Lamulungu 47 "Berkut": photos, katundu. N'chifukwa pafupi polojekiti?

Ndege zomangamanga, makamaka dera asilikali, ife nthawizonse anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi - kutalika kwa malire ndi chachikulu, koma chifukwa palibe ndege nkhondowo mwa njira iliyonse. Ngakhale mu zaka 90 gawo uyu anatha kupulumuka. Mwina wina akukumbukira kuoneka zazikulu za C-37, lomwe kenako anayamba mu Lamulungu 47 "Berkut". Zotsatira za maonekedwe ake yakhala ikukula, ndi umisiri wachititsa chidwi zosaneneka osati dziko lathu komanso kunja. N'chifukwa chiyani?

mfundo zikuluzikulu pulogalamu

chakuti ndege ali chidwi padziko lonse chifukwa cha mapiko patsogolo chinapululutsa. Chisangalalo kunali kuti zokambirana ngakhale masiku ano polojekiti Pak FA kuti zochitika zimenezo sangafikire. Akatswiri onse pakuloseredwa zatsopano zosangalatsa chitukuko mtsogolo ndi kudabwa pamene kodi Lamulungu 47 asilikali "Berkut". Chifukwa tsekani ntchito ngati izo zonse zinali zodabwitsa kwambiri? Pa izi, komanso zikuluzikulu za chitukuko cha ndege lero ndipo ife kulankhula.

"Top chinsinsi" chinthu

Amadziwika kuti zinachitika woyamba adakwatira mlengalenga pafupi Moscow kumapeto kwa September 1997. Koma Mfundo linakhalapo anadziwika kale kwambiri. Kale kumapeto kwa chaka cha 1994, atolankhani Western mobwerezabwereza analemba kuti Russia kusiyana ena ndege chinsinsi. Ngakhale ukutchulidwa dzina zikusonyeza - ndi C-32. Ambiri Zikuoneka kuti chinsinsi cha mfundo za kukhalapo kwa ndege wakhala zithandize ife, chifukwa TV ndiponso mayiko kumadzulo ya zikulilima n'zosiyana analemba poyera.

M'banja yomweyo asilikali luso okonda analandira kutsimikizira mfundo imeneyi mpaka chaka cha 1996. Mu periodicals zoweta chithunzi anawonekera, nthawi yomweyo anachititsa ndi mafunso ambiri. Zinali ndege awiri: mmodzi wa iwo ndi zovuta ndikuganiza Lamulungu 27, koma galimoto chachiwiri sanali zinthu zofanana. Choyamba, zinali wakuda kwathunthu, kuti zoweta Air Force si lililonse, ndipo kachiwiri, anali chinapululutsa mapiko. Pambuyo wina wa miyezi (ndipo izi n'zosadabwitsa) mu TV chomwecho achilendo ndi chiwembu mwachilungamo mwatsatanetsatane ndege yatsopano. Ngati munthu sanaganize anali Lamulungu 47 "Berkut".

Ambiri, kuchuluka mwachinsinsi kusunga zonse yemweyo analephera: kunapezeka ina kuti ntchito ntchito anayambitsa wa 80. Pambuyo kugwa Soviet Union anaonekera ankalamulira pafupifupi onse mudziwe ngati zimenezi, "zonse mwadzidzidzi." Komabe, n'zosadabwitsa.

Kodi izo zonse zinayamba

Mu 70s mochedwa kasamalidwe onse pamwamba wa USSR Air Force akuganizira strategy ndege zaka kubwera. Kale mu 1981, pulogalamu unayambitsidwa, cholinga ndicho kukhala "womenya latsopano kwa '90s." Waukulu Maofesi yoikidwiratu Mikoyan. Koma utsogoleri wa polojekiti Sukhoi sanaphule akuluakulu kuti alipo Lamulungu 27 ndi maziko chidwi kwa wamakono, ndipo tiyenera kukhala ndi makina alipo osati "reinvent ndi wheel".

