mwachangu mu zochitika mwadzidzidzi ndi mapangidwe Mipikisano tasking.

Ntchito yaikulu ya dongosolo

Akatswiri maziko a chikhalidwe ntchito magulu awiri chachikulu ntchito anasonyeza kuti ikukhudzana bwanji ndi yothandiza:

1) kwenikweni-ntchito (chikhalidwe zothandizira mipingo yawo, njira, anatengera, umoyo-konzanso, moto chitetezo);

2) makhalidwe abwino komanso a anthu (pochita zinthu chikhalidwe komanso a anthu).

Iwo amaoneka pa milingo zazikulu ndi yaying'ono ya yothandiza. Akadakwanitsira ntchito zigawo ndi boma machitidwe a yothandiza mwachindunji ndi kukhazikitsa zawo zothandiza.

Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti ntchito ndi mfundo za utumiki chikhalidwe ntchito osati pankhani wolandira munthu, komanso gulu la anthu omwe ndi vuto wamba. Ndiko kuti, ntchito imeneyi imachitika onse pa milingo payekha ndi gulu.

Mfundo za yothandiza

Mfundo za Services Social yodziwika monga mabuku, Integrated, deystvuschie mu zofuna za olandira utumiki. Maziko a ntchito ndi anthu a magulu osatetezedwa kupereka ulemu ufulu wa munthu aliyense, kumulemekeza monga munthu, salola kuwalemekeza kunyozana, amayesetsa mtima woganizira kwa makasitomala.

Mfundo yofunika ya chifaniziro cha yothandiza ndi:

• Free ndi ofanana mwayi wa nzika za iliyonse msinkhu, kugonana, chilankhulo, chipembedzo, mtundu, zikhulupiriro, malo okhala, umembala amaloledwa mu boma mabungwe onse. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti mfundo za utumiki chikhalidwe chitsimikizo muyenera mwayi wofanana kupeza zina zofunikla.
• Adliesi makonzedwe a mitundu yonse thandizo chikhalidwe, ndiyo ya yothandiza anthu ayenera kuganizira zofunika za kasitomala makamaka, chuma chake ndi thupi lake.
• Angapatse yothandiza zikhale pafupi ndi gawo la okhala winayo, ndi chiwerengero ogulitsa kuonetsetsa kasitomala wokhutira, komanso kuchuluka akadakwanitsira ya anthu, chuma, mfundo ndi mabungwe utumiki chikhalidwe mipata ina.
• Zolemba malire kuteteza kabwerebwere zogona zachilengedwe zikuthandiza kasitomala;
• Zaufulu chiyambi.
• Zachinsinsi ntchito: utumiki wosamalira chikhalidwe adzawusungira ndipo sanena zambiri makasitomala munthu, zambiri zanu ndi zina. Komanso, sikuloledwa kuulula zachinsinsi malonda. Kuphwanya mfundo imeneyi adzakhala zikuphatikizapo kubweretsa perpetrators chilungamo, zotchulidwa malamulo Russian. Pokhapokha kupeza chilolezo kwalembedwa za phindu la (nthumwi malamulo) yothandiza analola kutengerapo, mwendo zambiri ndi anthu ena zofuna za wolandira. Komabe, pali zifukwa zomveka zimene zingachititse kuti kuphwanya mfundo za chinsinsi ndi kupempha mudziwe: Kukwanilitsa Court yofufunzira, kufufuza, atafunsira kapena zina mwa Kuthi ndi njira zina pamene kupanga mankhwala ndi mtchalitchi zipata kapena makonde ena, malinga ndi lamulo.

Gulu la ntchito ndi kasitomala ziyenera kuyendera mfundo zonse yothandiza. Choncho, n'koyenera kuti mfundo za njira mwatsatanetsatane kuti gulu la anthu amene anakhudzidwawo.

