"Phwando": mwachidule. "Phwando" (Nekrasov) monga mutu wa ndakatuloyi "Ndani Limasintha Chabwino mu Russia?"

ndakatulo Nekrasov "amene akhala Chabwino mu Russia" analengedwa kwa zaka zoposa khumi. Izo zinachitika kuti otsiriza, wachinayi, anali mtsogoleri wa "Phwando." Mu komaliza, iye wapeza kutsirizitsa ena - amadziwika kuti wolemba ali anakwanitsa kukhazikitsa dongosolo kwathunthu. Izi anawonetseredwa mu chakuti wolemba kungotchula amadzitchula munthu wosangalala ku Russia. Iwo Grisha, amene anaganiza zoika moyo wake kutumikira anthu ndi dziko.

kulowa

Mu chaputala "Phwando" kanthu udzachitika pa magombe a mtsinje wa Volga, kunja kwa mzinda wa m'mudzi Vahlachina. Pali nthawi zonse ndi kuika zinthu zofunika kwambiri: maholide, nkhanza woyerekedwa lapansi. Phwando lalikulu ndi kale bwino kwa wowerenga Klim. Pafupi vahlakami, amene anali mkulu Vlas, parishi dikoni Trifon ndi ana ake: naintini Savvushka ndi Gregory ndi wochepa thupi, wotumbululuka nkhope, zitani, tsitsi lopotana, nakhala pansi, ndipo asanu ndi awiri a zilembo zazikulu za ndakatulo "Ndani Limasintha Chabwino mu Russia". Tidakhala pano monga anthu kuyembekezera bwato, ndi wosauka, amene anali woyendayenda zii mantis.

Alimi anasonkhana pansi pa msondodzi siili mwangozi. Chapter "Phwando pa uthenga dziko" Nekrasov zikugwirizana ndi nkhaniyo "lomaliza wobadwa" imene lipoti la imfa ya kalonga. Vahlaki anayamba nkuganiza chochita ndi meadows kuti tsopano iwo anali kuyembekeza kuti. Si nthawi zonse, koma izo zinachitika kuti wamba kugwa ngodya odalitsika a dziko lapansi ndi meadows ndi nkhuni. eni samaona yozungulira mkulu anasonkhana misonkho. vahlaki kuti ndikufuna pochitika Vlas meadows. Klim analengeza kuti izi oposa zokwanira kwa malipiro ndi misonkho mangawa, kutanthauza kuti mukhoza omasuka. Chimenechi ndicho chiyambi cha mutu ndi ndemanga zake. "Phwando" Nekrasov anapitiriza kulankhula ayankhe Vlas ndi makhalidwe ake.

munthu mtundu mtima

Chotero anaitana mkulu vahlaki. Iye anali wolemekezeka ndi chilungamo ndipo anayesa kuthandiza alimi, kuwateteza ku nkhanza a mwanaciro munda. Mu unyamata wake Vlas onse zoyembekezeredwa yabwino, koma kusintha kulikonse anagwira lonjezo mmodzi kapena uneneri. Kwa meya umenewu wakhala wosakhulupirira ndi wachisoni. Ndipo onse kusangalala ndi aliyense mwadzidzidzi anamugwira. Sanathe kukhulupirira kuti tsopano Komabe, pakubwera moyo popanda misonkho, ndodo ndi serfdom. Mtundu kumwetulira Vlas wolemba zikugwirizana ndi sunbeam ndi, kulemera padziko lonse. Ndipo watsopano, poyamba unexplored kumverera anabwera munthu aliyense. Kukondwerera, ngakhale atakhala chidebe, ndi chiyambi cha nyimbo. Mmodzi wa iwo, "mokondwera", anachita Grisha - pansipa wapatsidwa mwachidule.

"Phwando" zikuphatikizapo angapo nyimbo za moyo yaikulu ya m'mphawi lapansi.

Pa zambiri owawa

Pa pempho la ophunzira anasonkhana anakumbukira wowerengeka. Limanena za mmene chitetezo pa anthu amene kusonkhezera. Popeza mwininyumba adatenga munthu ng'ombe, woweruza anasankha nkhuku. Unenviable chigwera ana: atsikana kuyembekezera atumiki, ndi anyamata - utumiki yaitali. phokoso Sad pa maziko a nkhani izi abwerezedwa sapanga: "Ndi bwino kukhala anthu oyera Russia."