Monga pa nthawi CEO wa CB anakhala MP Simonov, amene koma anasiya zokwera modernize ndi kupereka kulenga chinachake zatsopano. Izi zimadalira chifukwa chakuti okonza ankafunitsitsa kuti ayese njira zosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa, popanda chiopsezo "kuwotcha" ntchito analephera: vuto la kulephera akhoza zimachitika ndi watsopano onse. Komabe, ngakhale panali Sitikukayika kuti zimenezi zidzakhala wapatali kwambiri Mulimonsemo, osachepera ku sayansi ndi zomangamanga pamaso.

N'chifukwa chiyani kusankha "cholakwika" mapiko?

Kotero, n'chifukwa chiyani upainiya Lamulungu 47 "Berkut" anali phiko forwardswept? Poyerekeza mapangidwe ochiritsira, izo anali ndi ubwino kwambiri:

• aerodynamics kwambiri, ngakhale imathamanga otsika, ntchito imeneyi Tingaone yomweyo.
• Chapamwamba buoyancy, kuposa za kapangidwe tingachipeze powerenga za mapiko.
• Kukweza makhalidwe akuchitira pa zinthu zofunika ndi ndegeyo.
• N'zochititsa chidwi zokayikitsa kupita "akhungu" tailspin.
• Wokongola mayikidwe - monga zinthu katundu mwankhanza ya phiko kusuntha kwa mchira, mu chipinda chapakati adzamasulidwa danga kwambiri dongosolo zomveka za zipolopolo.

mavuto structural

Zonsezi pamwambapa ndi theoretically n'zotheka kulenga womenya kwenikweni wangwiro. Koma ngati izo zinali zabwino, asilikali dziko kalekale kuyambira zimauluka pa ndege amenewa. Popeza kuti tili kuthetsa mavuto kapangidwe zovuta polenga makina awa:

• The divergence zotanuka wa mapiko a. Mwachidule, izi sitingazipeze wokhota imathamanga ena. zodabwitsazi, ndi njira, kukumana ndi Nazi Germany, kumene kunali kopitirira kuti akonze ndege ofanana. Yankho lomveka anali kuonjezera chinthu chimodzimodzi kwa pazipita lapansi.
• Zikuchepa chinawonjezeka kulemera kwa ndegeyo. Pamene mapiko a zinthu zosiyanasiyana pamene izo zifika lolemera kwambiri.
• Kuwonjezeka ndi kuukoka koyefishienti. Kasinthidwe yeniyeni ya phiko amatsogolera ndi kuwonjezeka mu kukana dera zotsatira zake.
• Mwamphamvu nkani cholinga kuuluka bwino potsatira njira, imene pafupifupi kumatha piloting akagwiritsidwewa zinthu zambiri: amafuna ndi "wochenjera" zamagetsi ziziyenda.

Okonza nazo zochuluka za thukuta kuthetsa mavuto amenewa, kotero kuti Lamulungu 47 "Berkut" akhoza bwinobwino kuwuluka.

Waukulu zamakono njira

Zokwanira msanga kudziwa waukulu luso zothetsera. Kukwaniritsa kuuma akufuna, koma siti zimamuchulukira kukonza Phiko anaganiza pazipita zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya CHIKWANGWANI. N'kotheka, ife waive zitsulo aliyense. Koma ndiye kunapezeka kuti zonse opangidwa mu USSR injini ndege sakanakhoza cholinga chofunika, choncho ntchito ndi yochepa mochedwa.

C-37, ndi preimage loyamba

Apa ndiAmene wa Lamulungu 47 (S-37) "Berkut" wagwa pa nthawi yovuta. Mfundo ntchito zambiri azidzakhala chifukwa kukula mavuto a zachuma, koma linalowererapo Navy utsogoleri, amene anamuuza kuti a kaonedwe womenya ndege chonyamulira ofotokoza. Kumayambiriro kwa 90s, ndi ofufuza anabwerera ku mutu wa mapiko pa zikulilima kumbuyo, ntchito zonse zilipo pa nthawi ya ntchito. Kwenikweni, ndiye anaonekera "Berkut" Lamulungu 47 ntchito.

