Israel ndi Palestine: mbiri ya mkangano (mwachidule)

Kwa tanthauzo lolondola la nkhondo limene linali pakati Israel ndi Palestine, ayenera kuganizira mofatsa prehistory wake, malo geopolitical a dziko ndi zinthu za mkangano limati, Israel ndi Palestine. Mbiri ya mkangano lafotokozedwa mwachidule m'nkhani ino. atasemphana m'mayiko olemera ndondomeko nthawi yaitali kwambiri ndi mochititsa chidwi kwambiri.

Palestine ndi malo ochepa a ku Middle East. M'dera lomwelo palinso dziko la Israyeli, unakhazikitsidwa mu 1948. N'chifukwa chiyani kukhala adani a Israel ndi Palestine? Mbiri ya nkhondo nthawi yaitali kwambiri ndi maganizo. Mizu ya nkhondo wakhala atasemphana bodza nkhondo pakati pa Palestina Aluya ndi Ayuda kwa Kupititsa ndi mitundu ulamuliro pa dera.

Background kwa zaka zambiri nkhondo

Kwa kale Ayuda ndi Aluya mwamtendere m'gawo Palestina, umene masiku a ufumu wa Ottoman anali mbali ya boma ku Suriya. Anthu zakwawoko a Aluya m'derali, koma m'zaka za m'ma XX anthu achiyuda ankayamba pang'ono ndi pang'ono kuonjezera. zinthu zasintha ukasintha popeza mapeto a yoyamba ya padziko lonse (1918), pamene Britain anapatsidwa udindo akuluakulu a m'dera la Palestine ndipo anatha kutsata malamulo ake pa mayiko amenewa.

Zionism ndi Balfour Declaration

Ayuda anayamba kulamulira kwambiri m'dziko la Palestina. Izi anali limodzi ndi Kukwezeleza malingaliro dziko Ayuda - Zionism, amene amathandiza kubwerera kwa Ayuda kwawo - Israel. Umboni wa ndondomeko izi otchedwa Balfour Declaration. Ndi kalata kwa mtsogoleri wa gulu Zionist ku British Minister A. Balfour, lomwe linalembedwa mu 1917. M'kalata zifukwa zonena za m'zigawozo Ayuda Palestine. Chikalata wakhala ndithu olengeza, kwenikweni anayamba mkangano.

The kukulitsa mikangano mu 20-40-ntchentche za m'ma XX

Mu 20s wa atumwi wotsiriza, Zionists anayamba kulimbitsa maudindo awo, panali gulu lankhondo "Haganah", ndi watsopano, ngakhale zambiri monyanyira bungwe lotchedwa "Irgun zwei Leumi" mu 1935. Koma zochita kwakukulu Ayuda sizinathe anathana, kupondereza Palestina Aluya ikuchitika mwamtendere kwambiri.

Pambuyo Nazi atayamba kulamulira ndi mliri wa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, chiwerengero cha Ayuda a ku Palestina anali zikuchepa kuwonjezeka chifukwa cha emigration awo ku Europe. Pa 1938 mayiko Palestina anthu za 420.000 Ayuda, omwe ndi kawiri kuposa mu 1932. Cholinga chachikulu cha Ayuda awo resettlement anaona kuti alakike lathunthu la Palestine ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa boma Ayuda. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi chakuti pambuyo pa nkhondo mu 1947, chiwerengero cha Ayuda a ku Palestina chinawonjezeka ndi 200 zikwi ndipo wakhala 620 zikwi. Man.

Israel ndi Palestine. Mbiri za nkhondo, n'kosatheka mayiko kuthetsa

M'chaka cha 50 Zionists kokha kulimbitsidwa (zochitika za uchigawenga), maganizo awo boma Ayuda mwayi wa kukhazikitsa. Komanso, iwo amachirikiza anthu padziko lonse. 1945 amakhala ndi kutentha choopsa cha mgwirizano pakati pa Palestine ndi Israel. The boma la Britain sankadziwa njira kusiya zimenezi, chifukwa analankhula Assembly General UN, umene 1947 anatenga tsogolo la Palestine.

Kunja kusagwirizana UN ndinawona mu embodiments awiri. Pamene dipatimenti posachedwapa anakhazikitsa bungwe lonse komiti unakhazikitsidwa, umene ukugwira zokhudza Palestine, izo unali ndi anthu 11. Iwo anali akufuna kuti kulenga mwa Palestine awiri palokha limati - wina Arab ndi wina wachiyuda. Ndipo anapanga pakati pa palibe munthu wa (padziko lonse) gawo - Yerusalemu. Dongosolo la Komiti ya UN pambuyo pokambirana yaitali, anavomerezedwa mu November 1947. Ndondomeko walandira kuzindikira lalikulu padziko lonse, izo zonse US ndi USSR, komanso mwachindunji wovomerezeka Israel ndi Palestine. Mbiri ya mkangano, onse adamuyesa, anabwera ku mapeto.

