Malvinas: mbiri. Mkangano pa Islands Malvinas

Malvinas - ndi zilumba yaing'ono imene ili mu South Atlantic Ocean. Amakhala 2 lalikulu ndi ambiri tating'ono ting'ono m'dziko, amene awerenge pafupifupi 776. malo onse pamodzi malo ndi 12 zikwi. ^Km2. Falklands - wachiwiri, ndi dzina wamba, chimene chimatchedwa Malvinas Islands. Ndondomeko ya malo chilumbachi - 51,75 ° S. yakumadzulo. Wa 59 °. d. Mbiri ya ngodya iyi pang'ono paradaiso chodetsedwa ndi kulimbana kwa limati awiri amene kuyesa kupeza malo kumbuyo kwake.

Mbiri ya chiyambi cha nkhondo ya

m'ma XVI zinali zodzaza ndi kutsegula kwa kuchuluka kwa madera kale unexplored. Malvinas Islands nazonso. Mkangano anatulukira awo zimatha mpaka tsopano. Argentina akulimbikira chakuti European woyamba popondapo phazi ndi phazi lomwe m'dera dziko, anakhala Spanish yapamadzi Esteban Gomez, ndipo izo zinachitika mu 1520. Koma Britain limati anatulukira kokha mu 1592 ndi John Briton Dejvice. History limatiuza kuti zaka zoposa 200 Spanish asilikali inali mu dera la chilumbachi. Mwachitsanzo Islands Malvinas anali mbali ya Spain. Koma mu 1810 Argentina analengeza ufulu nkhondo tidapita ku mayiko amenewa kunyumba. Zochitika mwakhama Argentina zinachititsa chakuti za zilumba Falkland chabe kuiwalika. khumi okha patapita zaka kapitawo Dzhyuetom ndi detachment wa Asilikali anafika ndipo analengeza ufulu mkhalidwe wawo pa gawo lino.

Chotero kufalitsa mphamvu inatenga zaka 12. Koma British panyanja ulendo anafika pachilumbachi ndi kutulutsa kusintha, subordinating Malvinas chilumba cha Great Britain. Argentina panthawi imeneyo anali akadali mtundu achinyamata ndi kuika kubweza ankhondo analephera. Komanso kusamutsa mbali ya dziko lawo mongotsatira malamulo kudziko lina, nawonso sinditi. Choncho, nkhondo pa Islands Malvinas zayamba chifukwa kulanda a m'dera lachilendo ndi England.

Fufuzani nyengo njira mtendere

Monga inu mukudziwa, UK ndi limodzi mwa mayiko waukulu atsamunda ku dziko. Koma mu zaka 60 za mazana makumi awiri, dongosolo inaonongeka. Argentina, masuku pamutu nkhaniyi ndipo anayesa adzapezanso mphamvu pa Falklands mwa zokambirana. Choncho, pachilumbachi panali airfield ndi foni nthawi imeneyi. Ambiri limati membala UN amapereka GGI. Koma England sanafune kupereka gawo pa mawu alionse. Pajatu sanali pafupi chidutswa cha dziko, limene lili kutali kwambiri ndi mbali yaikulu ya boma. The British ankafunitsitsa miyala ya zachilengedwe monga mafuta ndi gasi. Chinthu china chinali Britain anali pafupifupi okhawo mu kugwira m'madzi crustacean - krill ndi kuuza munthu iye sanali.

Ndiye mphamvu mu UK ankadziwika kuti onse Iron Lady Margaret Thatcher. Kukhala anayamba nkhondo ndi Argentina, iwo analimbitsa ake mphamvu. Malvinas (Falkland) Islands anapatsidwa udindo wapadera mu malamulo ake kubwerera England udindo boma lalikulu.

ubwino Argentine asilikali

England mkangano ndi Argentina pa Islands ndi Falkland (Malvinas) limeneli osati oyamba. Mu 1981, Argentina anakumana chiwembu usilikali ndipo anagwira mphamvu wolamulira Leopoldo Galtieri. Iye anangokhala kupambana thandizo kwa nzika wamba, mchigonjetso mwamsanga nkhondo pang'ono kunali kukwaniritsa tsogolo lake. Ndipotu, ngati anabwerera Malvinas, Argentina adzamuonetsa dziko kuti ndi amphamvu ndipo palokha boma.