Ndiye vahlaki anaimba kwawo - za serfdom. Yemweyo chisoni mokondwera wowerengeka moyo silinakwaniritsidwe anatulukira.

"Corvee": Mwachidule

"Phwando" ndi za mmene angakhalire vahlakam ndi anansi awo. Nkhani yoyamba ndi za Kalinushka amene kumbuyo "azikongoletsa" kuti mabala - ndipo kawirikawiri kwambiri anawakwapula - ndi m'mimba kuchokera mankhusu vspuh. Mosimidwa iye apita malo omwera ndi limaleka vinyo chisoni - izo muzikhosomola Loweruka mkazi wake.

Kenako, limafotokoza nkhani ya mmene anthu avutika Vahlachiny Mwenechiroache mundu. Mu ntchito masana molimba, ndipo usiku kuyembekezera amithenga anatumiza atsikana. Manyazi salinso maso wina ndi mzake mayang'anidwe sanathe kusinthitsa mawu.

Mlimi loyandikana anauzidwa mwinimunda ku parishi anaganiza kukwapula munthu amene anganene mawu amphamvu. Namayalis - chifukwa popanda wamba amachita. Koma kupeza ufulu narugalis zambiri ...

Mutu wa "Phwando" akupitiriza nkhani ya ngwazi watsopano - Vikent'ev Alexandrovich. Choyamba ankatumikira pa Baron, ndiye anasamukira wolima lapansi. Iye adaapanga msangani wake.

The lackeys wokhulupirika Yakobo

Polivanov adagula m'mudzi chiphuphu ndi kukhala kumeneko zaka 33. Iye anali wotchuka ndi nkhanza: kupereka mwana wake mu ukwati, ndiye chosema ndi anathamangitsa wamng'ono. Pa nzika ena satero vodilsya, anali adyera kwambiri mowa. Kapolo Yakobo, amene anatumikira mokhulupirika iye adakali aang'ono, chifukwa palibe kumenya ndi chidendene pa kamwa, ndi njonda uliwonse holil njira ndi pachinyezi. Choncho awiriwo anapulumuka wokalamba. Anaima pa Polivanova miyendo wakwiya, ndipo alibe mankhwala anathandiza. Anali okonzeka kusewera makhadi koma mlongoyu mwininyumba a kukaona kuyenda. Yakov anadana mbuye wake anawatenga alendo. Mpaka ndiye chirichonse anapita mwamtendere. Inde, anakula wantchito ndi mphwake Gregory ankafuna kukwatira. Pamene iye anamva kuti mkwatibwi - Arish, Polivanov anakwiya: anaika diso pa iye. Ndipo anapatsa mkwati msilikali. Kwambiri kukhumudwa Yakobo, ndinayamba kumwa mowa. A njonda womasuka popanda mtumiki wokhulupirika, adapasa iye dzina ya m'bale wake. Izi ndi mbali yoyamba ya nkhani ndi ndemanga zake.

"Phwando" Nekrasov akupitiriza nkhani ya mmene Yakobo anaganiza kubwezera mphwake. Patapita kanthawi iye anabwerera kwa mbuye wake, iye analapa ndipo anayamba kutumikira. Izo basi kukhala wachisoni. Mwanjira anatenga kapolo mbuye tikacheze kwa mchemwali wake. Panjira mwadzidzidzi inasanduka chigwa, kumene nkhalango anali slum, ndipo anaima pansi m'nkhalango ya. Pamene anali unhitch akavalo, mantha mwininyumba anachonderera. Koma James chabe anaseka nkhanza, ndipo anayankha kuti aphe manja ake zauve. Wotetezedwa impso okwera mitengo ya paini ndi mutu wake omangika ndi ... The kukuwa mbuye, kuthamangira, koma palibe amene amamva. A kapolo pamwamba pa mutu ikulendewera wake, anatenga. Only mmawa wotsatira anaona Polivanova mlenje ndipo anayendetsa wa kwao. Kulangidwa mbuye yekha anadandaula kuti: "Ndachimwa! Kudzapereka ine! ".