Terms of chigamulocho UN pa kuthetsa kusamvana

Malinga ndi chikalata UN ya November 29, 1947, m'dera Palestina unagawidwa limati awiri palokha - (.. M'dera 14 zikwi sq Km) Arab (.. Dera 11 zikwi sq Km) Ndipo Ayuda. Payokha, momwe munakonzera, izo analenga zone lonse mu mzinda wa Yerusalemu. Ndi chiyambi cha August 1948, atsamunda English, malinga ndi dongosolo, kusiya m'dera la Palestine.

Koma mwamsanga pamene boma Ayuda analengeza ndipo anakhala Nduna Ben-Gurion, ndi kwakukulu Zionists, amene sakuzindikira ufulu wa gawo Arab m'dziko Palestina nkhondo inayamba mu May 1948.

Gawo pachimake nkhondo a 1948-1949,

Kodi zinali m'mayiko monga Israel ndi Palestine, mbiri ya nkhondo ya? Kodi nkhondo inayamba? Tiyeni yesetsani kupereka nkhaniyi kuyankha mwatsatanetsatane. Kulalikidwa kwa ufulu Israyeli, anali resonant kwambiri ndi maganizo zatchuka padziko lonse. A ambiri m'mayiko Arab-Muslim sanazindikire dziko la Israeli, iye anati, "jehad" (nkhondo yopatulika ndi osakhulupirira). The zikuchokera League a Aluya, lomwe anamenyana Israel anali Jordan, Lebanon, Yemen, Egypt ndi Saudi Arabia. Choncho, tinayamba ntchito yogwira nkhondowo, pakati pa zimene anali Israel ndi Palestine. Pankhondoyi ali kukakamizidwa anthu ngakhale pamaso zochitika zomvetsa chisoni nkhondo za 300 zikwi. Palestina Aluya kusiya m'mayiko awo omwewo.

Arab League asilikali anali bwino ndipo panali 40 chikwi. Asilikali, Israel pamene anali 30 okha zikwi. Chief wa ankhondo a League wa Arab wasankhidwa kukhala Mfumu ya Jordan. Tikumbukenso kuti United Nations anaitanira pa maphwando ku dziko ndipo ngakhale zachitika dongosolo mtendere, koma mbali ziwiri anaukana.

Mu masiku oyambirira a nkhondo imene Palestine a mwayi wa mayiko Arab League, koma m'chilimwe cha 1948, zinthu zasintha kwambiri. asilikali Ayuda anapita pa zolawula, ndipo mkati mwa masiku khumi kumenya kumbuyo alimbane a Aluya. Ndipo kale mu 1949, Israyeli mbamuikha mdani nkhonya mwachamuna malire a Palestine, nalanda Choncho m'gawo lake lonse.

Misa emigration wa anthu

Pa anagonjetsa Ayuda dziko Palestina pafupifupi wani miliyoni Aluya anathamangitsidwa. Iwo anasamuka ku maiko oyandikana Muslim. The ndondomeko n'zosiyana anali emigration Ayuda ku mayiko a Arab League ku Israel. Choncho kumaliza woyamba zipolowe asilikali. Amenewa anali ochokera m'mayiko monga Israel ndi Palestine, mbiri ya nkhondo ya. Ndani amene akhudzidwa ambiri, zimakhala zovuta kuti aweruze, chifukwa mbali zonse anali ndi chidwi mu njira nkhondo mkangano.

Mugone zamakono limati

Kodi pa moyo Israel ndi Palestine? Mbiri za nkhondo kuposa mapeto? Funso osayankhidwa, monga nkhondo ya sichinayambe wotopa, ndipo m'masiku athu. Kumenyana pakati limati anapitiriza lonse m'zaka za m'ma. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi mikangano monga Sinai (1956) komanso Six-Day (1967) nkhondo. Choncho, mwadzidzidzi anatuluka ndipo anayamba kukangana yaitali ya Isiraeli ndi Palestine.

Tikumbukenso kuti patsogolo kwa mtendere koma. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi zingakhale zokambirana, umene unachitika mu Oslo mu 1993. Pakati pa PLO ndi dziko la Israyeli anasaina mgwirizano pa oyamba a Gaza Mzere dongosolo kuboma. Pamaziko a mapangano amenewa lotsatira, mu 1994, linakhazikitsidwa ndi Palestina Authority National, umene 2013 mwalamulo anadzatchedwa Boma la Palestine. Chilengedwe cha boma sanali kubweretsa mtendere yaitali, mkangano Aluya ndi Ayuda ali kutali ndi kukhala wotsimikiza mtima, kuyambira mizu yake m'kati mwenimweni ndiponso zotsutsana.