Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa Mayakovsky. Mayakovsky ndi Lilya Brik

Amene Vladimir Mayakovsky anali? Genius kapena monga ndakatulo? Chachikulu ichi ndakatulo ya Silver Age amadziwika kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo bwino za kuli kovuta kuti anene chirichonse. Iye anali ndipo adzakhala chinsinsi chifukwa ngakhale admirers chodzipereka kwambiri za ntchito yake. Koma mbiri yake, malo kanthu mmenemo ndi pang'ono, koma zauzimu yosungira umunthu a ndakatulo iyi sikukudziŵika. Kuti osachepera pang'ono kumvetsa maganizo ndi malingaliro mawu chachikulu ichi ziboliboli, muyenera kuphunzira mfundo chidwi ndi moyo wa Mayakovsky.

mbiri yamoyo ndi maphunziro

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky anabadwa pa July 7, 1893 m'chigawo Kutaisi, m'mudzi wa Baghdadi. makolo onse anali mbadwa mwachindunji kwa Cossacks. wolemba ndakatulo lalikulu la atate wake - Vladimir K. - anali cholowa fuko lomveka, koma ntchito ndi nkhalango. Mayi Pavlenko AA, mbamphedza ana, kupatula Vladimir m'banja anali ndi ana awiri.

learning

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1902 mpaka 1906, wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo anaphunzira pa zolimbitsa thupi la Kutaisi, pamene, mwinamwake, anatha alidziwe anzeru aufulu-demokalase. Mu 1905, iye anatenga gawo mu chionetsero chachikulu cha unyamata Russian ndi Chijojiya.

Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa Mayakovsky kutsimikizira kuti bambo ake anafera ku needlestick kuti zinachititsa kuipitsidwa wa magazi. Pambuyo pa imfa ya mtsogoleri wa Mayakovsky banja banja anasamukira ku Moscow mu 1906.

chikhalidwe Financial inali yovuta kwambiri, choncho mu 1908, Vladimir Mayakovsky anachotsedwa sukulu Moscow, chifukwa mayi ake analibe ndalama zopititsira tuition. Komabe, chifukwa cha luso mu luso zithunzi, iye analandira kuphunzira pa Stroganov School. Koma kuno kuphunzira ndakatulo sukupita bwino chifukwa cha maganizo ake pandale.

ukaidi

Mu 1908, ambiri a maumboni a moyo wa Mayakovsky zikhulupiriro zake zandale kunachititsa chakuti iye anali m'ndende. Amangidwe ndakatulo iyi imatchedwa kuti chosintha mukubwadamuka, amene anakhala pakati kalasi ntchito. Koma sizinali nthawi yotsiriza, Mayakovsky kenako kumangidwa kawiri. Pambuyo mapeto a lotsatira, unachitikira mu ndende Butyrka, izo zinatha Mayakovsky anasiya potenga gawo mu ntchito ya chipani.

Ngakhale zovuta za ndiye chakudya cha Mayakovsky, nthawi imeneyi, potsiriza anapanga wake za ndale, ndipo anaphunzira mfundo za Marxism ndi kalasi kulimbana kwa Bolsheviks. Ambiri mwina, maganizo a ndakatulo wamng'ono anali penapake chikondi, ndipo iye sali amadziwa zonse zimene zinali kuchitika m'bwalolo ndale pa nthawi imeneyo, koma nthawi iyi anaganiza kuyesa chigoba cha "mtsogoleri." Ndi pamene panali mfundo chidwi ndi moyo wa Mayakovsky, chifukwa ichi ndi pamene iye anayamba kulemba ndakatulo yake yoyamba, limene kenako anali osankhidwa ndi atumiki m'ndende.

Lilya Brik mu moyo ndakatulo ndi

Mu moyo, Mayakovsky Lilya Brik ali ndi malo apadera. Iye anali imasonkhezera wake, chibwenzi chake, chizindikirocho wake. Mofanana ndi mlengi aliyense, wolemba ndakatulo ndi inspirer wake womangidwa ubwenzi yovuta kwambiri.