Mtsutsano za ochimwa

The owerenga kaye, ndipo anthu anayamba kukangana. Ena chisoni Yakobo, ena - mwini. Ndipo tinayamba kusankha amene ndiyo uchimo: ndipo amisonkho, landlords, osawuka? Malonda Eremin otchedwa achifwamba, chimene chinapangitsa chochititsa manyazi ndi chopusa mwa Klima. mkanganowo posapita nthawi inafalikira ndewu. Kukonzanso wamalonda ndi munthu anaganiza atakhala mwakachetechete mpaka ndiye mantis Ionushka. Iye adaapanga msangani wake, amene adzapitiriza mwachidule chaputala "Phwando."

Za alendo ndi wogonera

Ionushka anayamba ndi chakuti anthu osowa pokhala ku Russia zambiri. Nthawi zina midzi yonseyo kumapempha. Anthu oterowo safuna kulima ndi kukolola, komanso alimi amangokhala hump nkhokwe dzina. Kumene, inadza oipa pakati pawo, monga woyenda-mbala, kapena wogonera, chinyengo wakudza kwa mbuye lapansi. Mumadziwika ndi munthu wakale, amene anayamba kuphunzitsa atsikana kuimba, koma aipsa iwo onse. Koma nthawi zambiri alendo - anthu ndife chikhalidwe monga Fomushka amene amakhala Mulungu, atavala unyolo ndi kudya mkate.

Iye anauza Ionushka ndi Kropilnikove amene anabwera Usolovo, kukaneneza m'mudzimo kulibe Mulungu, ndipo anawalangiza kupita ku nkhalango. Woyendayenda anafunsa kugonjera, n'kupita ku ndende, ndipo ananena kuti kudikira onse pamaso pa phiri, ndipo ngakhale zovuta zambiri. anthu mantha anabatizidwa, ndipo m'mawa kumudzi wina wapafupi asilikali anafika kwa amene anapita ndi usolovtsam. Apa uneneri Kropilnikova.

The "Phwando" Nekrasov ndi zikuphatikizapo kufotokoza wamba kanyumba, imene kaye Zakhozhiy woyendayenda. Banja lonse akugwira ntchito ndi kumvetsera kuyeza izo. Panthawi ina munthu wakale akutsikira nsapato zake, amene anakonza ndipo kuti mtsikanayo alibe zindikirani kuti analaswa chala chake. Ngakhale ana ndi kumvera amaundana, mutu wake ikulendewera shelufu. Kotero, izo ziribe ngakhale adziwa moyo Russian, iye akuyembekezera wofesa, amene adzasonyeza kunjira yolunjika.

About awiri ochimwa

Ndiyeno anauza Ionushka wa wakuba ndi Pan. Iye anamva nkhani ku Solovki Pitirim bambo.

achifwamba 12 akufalikira kutsogoleredwa ndi Kudeyar. Ambiri sakhala ndi kuphedwa. Koma mwanjira anagalamuka ku chikumbumtima Ataman, iye anayamba kuwona mithunzi ya akufa. Ndiye mabanga Kudeyar Captain, mutu wokonda, inasokonekera zigawenga mpeni litakwiliridwa pansi pa mtengo wathundu, nampatsa chuma chandalama. Ndipo panali machimo otmalivat. Iye ankayenda kwambiri, nulape, ndi kubwera kunyumba n'kukakhala pansi pa mtengo. Mulungu anatenga chifundo ndi kuulula, adzalandira chikhululukiro mwamsanga mpeni wake kudula mtengo amphamvu. A angapo zaka kudzipatula odulidwa thundu m'lifupi mwa atatu girth. Ndipo kamodzi Ine ndinayenda kwa iye poto wolemera. Glukhov anamwetulira ndi kunena kuti tiyenera kutsatira mfundo zake. Iye anawonjezera kuti yekha amalemekeza akazi amene amakonda vinyo, akapolo imawonongeka, ndipo amagona mwamtendere. Ndinabisa Kudeyar mkwiyo, ndipo iye analumphira mpeni wake mu chifuwa Pan. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndinagwa ndi thundu amphamvu. Choncho, ndakatulo "Ndani Limasintha Chabwino mu Russia" ziwonetsero, ngati mbala woyamba akhululukidwa pambuyo chilango choipa.