Zikayenda opanga ndi akatswiri

Kupambana kwambiri opanga akhoza bwinobwino kuganiza kuti chilengedwe cha luso lapadera la zotsimikizira mbali yaitali zipangizo zovuta gulu. Komanso anatha kukwaniritsa mwatsatanetsatane aatali ku doko awo. Motalikitsa gawo la ndege Lamulungu 47 "Berkut", chithunzi chimene inu mukhoza kuwona m'nkhani ino ndi mamita asanu ndi atatu m'litali. Mwachidule, mfundo pang'ono, onse a iwo ndi lolondola apamwamba ogwirizana ndi mzake, kwambiri chepetse chiwerengero cha chamangiriridwa ndi zimfundo riveted. Izi ndi amadza zabwino zonse pa chinthu chimodzimodzi ndiponso aerodynamics mu ndegeyo.

Misa ntchito ndege akuyandikira tonnes 20, ndi osachepera 14% inali yovuta nsanganizo. Pakuti zosabvuta pazipita tsatanetsatane kuyesera makina serially umatulutsa. Choncho, nyali, galimotoyo chiwerengero cha zinthu zina structural labwinobwino anasamukira ku Lamulungu 47 "Berkut" Chabwino kuchokera wake "kholo" analephera - SU 27.

M'mphepete mwa kutsogolo kwa otsetsereka mapiko ndi 20 °, kumbuyo khoma la mtengo ndi 37 °. Muzu mbali ya wapadera kupasuka, kulola kuti kwambiri kuchepetsa koyefishienti kuukoka chaonekera. Pafupifupi anthu onse a phiko m'mphepete amatenga mechanization lonse. Onse a kamangidwe kake - nsanganizo mosalekeza, ndi% 10 okha imagwera pa oyika zitsulo anawonjezera kuti tikwaniritse mphamvu chofunika ndi stiffness.

kasamalidwe

Mwachindunji pa mbali ya zakudya mpweya ali onse akuyenda yopingasa mchira lomwe lili trapezoidal mawonekedwe. Khamu mchira ndi zinkachitikanso pa mawonekedwe chinapululutsa. Ofukula mchira ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi zonse mofanana Lamulungu 27, koma malo ake okwana ali kwambiri zazikulu. Izi anali zimatheka ndi kusintha kwambiri kukonza: zinali kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, choncho zamitundu anagwa.

Mtanda Chigawo cha fuselage pafupi ndi chowulungika kunja nduna ndi kwambiri "nanyambita" ndipo monga bwino ngati nkotheka. Uta wa kusintha zazing'ono anali pafupi kwathunthu anaitenga ku Lamulungu 27. Pa mbali ya cockpit anaika yosavuta, mulibe malamulo oletsa intakes mpweya. Pamwamba pa fuselage komanso zilipo, koma woyendetsa amatha kulamulira m'dera lawo, amene anadza pansi ayendetsa kwambiri, zinthu zofunika kapena ankafika. Monga mukuonera pa chithunzi, pa mbali ya nozzles za Lamulungu 47 "Berkut" makhalidwe amene tikukambiranawa, pali tinatake tozungulira kakang'ono m'kati amene Rada kapena zipangizo zina akhoza adzaikidwa.

magetsi

Popeza kuti palibe anali siyabwino, injini anayikidwa pa chitsanzo ndege turbofan D-30F11. Iwo, poyamba, ntchito MiG 31. Adabwezera galimoto izi momveka sikokwanira, koma ankaganiza kuti m'tsogolo adzatha kukhala kwambiri mkulu-makokedwe ndi chitsanzo ndalama. Komabe, ngakhale pa zinthu zofunika kulemera matani 25,5 makhalidwe a Motors awa anali oposa zovomerezeka. Pa okwera mkulu ndege liwiro anafika 2.2 zikwi Km / h pa mlingo nyanja, chithunzi ichi chinali 1.5 zikwi Km / h.. The pazipita osiyanasiyana - 3.3 zikwi makilomita, "denga" kutalika - makilomita 18.

