Azov mpando 1637 - 1642 mwachidule. Azov mpando Don Cossacks

History - sayansi ndi chisangalalo ndi chidwi. Zochitika za masiku apitawo chidwi ndi m'Matchalitchi expressiveness zawo ndi zazikulu, kuganiza ndi kuphunzitsa chitsanzo.

Komano, sayansi mbiri m'zigawozigawo kwambiri ndiponso zotsutsana. Mwachitsanzo, izo poyamba zinkaoneka ngati losavuta ndi wamba, sakuzindikira ife - anthu masiku ano kapena kuti pa masiku akale, izo zinkawoneka zofunika ndi zothandiza, tsopano mukhoza kuziwerenga opusa ndi mlandu.

Komabe, mu mbiri za dziko pali yowala mphindi zochitika zimene adakali ulemu monga mabuku zochita zozizwitsa, zinalembedwa ndi nthano, iwo angalambire ndi chitsanzo chawo.

Mmodzi zabwino Makanema mbiri ya Azov ndi mpando wa Don Cossacks (1637 - 1642). Mwachidule za nkhaniyi ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Koma kuti kumvetsa bwino nkhani zokambidwa, tiyeni choyamba tikupeza chifukwa. Kodi magulu omenyanawa anakhudzidwa Azov kuzinga mpando (1637 - 1642), ndi m'mbuyomo.

Don Cossacks

Don Cossack khamu inali mu chimene tsopano ndi Rostov ndi Volgograd m'madera komanso adalawa zigawo Lugansk ndi Donetsk. Don Cossacks ankatengedwa asilikali ochuluka kuposa asilikali onse Cossack wa Russian Ufumu.

Kutchula koyamba za pansi ikukhudzana bwanji ndi nthawi ya mu 1550, mwachitsanzo, pafupi zaka zana zisanachitike, tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti nthawi imeneyo, Don Cossacks anali palokha kwathunthu mu ubale ndi mayiko ozungulira. Kenako anakhala ndi kwambiri kugwirizana ndi tsar Russian, zingwe ndi Russian Ufumu adzidzidzi awo.

Mu chipembedzo Don anthu ankatchedwa Orthodox, koma mwa iwo anali ambiri ndithu okhulupirira akale, Abuda ndi Asilamu.

Turkey asilikali

yemwenso Azov zochitika mpando Turkey anali linakhazikitsidwa ndi lalikulu Ottoman a mitundu angapo tikukhala mu Asia Minor - Ahelene, ku Armenia, Ayuda a ku Georgia, Asuri ndi ena.

Turkey otchuka khalidwe lawo pankhondo, zokhumba Kupititsa ndi nkhanza khalidwe la nkhondo. Ambiri mwa anthu a Ottoman anali Asilamu.

Tsopano tiyeni tipeze chimene Don Cossacks ndi Turkey asankha nkhondo Azov linga.

History of Azov

Azov - mzinda m'kamwa mwa Don Mtsinje. Kale mu BC VI atumwi, izo zikanakhala zotheka kuganiza kuti idzachitike kwa kumenyana lalikulu lankhondo ndi nkhondo, mmodzi amene ndi mpando wa Azov Don Cossacks (1637-1642).

Anayambitsa Azov ndi Ahelene, amene anamanga pa phiri lalitali la mudziwo ndi dzina Tanais. Fifitini zaka mzindawo unali m'dera Tmutarakan ukulu wa Kievan Lazaro, kenako anagwidwa ndi Polovtsy, ndipo kenaka - asilikaliwa. Mu zaka XIII-XV pa dera la Azov ali ndi njuchi ku Italy Tana, wotchuka chifukwa malonda ake ndi mwanaalirenji.

Komabe, mu 1471 asilikali Ottoman alanda mzindawo, ndiponso akutembenukira ku linga wamphamvu atazunguliridwa ndi mkulu mpanda wamiyala ndi nsanja khumi. Mpanda umayang'anira steppes wa North Caucasus ndi wotsika Don.

Monga mmene taonera, Azov kwa zaka anali ndi zofunika njira udindo, chifukwa iye anali ndi malo yabwino ndi ulemu pa Nyanja ya Azov.

Choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti Cossacks ankafuna perekani dera palokha, choncho anafuna kusankha mzinda. Azov wakhala (1637 - 1642) anali zotsatira za kuukira awo pa linga.

Anawazunza ndi matenda

Kodi n'chiyani Azov mpando 1637-1642? Mwachidule za izi zikhoza kupezeka mu uthenga mbiri ya tsiku.

Popeza kuti Azov linga Azak, kapena (monga momwe anaitana), ndi gwero zonse ngozi asilikali ochokera Crimea Chitata, ndipo pa mbali ya Turkey khan. Chitata Turkey cholimbana Russian boma m'dziko kumawononga zambiri, anthu wamba ndi chuma cha mphamvu ambiri. minda unawononge- ndi minda, anapita anthu ukapolo, mantha ndi kusokonezeka kwa wamba - zonsezi kuchichepetsa mphamvu ndi ulemerero wa ulemerero Russian.

