Mfumu Jordan ndi banja lake

Mfumu ya Jordan Hashemite amadzitcha okha, mwachitsanzo ana a Hashim - .. Great-agogo wa Mtumiki Muhammad. Kuti mtundu uwu ndi onse otchedwa Abbasid pokhapokhapo amene analamulira Arab Caliphate mu theka lachiwiri la VIII atumwi. mpaka kwe m'zaka XIII. . Popeza kuti mapeto a X atumwi, Hashemite emirs analamulira likulu la Asilamu - Mecca. Penultimate mwana wa Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu ndipo anakhala mfumu yoyamba ya Jordan Abdullah I. Popeza kulandira ufulu wodzilamulira mu 1946, kunali anayi mfumu. Kwambiri noticeable kufufuza mbiri ya wachitatu kumanzere, Jordan Mfumu Hussein ndi mwana wake - panopa mfumu Abdullah II.

Childhood ndi unyamata Mfumu Hussein

Hussein mfumu ya Jordan anabadwa mu Amman mu 1935. Kumeneko iye anaphunzira maphunziro ake oyambirira, amene anapitilira ku Egypt. Kenako anapitiriza maphunziro ake England pa Harrow School ndi usilikali Academy Sandhurst, kumene anakhala mabwenzi ndi msuweni wake wachiwiri wa Faisal Mfumu ya Iraq II.

July 20, 1951 mfumu yoyamba ya Jordan, Abdullah Ine pamodzi ndi Prince Hussein anapita ku Yerusalemu kuti achite mapemphero Lachisanu pa Al-Aqsa Mosque. Pa mwambowu, ndi zigawenga Palestina anatsegula moto pa mfumu, ndipo iye anaphedwa. 15 wazaka Hussein anathamangira kuthamangitsa ndi chowombelera. Pakuona umboni kuti gunman zipolopolo mu kalonga, koma chipolopolo ricochet ku mendulo yunifolomu wake, opatsidwa ndi agogo ake.

ndi chifukwa cha udani wa Palestinians wolamulira Jordan n'chiyani? Mfundo yakuti mu zaka 1947-1949. Jordan linalanda zakale lamulo British wa Britain, West Bank kwa mtsinje wa Yordano , ndi East Yerusalemu, amene UN inali kukhala m'dera la watsopano boma Arab la Palestine. analanda dziko anali limodzi ndi athamangitsidwe kwakukulu kumene analenga Isiraeli Ayuda. Kuyambira pamenepo, dziko lino, makamaka mbali Ayuda ndi Aluya a Yerusalemu kukhala gwero la nkhondo yaitali kuti nkhondo ziwiri.

Mavuto a inalowa kuti mpandowachifumu

Poyamba, Mfumu anabereka mwana wamkulu wa Hussein a Abdullah Ine Talal. Koma Patatha miyezi khumi ndi zitatu, anakakamizika kunyalanyaza chifukwa boma maganizo (European ndi Arab madokotala anandipeza akuchita misala). Choncho, 16 wazaka Korona zipsera Huseyn analengeza Mfumu ya Hashemite Ufumu wa Yorodano, August 11, 1952. Choyamba, mpaka Kalonga wa zaka ankalamulira dziko regency. Woyenera voshestvie Hussein ufumu unachitika mu May 1953.

Zinthu zimene zinachititsa kuti Six Tsiku Nkhondo

zaka zitatu pambuyo coronation a Hussein Mfumu ya Jordan alowa m'malo akapitawo onse British mu ankhondo pa Jordanians. kusuntha anam'patsa kukhulupirika kwa asilikali.

Kuyambira m'ma 1960, Hussein anafuna kuthetsa mikangano Kupititsa ndi Israel mwamtendere. lamuloli Kodi sizigwirizana ndi zolinga za aku Iraq, Suriya ndi Iguputo akuluakulu, lotsogoledwa ndi Nasser, anali wolemera mukopedwe ndi utundu Arab, kukana mfundo ya kuti kuli dziko la Ayuda.

zinali zovuta chifukwa chakuti Palestina Arab magulu nkhondo yochokera ku Syria, Jordan ndi Aigupto, ndipo pofuna kukhazikitsa boma zawo, anayamba zigawenga nkhondo ntchito Israeli wa West Yerusalemu.

Pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka mavuto pakati pa mayiko Arab ndi Israel m'chilimwe cha 1967 zinachititsa mwachidule koma wamagazi Six Tsiku nkhondo zinachititsa kuti asilikali Jordanian anachotsedwa Bank West ndi East Yerusalemu, gulu lankhondo la Aigupto - kuchokera Sinai ndi Suriya - kuchokera Golan Heights .

Nkhondo itatha, Jordan wakhala akulandira kuchokera United States thandizo ndithu zachuma. US anafuna kuononga umodzi odana Israel kutsogolo Arab, ndi kuti mwina anapambana.

Mu September 1970, Mfumu Hussein wa Yorodano analamula kutulutsa mapangidwe Palestina Kumasuka Organization kwa dziko. Cholimbana zigaŵenga Palestina mpaka July 1971, pamene zikwi Palestinians anathamangitsidwa makamaka Lebanon. Komabe, Jordan sunasiye amanena ake ku Bank West ndi East Yerusalemu.

Yom Kippur Nkhondo

Pulezidenti Aigupto Anwar Sadat, Pulezidenti Siriya Hafez al-Assad ndi Hussein Mfumu ya Jordan anakumana mu yophukira oyambirira 1973, kukambirana n'zotheka nkhondo yatsopano ndi Israel. Hussein, chifukwa cha kuopa imfa zina dera anakana angapezekeko. Iye sanali kukhulupirira malonjezo a Sadat ndi PLO wapampando Yasira Arafata likhoza chigonjetso kulanda West Bank of Jordan. Usiku wa pa September 25, Hussein mobisa anaulukira kwa Tel Aviv ndi ndege kuchenjeza Nduna Israeli Golda Meir za kuwonongedwa pafupi.

October 6, 1973, ku Siriya ndi ku Iguputo anaukira Isiraeli popanda thandizo la Yordano. Kumenyana mpaka January 1974. Egypt anapezanso Sinai, koma ena m'deralo, linalanda ndi Israel pa Six Tsiku nkhondo, anakhala pansi pa ulamuliro wake.

Mtendere ndi Israel

Ngakhale kusaina wa 1978 Camp David mtendere pangano pakati Egypt ndi Israel, Jordan anapitiriza amadandaula kuti yotsirizira pa Bank West ndi yokhala pa nkhondo naye. Kenakonso nthawi yaitali zokambirana ndi pokambiranapo wa United States, mpaka potsiriza mu 1994, kapena yosainidwa Israel-Jordan Mtendere, chimene Jordan walola kulolerana m'dziko la Palestina ku Israel pa kudziyimira pawokha lapansi.

Hussein anapitiriza pokambiranapo ntchito mu zokambirana pakati pa Aisrayeli ndi Palestinians, amene mu 1997 zinachititsa kuti pangano pa achire yaitali la asilikali Israeli kuchokera m'mizinda yaikulu ku West Bank.

Matenda ndi imfa ya Mfumu Hussein

Kumapeto kwa July 1998 aliwerenge kuti Hussein anapezeka ndi khansa. Iye anapita ku chipatala cha Mayo ku United States, kumene msonkhano Inde mankhwala tima, amene Komabe, si kuti pakhale zotsatira ankafuna. Zinali wachiwiri nkhondo 62 wazaka mfumu ndi khansara; Iye anataya impso chifukwa matenda mu 1992. Pamene chiyembekezo chakuti matenda adzatha kugonjetsa anasiya Hussein yoikidwa m'malo mwake ndi mwana Abdullah mu February 1999, anabwerera Amman.