Tikumbukenso kuti mfundo za utumiki chikhalidwe nzika atengedwa mu nkhani za chitukuko cha mfundo za boma ndipo malamulo utsogoleri pa makonzedwe a misonkhano osauka misinkhu yonse, kuyambira mabungwe mabungwe m'deralo.

olandira kungakupatseni ufulu sotsuslug

Mfundo za ufulu utumiki chikhalidwe kusonyeza mlingo wa anthu a boma ndi anthu poyerekezera ndi nzika osowa.

makasitomala utumiki Social ali oyenera:

• ulemu ndi chithandizo uweme;
• yodalirika pa maziko a mfundo ndi Kufikika ufulu wawo ndi udindo, mitundu, nthawi, chikhalidwe, mavuto, tariffs, kusamalira yokonza bungwe, kuwonjezera, makasitomala nthawi zonse kudziwa za utumiki wosamalira, n'zotheka kupeza thandizo kwaulere;
• nzika ndi ufulu wa kusankha palokha ndipo zaufulu za mabungwe kumene zina zofunikla akhoza ladziko;
• ndi kukana kwa utumiki;
• zimatsimikizira kuteteza ufulu yovomerezeka ndi zinthu;
• kuonetsetsa zikhalidwe ndi ukhondo wa amafuna kukhala ndi kuisamalira mu mabungwe ena;
• ufulu pakhomo kwa olandila Nthumwi yovomerezeka, notaries, achilamulo ndi anthu ena pa madzulo ndipo masana;
• ufulu thandizo chikhalidwe.

Ufulu wa chibadwidwewu ndi kasitomala sangathe kuthyoledwa, mwinamwake ogula ali ndi chifukwa chomveka muzifunsa kuboma kapena vyshestoyaschmi kutumiza chopempha ku khoti.

Udindo wa opindula

Mabuku malamulo zimene zinalembedwa ndi udindo wina kasitomala, ndiye wolandira iliyonse yothandiza ayenera:

• kupereka zikalata ndipo mudziwe kuti ndi koyenera kuti makonzedwe a yothandiza;
• mu nthawi kudziŵitsa WOPEREKA za kusintha deta kapena zinthu zokhudza ndondomeko ya kupereka thandizo;
• popanda kuphwanya mfundo za mgwirizano potipatsa ntchito, monga yake ndi zonse malipiro ngati;
• sakutsutsana ndi malamulo ambiri amavomereza malamulo a makhalidwe pa anthu, chilango bungwe la.

Chifukwa chophwanya malamulo chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa utumiki chikhalidwe ali ndi ufulu suspend ntchito ndi kasitomala kapena kukana utumiki anapempha.

Lamulo boma komanso amapereka ufulu, ntchito sapulaya. Aliyense ayenera kupereka uthunthu wonse wa ntchito apemphedwa, kugwira ntchito m'nthawi yake, malinga ndi malamulo ndi malangizo a ntchito alipo.

zinthu thandizo chikhalidwe

Mtchatho mfundo za yothandiza bwanji ndondomeko potipatsa mitundu yonse ya thandizo. chifukwa ndi achinsinsi kasitomala ntchito (nthumwi malamulo), anasamukira ku bungwe, kapena pamtima boma ndi makonsolo, mayanjano anthu mu gulu la mgwirizano interdepartmental.

Free wa yothandiza anthu angathe kuperekedwa kwa anthu amene akuvutika chifukwa cha opangidwa ndi masoka achilengedwe ndi ngozi zina, mikangano mitundu ndi mfuti, komanso ana osaposa zaka 18.

ntchito imatengedwa mu malamulo yake, kenako bungwe ukugwira ndondomeko ya kuzindikira ntchito anthu thandizo chikhalidwe. Mu nkhani ya kulephera kwa katundu kwa kasitomala kupereka zina zofunikla, yotsirizira kukhala ndi ufulu wochita apilo chigamulochi kukhoti.

zoyamba za yothandiza ndiponso kukhala yosayambitsa kwa potaya mphamvu ya wosamalira utumiki. Ngati iwo anakumana Choncho, kuthetsa mavuto makasitomala ndi mkulu.

Ndalama za yothandiza

Ndi chikhalidwe dongosolo utumiki wa ndalama magwero anthu monga ndalama (boma, dera ndi makonsolo kaperekedwe ka Boma); zopereka kapena zopereka zachifundo; malipiro nzika kwa yothandiza anapereka kwa iwo; ndalama kuchokera bizinesi kapena zina zimene si ndikoletsedwa ndi lamulo.

Maonekedwe ndi mitundu ya yothandiza

Ndipotu, mbali yofunika kwambiri pa chikhalidwe cha anthu amachita yothandiza. Lingaliro mfundo mitundu amapanga wokhutira.

Mitundu waukulu yothandiza ndi:

• ntchito kunyumba;
• ntchito theka-n'kupuma, misonkhano mwachitsanzo zilipo si midzidzi ya tsiku;
• chisamaliro inpatient, ndicho tinning makasitomala kukhala kalekale kapena mongoyembekezera, masiku asanu pa mlungu mu nyumba pa m'banja.

Komabe, mu chikalata normative wakhala institutionalized mfundo osati. Mitundu ya yothandiza zikukhudza osiyanasiyana ntchito anapereka kwa kuthetsa mavuto zovuta makasitomala.

mabungwe zodzitetezera pa umoyo kupereka makasitomala ndi ntchito zotsatirazi:

• chikhalidwe ndi moyo, kupereka thandizo m'munda wa makasitomala ogula mu ndondomeko ya moyo;
• chikhalidwe ndi thanzi, amene umalimbana kukonza ndi kusungitsa thanzi la ntchito wolandira kupyolera mu gulu la kuisamalira iwo, kuwalimbikitsa kuti kukasangalala, gulu la polojekiti thanzi ndi ambiri bwino kukhala pofuna kupewa pakutchulidwa zolakwika;
• yothandiza ndi maganizo athandize khalidwe ndende m'kati anatengera kwa zinthu zatsopano chikhalidwe, komanso chisamaliro pangozi mavuto pa hotline telefoni;
• umoyo-pedagogical, cholinga chimene ndi kuteteza zolakwika mu umunthu chitukuko, zolimba chidwi zabwino, kuphunzira njira yolondola ya gulu la zosangalatsa; kuthandiza banja lililonse pa nkhani ya kulera mwana;
• chikhalidwe ndi ntchito kuthandiza pa ntchito za kasitomala ndi kumuthandiza kuthana ndi mavuto akuwuka mu anatengera malo ku ntchito;
• Umoyo-Milandu kuthandizapo malamulo, kuteteza ufulu ndi zofuna za wolandira;
• ntchito umalimbana kukulitsa luso kulankhula kwa kasitomala ndi olumala;
• zosiyanasiyanazo ntchito mwamsanga okhudzidwa: kupereka ya mankhwala kapena zakudya otentha; zovala ndi nsapato; zofunikira; thandizo kupeza nyumba zosakhalitsa; Dongosolo la thandizo mwadzidzidzi maganizo; issuance a munthu nthawi chithandizo; Pogwira malangizo malamulo ndi zina.

nzika osowa ngati n'koyenera, kuthandizidwa, osati zokhudzana ndi yothandiza, kapena - anzawo.

Digiri ya mavuto, nthawi ya misonkhano, mlingo wa adequacy ndi kugwilizana zofunika zochokera muyezo wa dzuwa la yothandiza za magulu osiyana kwa nzika zonse. kugwilizana zolimbana, malamulo a makhalidwe, ndi malamulo wamba kupereka apamwamba, anthu chifukwa cha zochita zawo - aluso, onse zimene zingakuthandizeni kuchepetsa mavuto chikhalidwe anthu.