Chikondi makona Mayakovsky ndi Brik anali zamkhutu, ngakhale mu Moscow pa 20-ntchentche, umene panthawi imeneyo ankadabwa popitilira chiyero ubale munthu. Mayakovsky ndi Lilya Brik sanabise mtima wawo kwambiri n'zosadabwitsa Osip Brik, ndi yovomerezeka mkazi Lily, nayenso, osati zotsutsana ndi boma la zochitika.

Imasonkhezera Mayakovsky anathandiza chilengedwe cha ntchito yatsopano, Ndipotu iye anali anazindikira kuti m'pofunika kwambiri kuti kulenga, ndipo ankafunika chisoni. Sitingathe kunena kuti njerwa anali wodzipereka mwamtheradi mu malingaliro ake kwa ndakatulo iyi, koma kuti zimatikhudza motani ntchito yake, osanenapo inu simungakhoze.

Tatiana Yakovleva

Yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa Mayakovsky ankaimba mkazi wina, anali Russian émigré Tatiana Yakovleva, amene ankakhala mu Paris. Ngakhale kuti iye anakana ndakatulo kwambiri, anapanga kuchita amazipanga chikondi. Mayakovsky kuvala ndi duwa kugula ndalama ndithu chikhalidwe chimodzi, kuti kangapo pa mlungu Yakovleva anabweretsa maluwa "ndi Mayakovsky."

Ngakhale pambuyo pa imfa ya ndakatulo ndi imasonkhezera anapitiriza maluwa akubwera, amene panthawi ya nkhondo anapulumutsa lake asafe ndi njala. Ngakhale zimene wolemba ndakatulo Yakovlev kukondana, sichinayambe anatsimikizira, iye zoyenera si ndakatulo ndi.

Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa Mayakovsky

• anthu ochepa mukudziwa, koma ndakatulo chachikulu wopatsa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri anaperekedwa kwa okalamba anthu ndalama. Iye anapeza okalamba ndi ndalama anagwirizana nawo, nafuna kukhala anonymous.
• Mayakovsky mwakhama ntchito kupeza abwino kwambiri, nyimbo changwiro chimene kukwana mu ndakatulo m'zonse. Iye amakhoza kupita 15-20 Km mpaka mutapeza ndendende zimene mukufuna.
• Lodziwika ndi nkhani zimene amanena kuti ndakatulo ndi zojambulajambula wotchuka Repin. Pa msonkhano wawo woyamba wa zojambula anali ndithu kudabwa mgoza mapini Mayakovsky ndipo anapereka kujambula chithunzi chake. Pamene Mayakovsky analinso pa Repin, iye anali amazipanga anadabwa, chifukwa mwamsanga pamene ndakatulo anavula chipewa chake, wa zojambula anaona kuti mapini tsopano bulauni litametedwa "pansi ziro a."

• Mayakovsky ndi Lilya Brik, amene asapita anavutika kuchepetsa zoona, ali kwambiri tandem mlengi ndi imasonkhezera. Swedish banja Brik ndi Mayakovsky analenga zinthu zabwino osati kulankhulana ndi Lily. M'moyo ndakatulo anatenga mbali ndi Osip Brik yekha. Iye anakonza zopumira ndi kalembedwe ndakatulo namatetule Mlengi. Ndicho ubwenzi woterewu zachilendo zogwirizana anthu awa atatu.
• Mayakovsky anakhala mlengi wa wotchuka "makwerero." Pa mbali ya wolemba ankangofuna chinyengo, chifukwa pa nthawi zingati chiwerengero cha mizere olembedwa mu ndime, ndipo "makwerero" Anatsogolera chakuti iye anali kutenga 2-3 kuposa anzawo.

zaka zambiri kuchokera imfa ya ndakatulo chachikulu, ndi za iye pamaso Ndiyeno, kumbukirani, izo akadali kusukulu, inagwira mawu mavesi kwa madona mitima chikondi anyamata, akadali ndi moyo mu mitima ya mafani awo. Zilandiridwenso kuti, kugwira ntchito, kulenga, amene akufuna kuthetsa - kuti ndakatulo amenewa analenga ndakatulo ya namatetule, amene sizidzakumbukiridwa kupyola mu mibadwo.