Zipangizo armament

Zifukwa zoonekeratu, mbali weniweni wa zida adakwera amadziwika pang'ono kwambiri. Inu ndiye kuganiza kuti mbali ya unasamutsidwira Lamulungu 27. Dongosolo navigation masuku yodalirika deta zenizeni nthawi makina ankhondo. Amadziwika kuti ndege mpando ejection choikidwacho chitsanzo K-36DM, ndi losiyana kwambiri ku zitsanzo mmene ulimi. chakuti nsana wake lili pa 30 ° kwa yopingasa.

Ankachita zimenezi pofuna oyendetsa akanakhoza mosavuta kusuntha zimamuchulukira zikuluzikulu zimene zinachitika pa kwambiri machenjerero imathamanga kwambiri. Malinga ndi kafukufuku zilipo, amazilamulira ena atengedwa mwachindunji ku omenyana zina, ndipo monga "mwiniwake" nthawi zambiri ntchito ndi Lamulungu 27.

Popeza ndegeyo anali kokha komanso sanali onyamula zida mfundo (kapena zambiri za izo chinsinsi). Koma phiko pa kuchuluka kumanzere bwino malo owoneka pansi Cannon ndi zodziwikiratu (pali umboni wosonyeza kuti zinachitika zake kuika chomwecho), ndi pakati pa alumikizana ali ndi wotakasuka chipinda bomba armament. Asayansi ndi asilikali mawu amodzi kuti ntchitoyo ndi kuthamangitsa yekha anayesedwa makhalidwe zouluka mtundu uwu makina, koma chifukwa cha zida zina wapadera akhala pa bolodi Lamulungu 47 "Berkut". Chifukwa tsekani ntchito, amene anasonyeza kale kuti ndithu zingamuthandize?

Chifukwa cha zomwe polojekiti chinatsekedwa?

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chiyesedwe yogwira zinachitika izi chinakhalapo mpaka m'ma 2000s. ntchito zinali kutsekedwa chifukwa poyamba ankafuna kuti woyendetsa ndege. zipangizo zonse zimene zakhala anapeza mu njira ya ntchito zimenezi ndithu wapatali. Global kulakwitsa kuganiza kuti anali wachisanu-m'badwo womenya. Lamulungu 47 "Berkut" - yekha zinachitika ake, koma chofunika kwambiri. Kotero, ife tikudziwa kale kuti chapakati bomba Bay ndi pafupifupi zofanana kwa izo pa atsopano Pak FA. Ndithudi otsiriza anaonekera osati mwangozi ... Only usilikali mukudziwa momwe nambalayi maganizo luso ndege chingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'tsogolo. Mukhonza onetsetsani kuti padzakhala kwambiri.

tsogolo

Ngakhale kutsekedwa ongolankhula polojekiti, chitsanzo cha Lamulungu 47 "Berkut" akadali amachititsa kutsutsana mkangano pamanambala zoweta ndi achilendo: Akatswiri amanena kuti pali chiyembekezo mtundu wa makina. zikwi za ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njira imeneyi kukambirana. Ndipo komabe palibe kugwirizana za zomwe zikuyembekezera ndege ofanana m'tsogolo: kaya kumaliza anaiwalika, kapena kulanda World onse BBC pa phula. Ambiri amavomereza kuti chopinga chachikulu kwa kusintha padziko lonse zenizeni mtengo wa zipangizo ndi njira zamakono ntchito polenga "Berkut".

Cacikulu ntchitoyi zambiri kuonedwa bwino. Ngakhale Lamulungu 47 "Berkut" ndipo anali kuloŵedwa m'malo (ngakhale inu konse) omenyana atsopano, ndi vuto la "mbewa woyera", iye analimbana kwakukuru. Chotero, izo zinali kuthamanga mu ambiri a zinthu zatsopano, zomwe zimagwiranso wachinsinsi. Mwina, mu chitukuko cha zipangizo ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wa ndondomeko ya kulenga ena ma polima zovuta, ife kachiwiri kuona ndege lokongola kumwamba, kwenikweni amatikumbutsa chisomo cha mbalame yolusa.