Inayamba nkhondo

General Leopoldo Galtieri anazidziŵa kukonzekera ntchito kubwera kwa chilumbachi. Anaganiza dzina polemekeza sitima mkulu Dzhyueta - ". Rosario" Chiyambi anali kukhala 25 May 1982. deti limeneli anasankhidwa osati mwamwayi, kuyambira tsiku limenelo, Argentina chikondwerero tchuthi ake mayiko, amene pambuyo pake kulengeza monga Tsiku limene Islands Malvinas. Koma msilikali wa Argentinians zitengere wompereka ndi nzeru British analandira deta onse pa dongosolo lino. The poyankha zimenezi pa gawo la England, kunali sitima zapamadzi "wovutika" omwe anatumidwa apolisi madzi a South Atlantic. Nditamva izi, Leopoldo Galtieri anasamukira kuyambira pa April 2, 1982 ndi tsiku kuti asilikali Argentine tidakocheza pa Malvinas ndi mosavuta athane ndi gulu laling'ono la British.

England anatenga maganizo amphamvu, monga akukhulupirira kuti watikhumudwitsa zofuna zake dziko. Ndipo iye kuyembekezera thandizo lochokera ku mayiko onse a ku Ulaya. Latin America, pa dzanja lina, anali pa mbali Argentine, chifukwa Malvinas (Falkland) Islands, maganizo awo, kuyambira kalekale nthawi kuzindikira mphamvu ya kwawo pano. Koma France sanali kutenga malo bwino pankhondo imeneyi, chifukwa sinali yopindulitsa kusiya Argentina. dziko lino akugula ku France warplanes. Komanso, Republic of Peru ngati angakuthandizeni la Argentina ogulidwa kuchokera French mivi odana sitimayo.

Kuyang'ana pa US ndi USSR nkhondo

Mu nkhondo imeneyi, Soviet Union anali wokonzeka kuthandiza Argentina zida asilikali chifukwa kuchepetsa katundu chakudya mitengo. Koma pa nthawi, Soviet Union ndipo iye anali mu mkhalidwe nkhondo osathetsedwa zida (nkhondo Afghanistan). Choncho, thandizo onse amene anali Argentina, m'kukoma kulankhula nthawi yaitali pa misonkhano UN. Za ntchito sitili ngakhale kulemba. Ngakhale n'zosiyana chinachitika: Soviet Union monga nasamba manja anu ndi kwathunthu udachokamo mu nkhondo Anglo-Argentine.

The United States M'malo mwake, mu strontium ndi osasunthika. Pamene pulezidenti US anali Ronald Reagan, amene pambuyo zokopa silikhali Minister K. Weinberg imayendetsedwa ndi UK. US yomweyo woyikidwa ziletso ndi Argentina. Ndipo pa Council Security UN a ku United States, pamodzi ndi Britain vetoed chikalata pa Falklands nkhondo. limati awa awiri agwirizana ngakhale pa kuthekera kuika kukakamiza Soviet Union, ngati wasankha kanthu.

Yogwira ntchito ya usilikali

Pambuyo imalamulira chilumbachi Britain yomweyo anatumiza chachikulu panyanja kugwirizana kwa gawo anabwezedwa pansi pa ulamuliro wa British Korona. Pa April 12 1982 British Government anatenga mwa asilikali Malvinas Islands. Nkhondo pachimake. British Mlembi silikhali anati kuti ngati zombo Argentine kuti awonekere mu utali wozungulira wa makilomita 200 m'derali, iwo adzakhala yomweyo nakufwa. Anayankha Action Argentina anali kuletsedwa kwa ntchito ya English ntchito banki kuti nzika.

Argentina Aviation komanso sankakhoza zokwanira kutenga nawo mbali pa ntchito ya usilikali, makamaka yokonza asilikali ndiponso kupereka ndi zonse zofunikira. Izi zinachitika chifukwa chakuti ndege nkhondowo ndege sanathe kutera pa msewu wonyamukira ndege zinalili pa chisumbu, monga izo zinali waufupi kwambiri.

Ndi thandizo la United States, Britain ndi mwayi ntchito zawo m'munsi asilikali pa Ascension Island. Izo facilitates mwayi kumadera akumidzi. April 25 British analanda chilumba cha South Georgia, lomwe kale anali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Argentina. Asilikali linagonja ndipo anapereka malo ake wopanda nkhondo. Kenako anayamba gawo latsopano la nkhondo.

Gawo panyanja ndi mpweya kanthu

Pa May 1, 1982 Falklands m'dera kwathunthu munayamba nkhondo. ndege British ikuchitika anaukira Port Stanley ndi Argentina poyankha anatumiza ndege kuukira British zombo. Tsiku lotsatira panali chinthu chimene chakhala Argentina n'zovuta kwambiri mu nkhondo lonse. U-bwato anamiza cruiser British la mdani, chifukwa cha imfa ya anthu 323. Ichi chinali chifukwa kuti zombo Argentine anachoka ku kugombe la dziko lakwawo. Wamkulu nawo Nkhondo sanamvere.

Argentina anapeza yokha ndi vuto, ndi chiyembekezo imangokhala yokha pa ndege. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa zombo British unagonjetsedwa chakale ufulu nkugwa mabomba, zomwe nthawi zambiri si ngakhale wosweka.

Komanso mbali British anali zomvetsa chomwe chinadabwitsa dziko lonse. May 4 odana sitima mzinga, womasulidwa ku France, kwambiri zinkapezeka imodzi owononga United Kingdom. Ichi chinali chifukwa likumira ake. Koma ngati mivi pa nthawi imeneyo, Argentina anali ndi zaka zisanu zokha, zomwe zinachititsa kuti zikutha m'mayiko mofulumira katundu wa.

Bata usanafike mkuntho

Kuti asilikali Argentine yojambula zinachititsa kuti masabata awiri mwamtendere. Inde, kusiyana anapitiriza, koma iwo anali ochepa. Zikuphatikizapo Britain ntchito asilikali kuwononga 11 Argentine ndege pa mwala Island. Pa nthawi yomweyo, UN, anayesetsa zipani nkhondo ndi kukambirana mwamtendere. Koma palibe amene ankafuna kupereka. Argentina, nayenso anaganiza kuti avomere ziletso mayiko ena motsutsa izo. Iye analetsa kuuluka nzika zawo m'mayiko amene ayamba antiargentinskie ziletso.

nkhondo dziko

England ankakonza Asilikali zawo pamtunda pa zilumba. Izo zinachitika usiku pa 21 ndi 22 May. The ankafika zinachitika mu San Carlos Bay, pamene anali sayenera konse. Argentines kukana anali ofooka, koma mmawa wotsatira zinthu zasintha. mphamvu Air Argentine anaukira zombo amene nakocheza pa doko la.

May 25 mmodzi wa ndege adaombera pansi chombo British, amene anali kunyamula Helicopters. Patapita masiku angapo izo kumira. Ndipo dziko kumuwombera British kale malo amphamvu pa chilumba. May 28 m'dera la midzi Goose nrnam Darwin anali anaukira ndi mudzi wa asilikali Argentines, ndi chifukwa kuti pa nkhondo yovuta kwambiri, anakakamizika abwerere.