Komabe, tisaiwale kuti mbali ya Cossacks sanakhale ngongole kwa akagwiriridwa wapafupi. Pa anawazunza iwo anati zankhanza, kuukira - kuukira.

Kangapo Cossacks analanda Nyumbayi ndi yamalinga, anamasulidwa akaidi wawo natenga pamodzi nawo Anagwiranso mdani. Iwo agwidwa ndipo anawononga mzinda ndi kulipiritsa anthu ake msonkho ndithu mu mawonekedwe a mchere, ndalama ndi nsomba zida. yokopa amenewa anakonza wolimba Dontcov kuti losaiwalika ndi chidwi Azaka chitetezo wodziwika mu mbiri onse Azovskoe mpando Cossack (1637-1642). Mwachidule za adani a mtima angathe kuwerenga m'munsimu.

Chiyambi cha ntchito

Amene anasankha za adani a Azov? M'nyengo yozizira 1636 bungwe ambiri Cossacks asilikali anaganiza kuti m'pofunika ntchito ndawala pa mdani Azak ndi cholinga lophunzira mphamvu ndi maudindo onse obwera ndi cholowa chake.

Amithenga kuchokera ku mabwalo Cossack tapita ku midzi yonse kusonkhanitsa aliyense kwa anaukira zigawenga. Nkhondo tinali okonzeka anayi ndi theka zikwi Don Cossacks ndi chikwi Zaporozhye.

Bungwe ankhondo, zomwe anakumana mu mzinda ansembe yotchedwa, tsiku yeniyeni kuukira wofotokozedwa dongosolo ntchito ndi kusankha akuguba mtsogoleri. Kunapezeka kuti Mikhail Tatarinov - mwamuna wolimba mtima ndiponso wanzeru Cossack, amene ayenera kubwera ku Chitata, kapena kamodzi anali mkaidi awo.

kuukira Start

Kodi ena Azov (1637-1642)? Mwachidule n'zotheka kuphunzira kuchokera mkamwa ya mtsogoleri.

Iye analimbikitsa mnzake-mu-manja kupita ndi busurman osati usiku, mwakachetechete, ndipo masana, mutu wake zokhazokha.

Izi ndiye zimene zinacitika. Twente woyamba wa April Cossacks anadza kwa mpanda wa Azak mbali zonse - asilikali m'chombo ndi Don pa zombo bolodi, ndi gawo anali apakavalo m'mbali mwa nyanja.

Turkey anali kuyembekezera zachiwawawo. Iwo anali kuuzidwa za kukonzekera za Cossacks Turkey kazembe Thomas Kantakuzenom.

Choncho, pofuna oyamba analanda linga analephera.

Komanso, kapangidwe lokha, luso pomwe okonzeka. Chetyrehtysyachnoe kumbuyo asilikali asilikali tambirimbiri oyenda ndi angapo, omwe ambiri mfuti ndi zida zina.

Chigonjetso mwa Cossacks

Pamene chiyambi cha wotchuka mpando wa Azov (1637-1642)? mzinda Mzindawu unazingidwa miyezi iwiri. Ife anayesa mitundu yonse ya njira ndi njira. The Cossacks anayamba kukumba ngalande ndi ngalande likuomba mfuti pa makoma wandiweyani, kusonyeza sortie umodzi wa anazinga.

Potsiriza anaganiza njira yotulukira (umene unatha kuposa mwezi umodzi) ndi kubweretsa kwa mpanda, otchedwa "changa." Chifukwa chachikulu kuphulika chifukwa kusiyana (pafupi twente mamita awiri) mpanda kumbuyo, imene nkhondo anathyola mu mpanda wolimba kwambiri.

Icho chinali chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu June 1637.

Komabe, kulowa mu mzinda - theka nkhondo. Ziyeneranso kwathunthu kuulanda. Cossacks wolimba, yosalekerera yekha, nkhondo iliyonse inchi kwa nthawi yaitali linga.

Iwo anadzasokoneza nsanja anayi Azov, kumene anakakhala adani aliuma, ndiyeno melee nkhondo ndalangidwa ndi onse amene anayesetsa kukana, ndi kuwononga anthu onse a linga la.

Cossack Azak

Ndi yolanda Cossacks linga anamasulidwa zikwi ziwiri Asilavo wogwidwa mfuti adani ndipo analengeza mzinda ufulu Azov Akhristu. Old mpingo linga anali kachiwiri wodzipereka, izo unakhazikitsidwa malonda ndi paubale wa zandale ndi amalonda Russian ndi aku Iran.

Amene anakhala mwini Azaka atagwa linga, pamene mpando wa Azov (1637-1642 gg.)? Mwachidule funso limeneli ndi Russian Tsar yekha. Iye anakana kutenga malo achitetezo monga chuma cha Russia, kuopa akuswa pangano mtendere ndi mfumu ina Turkey. Choncho, eni kulamulira tawuni ankawaona Donskoy-Zaporozhye Cossacks.

Iwo smartly ankagulitsa anamanganso ndi yolimba m'linga, podziwa kuti malo eni wake wakale sanatenge nthawi yaitali.

Izi ndiye zimene zinacitika. Kumayambiriro a 1641 anayamba mpando lenileni la Azov (1637-1642 g).

Turkey kuukira

Sultan Ibrahim akha- kumanga asilikali amphamvu ndi ophunzitsidwa bwino. Asilikali ake, anaitana onse - Ahelene, Albania, Aluya, Serbia, kuti adzathe kugwirizana m'mayiko awo ankakonda linga Azak. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, chiwerengero cha Turkey-Chitata kuukira ranged ku zana amuna amphamvu mazana awiri ndi makumi zikwi yatsopano amene anali galleys mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu ndi zana mfuti wazingidwa.

Chiwerengero cha Cossacks pa nthawi ya zovuta, panali zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi (kuphatikizapo akazi amene anatenga nawo mbali mu chitetezo cha mzindawo).

Asilikali adani anali pansi pa lamulo la mkulu wodziwa mkulu Huseyin Pasha. The Cossacks asankha atsogoleri Nahumu Vasilyeva ndi Osip Petrov.

Kumayambiriro June Azak anali kuzungulira mbali zonse. Azov atakhala (1637-1642) anali pachimake. Don anthu mwamphamvu kumbuyo, koma mphamvu anali wosiyana.

Near mpanda wa Turkey anakumba ngalande zambiri zofunika mifuti ndi asilikali ndi kuukira. Izi Msampha wochenjera anachita hitters kufika kwa kuukira Cossack.

Ndiye Cossacks anayamba ntchito kumakutherani chisanadze anakumba kukonza forays zosayembekezereka mu msasa wa adani. Msampha umenewu wakhala ankanena miyoyo ya asilikali zikwi zingapo mdani.

Kuchokera mochedwa June anayamba shelling tsiku kwa mfuti lolemera. M'madera ambiri, makoma a linga anali ataphwasula pansi. Donets anakabisala mu kuya kwa nyumba akale.

kwezani kuzinga

Kwa kanthawi mpando wa Azov (1637-1642) zinali zodzaza ndi osayanjanitsika ndi. Turkey amayenera kuyembekezera reinforcements ku Istanbul mu mawonekedwe a chakudya, zida ndiponso anthu.

Mwa komanso kupanga njira zawo Cossacks mabwenzi okhulupirika, kuika kuti anawagwira amoyo Donahue madzi.

Imachitika nkhani zonse za kudzipereka zaufulu za mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Komabe, Don anthu kumvetsa zimene zili pambuyo pawo dziko la kwawo, sipangakhalenso analanda Janissaries, kotero simukugwirizana dongosolo lililonse ndi umafuna zosangalatsa ndiponso zabwino.

Pambuyo ndi bombardment kwambiri chiwawa sinathe usiku kapena usana. Koma kudali kanthu patsogolo. Cossacks molimba mtima anali chitetezo, osaima miniti iliyonse kuyankha kuti mabomba ochita kuponya.

Ndiye Turkey, undismayed, kutaya mphamvu ndi chikhulupiriro mwa iwo okha, anachotsa chilengedwe ndi kuyambiranso kuzinga chaka chotsatira.

kumapeto

Kodi inatha mtima Azov atakhala (1637-1642)? Don anthu, kuchititsa yaikulu mpaka kalekale kuvulaza lankhondo la adani, iwo anavutika zinthu yambiri ndi kuwonda: masauzande ochepa a zokometsera anaphedwa, anawononga linga anakhala zosafunika kwa wintering, kulimbikitsa chosowa chakudya ndi zida kusunga, boma la Russia anapitiriza amakana kuthandiza anazinga. Zonsezi zinachititsa kuti anthu Cossacks kuwononga mzinda pansi ndi kusiya Nyumbayi ndi mutu wake zokhazokha.

Izi zinachitika m'chilimwe cha 1642. Choncho anathetsa Azov atakhala (1637-1642) - woyenera kutamandidwa ndi onyenga ft ndi Cossacks.

zotsatira

Kodi phindu wabweretsa Russian anthu amunamuna a Azov mpando (1637-1642)?

1. Kumasulidwa zikwi Asilavo.
2. Mdani asilikali anataya katundu yaikulu.
3. Kukhazikika asapita zachuma pakati pa Cossacks ndi mitundu ina.
4. Analimbitsa abwino ndiponso dziko lawo mzimu wa Cossacks onse.
5. Azov mpando anali mmodzi wa masitepe woyamba kulowa Don Cossacks ndi asilikali achifumu.