Tchimo m'mphawi

Ionushku anamvera, ndikuganiza. Ndipo Ignatius anafotokozanso kuti yomweyi ya tchimo lalikulu lonseli - wamba. Klim anakwiya, koma ndiye komabe anati, "Ndiuzeni ine." Ndicho chimene mtundu wa nkhani anamva anthu.

asilikali wina analandira kwa Mfumukazi mokhulupirika mu malo a miyoyo zikwi zitatu. Ndipo asanafe anapereka mkulu bokosi lamaliro, amene anali zofuna zake otsiriza: kumasula serfs onse pa chifuniro. Koma adadza wachibale, amene pambuyo pa malirowo, anaitanitsa mkulu m'mudzimo. Kuphunzira za bokosi lamaliro, iye analonjeza Gleb Freestyle ndi golide. Adyera mkulu pangano zopsereza ndi anadzudzula miyoyo yonse zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu ukapolo wosatha.

Vahlaki kung'ung'udza: "Ndithu tchimo lalikulu." Ndipo adamtengera wawo komanso tsogolo moyo mwakhama patsogolo pawo. Ndipo adagwa chete ndipo mwadzidzidzi omangika pamodzi "njala". Tikupereka mwachidule ( "Phwando" Nekrasov akuoneka kuti mavuto ambiri yakale ya anthu). Iye anazunzidwa munthu Mzere wa rye ndi atamuitana "Dozrey, mayi, kudya mkate phiri, sadzalola aliyense". Ngati m'matumbo wanu njala anayimba nyimbo vahlaki ndipo anapita ndowa ya. Grisha mwadzidzidzi anaona kuti chifukwa cha machimo onse - kumalumikiza. Klim yomweyo anafuula: "Pansi ndi" njala ". Ndipo iwo kulankhula za mwake, kutamanda Grisha.

"Msilikali"

Zinali m'bandakucha. Ignatius opezeka kugona mitengo ndi otchedwa Vlas. Anabwera anyamata ena, kupanga munthu wina kudya padziko lapansi anayamba kumumenya. Pa funso la alendo, izo, iye anayankha kuti: "Ine sindikudziwa. Koma chifukwa cha Tiskova chilango. " Choncho likukhalira - kachiwiri anauza dziko, ndiye pambuyo iye vinyo. Ndiye Hostess anapirira cheesecakes inde tsekwe, ndipo onse analumpha chakudya. Vahlakov cheered uthenga wakuti munthu akubwera.

Pa ngolo anali mnzanga wa onse Ovsyannikov - asilikali, mumapezera masewero pa spoons. Tinamufunsa kuimba. Ndipo kachiwiri anatsanulira nkhani zowawa za mmene kale anali msilikali anayesa kupeza choyenera pantchito. Komabe, mabala onse analandira anayeza inchi ndi kukanidwa: yachiwiri mlingo. Klim podpel nkhalamba, ndipo anthu pa khobiri koma pa groschen iye anafukula pamodzi ruble.

Mapeto a phwando

Only m'mawa anayamba kumwazikana vahlaki. Ndinakopeka m'nyumba ya bambo ake ndipo Savvushka Grisha. Iwo anayenda ndi anaimba kuti chimwemwe anthu ufulu. Komanso, wolemba anayamba nkhani za moyo wa Tryphon. Farm, iye sanasunge, idyani ena kugawa. Mkazi anali wachikondi, koma anafa oyambirira. Ana anaphunzira mu seminare. Kuti ndi mau ake.

"Phwando" Nekrasov anamaliza nyimbo Grisha. Kuthandiza makolo kunyumba, iye anapita kumunda. Tikukumbukira iye yekha nyimbo anaimba mayi, makamaka "Salt." Ndi N'zosadabwitsa. Mkate akanakhoza kukhala vahlakov kufunsa, koma kugula mchere. Kosatha kumizidwa mu moyo ndi kuphunzira: Economy undernourish ophunzira, kutenga zonse nokha. Zimadziŵa kuti mavuto wamba, Grisha ali zaka khumi ndi zisanu anaganiza nkhondo chimwemwe kwa osauka, koma Vahlachiny mbadwa. Ndipo tsopano, mchikakamizo cha zimene anamva, anayamba kuganizira za tsogolo la anthu, ndi malingaliro chinatsanulidwa nyimbo za kuphedwa kwa mwini malo za tsoka yaikulu ya Burlak (anaona atatu yodzaza mabwato pa Volga), za oipa ndiponso wodzaza, wamphamvu ndi wopanda Russia, chipulumutso anaona mphamvu ya anthu. Iwo anayatsa kuthetheka, namuwutsa gulu lalikulu chikukhudza palokha losagonjetseka mphamvu.