Ibsen "A zidole Nyumba", kapena "Nora"

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka 19 ndi 20, pamene pafupifupi maiko onse pali akuluakulu zochitika oopsa, anabadwa mwa namatetule wa wolemba Ibsen banja. "A zidole Nyumba" - ntchito wolemba ichi, amatchedwanso "Nora", anasonyeza mzimu wa nthawi: maganizo opanduka, kukayikira, mavuto abwino, pofuna kupulumutsa nkhope ya munthu, ngakhale yovuta kwambiri ndi maganizo.

Anthu ambiri amene analemba m'zaka za m'ma 20 kusinkhasinkha za mavuto amenewa, n'kumaganiza mphepo ya kusintha komanso yayandikirayo. zochitika zikuluzikulu. anthu wamba, kwambiri, anakumana ndi nthawi yovuta metamorphosis ndipo anagwa maziko, ndi mayankho inu akufufuza mu AMD, mmodzi amene ndi chipatso cha "A zidole Nyumba." Henrik Ibsen wa Wolemba wina wa sukulu yakale, ndipo ntchito yake ndi organic kwambiri ndi nthenda yotaya zosavuta pepala kutsogolo akawafunse ndi m'kamwa mwa zisudzo, kotero nako kutchuka ngati wolemba za sewerolo, kukhala padziko lonse lapansi. Mu Russia, m'nthawi ya ntchito yake anaika makamaka Moscow Art Theatre.

Choncho, mtundu wa mavuto likusonyeza Ibsen "A zidole Kunyumba," komwe kuli palpable, ndi a maganizo, kuti wowerenga aliyense akhoza kupeza mu ngwazi ya sewero okha? Kodi amanena za mbiri ya wolemba. Wolemba wina anali mwamuna weniweni m'lingaliro tingachipeze powerenga mawu: wokhwimitsa, zosungika, moona, mfundo, amatha kudzipereka okha nsembe, ngati zinthu alamula kutero. Mbali yofunika kwa anthu a ankaona kuti mwambo wa ukwati ndi banja lonse, ndi funso la banja losangalala wotanganidwa wolemba. Ndipo woyamba amene sanazengereze kuunikila mphindi m'malo munthu ndipo kwambiri mu moyo wa mwamuna ndi mkazi, amene musanayambe zochitikazi payekha, anakhala Henrik Ibsen.

"A zidole Nyumba" - chipinda ntchito ndi ochepa kwambiri m'nkhaniyi. Antagonist ndi mkazi dzina lake Nora, mkazi wake ndi amake a ana, anazolowera kuona tanthauzo la kukhalapo m'banja ndi kukhalabe kunyumba. Koma moyo wake si katundu, chifukwa iye amakonda ndi ana, ndi mwamuna wake, ndipo onse zabwino, ngati si chinsinsi mdima. Pamene Torvald, mwamuna Nora a anadwala, iye amayenera kubwereka ndalama osati woyera kwambiri mu dzanja la munthu amene mwadzidzidzi watero ndipo akuyamba akuyendeni pansi mkaziyo. Moneylender akufuna alowe malo a banki kumene ntchito Torvald, ndi makalata pachiswe, mmodzi amene ndi zomwe sindikudziwa mwamuna wanga patsogolo. Iye anali wodabwa Iye anavumbula choonadi amene amakunenezani mkazi wake chinyengo ngati ali chigawenga weniweni - Iye amaopa kuti ntchito yake, iye akuopa kumuyalutsa ndipo safuna kuti kulekera maganizo a mkazi wake. Iwo ubwera chakuti Torvald nkhawa kuti kutilanda ufulu mkazi wake kuphunzitsa ana awo. Pamene zilakolako pachimake, ndi wopereka ngongole yakatapira * mwadzidzidzi amasiya zonena zake, maganizo wakukufunsani kwambiri kwa mkazi mantha.

Koma ngati sewerolo latha, chotero sanali Ibsen. "A zidole Nyumba" atseka mawindo ake kumbuyo amene sewero weniweni zinachitika. Torvald wokondwa kuti blackmailer sadzakhalanso kumuletsa kutsogolera moyo wabwino ndi kukhala ngati kanthu zinachitika. Koma Nora sanaiwale khalidwe la mwamuna wake ndipo amukhululukire. Iye amadziwa kuti anamanga nyumba yachifumu mu mlengalenga pa bodza, ndipo tsopano imagwera popanda pamaso pathu, chifukwa kunapezeka kuti nsembe zikutanthauza kanthu poyerekeza ndi udindo kukhala "woyenera" mkazi. Mkazi akusankha kuchoka pakhomo ndipo akunena za fateful kakasi kwa nthawi mawu amene iye koposa zonse, munthu, mayi kapena mkazi. Choncho Henrik Ibsen akulengeza za nkhani yolembedwa nthawi yatsopano kuti miyambo ayenera Patuka, kuti anthu amafunika kukhala mosiyana ndi akazi - kukhala mamembala wofanana anthu.