June 12, ndi zomvetsa katundu asilikali British wotanganidwa kale olamulidwa ndi Argentines okwera Lachiwiri-Alongo, Phiri Harriet ndi Moonies, Longdon. Pa 14 June ndi malo ena onse anali asilikali phunziro la England.

asilikali British kuti wozingidwa ndi nkhondo mzinda Argentine wa Stanley. Lamulo anamvetsa kuti kuwathandiza panalibe mmodzi akanabwera, kotero June 14 anasiya kulimbana ndi anagonja. Falkland Islands zinayambanso anabweretsa pansi pa ulamuliro wa Great Britain. Tsiku boma cha mapeto a nkhondo, ankaona pa 20 June. Pa tsiku lino, British wotanganidwa South Sandwich Islands.

Britain kwa nthawi yaitali sanalole Argentines 600 ku ukapolo pofuna kusintha kwawo kulemba zambiri zaphindu Mtendere.

zomvetsa pamagulu

Pa nkhondo 74 tsiku lankhondo Argentina anataya anthu 649, cruiser ina, sitima zapamadzi, ndi gunboat sitima zapamadzi anayi, nsomba trawler 22 kuukira ndege, omenyana 11, 100 ndege Helicopters. Mu ukapolo 11 chikwi. Man watengedwa. Komanso, kumveka bwino pambuyo pa nkhondo chinatayika 3 zambiri asilikali anatengedwa m'ndende Britain.

United Kingdom pankhondo imeneyi anataya anthu 258, frigates awiri, ofunkha awiri, beseni limodzi, ankafika wina m'chombo, ndi ndegeyo luso, Helicopters ndi ndege 34.

Mbali panopa mkangano

Nkhondo itatha, uchi mayiko chikumenyana ndipo alibe zinasaina pangano ofunda. Only m'chaka 90 ubale zamtendere inakhazikitsidwa kachiwiri. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, nkhondo ya kunakopa kachiwiri. Chifukwa cha ichi chinali kupeza kampani British chilolezo kwa mafuta padziko Islands Malvinas. Argentina ankatsutsa boma la zochitika, chifukwa mafuta Tingafinye adzachita gombe la boma.

Yankho Argentina anali komanso lamulo la 16 February 2010, lomwe limati kusambira mtunda wa makilomita 500 kuchokera ku doko la dziko ndi ufulu okhawo sitima mwalandira chilolezo kutero. Koma sindinasiye ku Britain, ndi nsanja mafuta kupanga anaikidwa pa February 21.

Mu 2013, anthu ali kamodzinso ikufotokoza ku zilumba Malvinas. The referendum, womwe kudziwa umembala wa dziko, anali kuonedwa 10 ndi 11 March. Anthu ndi mwayi kusankha okha, mukufuna mutalowa boma lililonse. Pamene zinali tallied, chinapezeka kuti chisankho kubwera 91% pa chilumbachi. Ndi chifukwa wosatsutsika wakuti 99,8% Great Britain anapambana, wosasiya mwayi wosonyeza Argentina a.

Choncho, m'zaka chatha panali nkhondo mwachidule pa Falkland kapena zilumba Malvinas. zilumba Shantarsky mu nyanja ya Okhotsk, ndi chinachake chofanana ndi zilumba zimenezi. Komanso kachidutswa kakang'ono wa dera la mphepete chokhala. Koma ngati mayiko awiri kusankha nkhondo izo, anthu ambiri adzafa. Mbiri ya Islands Falkland (Malvinas) akutsimikizira kuti Umapeza nkhondo zambiri zimenezo, cholinga komanso anakonza zochita Woyesana.

Mbiri za nkhondo yapita zachitika sindikudziwa ngati zimenezi. Ndi chodabwitsa wapadera. Ngakhale kuti anali wamfupi kwambiri, otsutsa anachita nkhondo aukali, ntchito Mwaichi kupambana onse atsopano a ndondomeko ya ntchito zamanja. Pakuti UK linalinso nkhondo patali kwambiri. Cholinga sanali gawo, ndi chuma kuti akanapereka dziko wopambana.