Atabwerera ku Yordano, iye anakumana ndi achibale awo, atumiki, mamembala a nyumba ya malamulo, nthumwi ena ndi makamu a nzika za Jordan, amene akuti akuluakulu Jordanian boma anasonkhana kwa anthu 3 miliyoni. masiku awiri atabwerera Korol Huseyn, mu mkhalidwe kukomoka thandizo yokumba moyo, sakukhudzidwa ndi makina moyo thandizo.

Pampando wake anali m'malo ndi Jordan Mfumu Abdullah II.

Hussein mfumu ya Jordan ndi mkazi wake,

Mfumu anakwatira kanayi. Mwa mkazi wake woyamba anali ndi mwana wamkazi Sharifa zina zotere. Banja ndi mkazi wake wachiwiri, ndi mngelezi Antoinette Gardner, ana Hussein zinayi: ana Abdullah (1962 tsamba, mphatso mfumu.) Ndipo Fysala ndi aakazi Aisha ndi Zayn. Chachitatu mkazi zina zotere, amene anafa pa ngozi ndege mu 1977, anabereka mwana wamkazi Haya Hussein ndi mwana wake Ali. Ndipo potsiriza, mkazi chachinayi Lisa anali mayi wa ana ena anayi: ana Hamza ndi Hasim ndi aakazi Iman ndi Raivo.

Mfumu atsopano a Jordan

Kunabweretsa dziko Korol Abdalla? Jordan ndi mafumu oyendetsera dziko limene mfumu akuzisunga mphamvu zambiri. chuma Jordan lakula kwambiri kuyambira pamenepo, pamene Abdullah anabwera mpando wachifumu mu 1999 chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ndalama zakunja, kufalikira kwa mchitidwe wa mabungwe onse-payekha ndi chilengedwe cha mabacteria angapo ufulu wochita malonda. Chifukwa cha kusintha awa, chitukuko m'mbuyo Jordan ali kawiri poyerekeza ndi theka lachiwiri la 1990 ndipo anafika 6% pa chaka.

zikayenda bwino zimene ena akhoza kulembedwa mu yogwira Korol Abdalla? Jordan pamene unachita ufulu wochita malonda pangano ndi United States, zomwe zinali wachitatu pangano amenewo kwa United States ndi woyamba ndi dziko ndi Arab.

The padziko lonse zachuma mavuto ndi wotsatira otchedwa "Arab Spring" zinachititsa kuti zandale ndi Jordan. Mu 2011-2012 gg. mu dziko nthawi panali zionetsero misa osakhutira zinthu akuchuluka zachuma. Komabe, bata ndi yake Politika Abdally akhale ndi kuchepa kwa dissent ziziyenda dziko.

moyo

Mosiyana ndi bambo ake, Mfumu Abdullah II wa Yorodano kutsatira maganizo ovomereza-European m'banja. mkazi wake yekhayo Rania anam'berekera ana anayi: ana Hussein (Korona Prince) ndi Hashim ndi aakazi Iman ndi Salma. Mkazi wa Mfumu Jordan anabadwa mu Kuwait wa makolo Palestina. Anaphunzira Kuwait, Egypt ndi United States. Pamaso wodziwa Ablalloy mu 1993, iye ankagwira ntchito ku Citibank ofesi Amman. Mkazi wa Mfumu wa Yorodano, chithunzi chimene chili m'munsimu, ndi munthu ano, wokangalika pa Intaneti YouTube, Facebook ndi Twitter. Rania amaona kuti njira yabwino kwambiri ya makono mkazi Arab, lopanda tsankho, koma kuika patsogolo kutsatira chikhalidwe banja.

Iye ali ndi maganizo kuti ana achifumu ayenera kudziwa moyo weniweniwo. Mfumu banja Yordani losiyana omasukirana kwambiri komanso demokalase, ndi ulemerero waukulu uwu wa ngakhale kale. Komabe, iye sataya ena mphindi zosangalatsa za malo ake achifumu ngati nsapato golide wolemera magalamu 400, tizinthu ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali.