Kudalirika - ndi ... luso kudalirika. chitetezo chinthu

Masiku ano sakuganiza linakhalapo, popanda njira zosiyanasiyana zimene moyo wosalira ndi kuzipanga izo owopsa. zida aliyense ntchito kwenikweni ofunika chitetezo awo. khalidwe limeneli makamaka anachokera ku zina - kudalirika.

Ndi otani? Komanso, liwu lake? Ndipo kodi iye amatanthauza chiyani kwenikweni? Tiyeni kuthana!

tanthauzo

Choncho, kudalirika - amatha kupulumutsa katundu zinthu zimene akufuna ndipo makhalidwe luso kwa nthawi inayake imeneyi. Komanso, mbali likutsindika kuthekera kupulumutsa onse khalidwe akonzedwa afotokoze ndi / kapena kwambiri, zinthu monyanyira.

Mu chilungamo tisaiwale kuti kudalirika kwa - ndi mfundo zovuta kuti sangathe anafotokoza mwachidule. Makamaka mu njira ya tanthauzo pamwamba ndi kukodzedwa kwa mfundo zingapo zomwe zikugwirizana kwambiri kwa wina ndi mzake. Tiyeni tione aliyense wa iwo.

Pa kudalilika luso

Sayansi, zodalirika angadziŵike yekha ndi chinthu chimene amakwaniritsa zofuna anayi mwakamodzi, kapena kani, ndi zinthu zimene ziyenera kunachokera makhalidwe ake ndi katundu. Kukhala kosavuta kumvetsa tanthauzo limeneli, tiyenera kupereka mndandanda wa iwo:

• Monga tanena kale, kudalirika - mphamvu ya kuchita pa nthawi amapanga chibadidwe ntchito chipangizo. Mwachitsanzo, galimoto magetsi ayenera kugula kuchuluka bwino chimatanthauza mphamvu ndi kupereka kuika kasinthasintha liwiro. Tikapitiliza nkhani imeneyi, ndiye mphamvu dongosolo okwanira zofunika kuti athe kupereka voteji zolondola, amene mtengo zitha zosiyanasiyana malire womangika kwambiri.
• Magwiridwe ntchito ntchito komanso muzichita kokha malire sayansi kuti anawaika ndi Mlengi chipangizo. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito injini chofunika pansi momwe zachilengedwe ziriri kuti sikumachititsa kuti uwonongedwe.
• Ndipotu, ngati chofunika khola ntchito zinthu yafumbi malo, chipangizo ayenera kupereka mu pakuti bola ngati nthawi imeneyi ngati nkotheka. Onani kuti lino ndi makhalidwe pamwambapa cha kudalirika chofunika kuthamanga.
• Chinthu, mwa zina, chofunika kuti athe kusunga zonse tingachidziwe luso, osati malo kugwira ntchito, komanso pa mpumulo. Choncho, injini galimoto ayenera (phunziro kwa zinthu zina) kukhala okonzeka kuthamanga, ngakhale galimoto kutsogolo kwa kuima mu nkhonya kwa miyezi ingapo kapena zaka.

mfundo wogwirizira

Choncho, zodalirika za - khalidwe limeneli ndi lofunika yofunika kwambiri iliyonse chinthu. Mwina palibe sangakhale mu chitsutso kapena wothira mfundo zina Mkhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, mbewu mankhwala mpweya mafakitale akhoza kukhala wokongola kwambiri mu mtengo, ndi mphamvu yake particulates msampha mpweya ndi kuchuluka kwambiri. Ndizo basi palibe uthenga yaitali bwanji deta akhoza kusungidwa makhalidwe, ogulidwa ake ndi choopsa kwambiri, ndipo zambiri kwathunthu achabechabe.

M'malo mwake, mu specifications chipangizo angakhale Unyinji wa nkhani zodalirika, koma mawu onse zimene ndendende makhalidwe nyamayi. Choncho, tanthauzo la kudalirika pazikhalanso onse a zinthu izi.

ena pokha-mvu

Malinga ndi cholinga cha chinthu kudalirika - lofanana ndi zodalirika, maintainability, durability. Kuyenera anamvetsetsa kuti khalidwe limeneli amaona potenga okha nkhani makhalidwe a chinthu yokha. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ife unrecoverable sensa mu nyumba womata, kudalirika ndi kuthekera kukhala ndi thanzi awo anapatsidwa nthawi imeneyi chifukwa cha izo. Mwachidule, ngati chipangizo imeneyi, popanda kulephera miyezi 12 pa chitsimikizo pachaka, tiyenera kuiona ngati mokwanira odalirika.

Komabe, pali kuchotserapo malamulo amenewa okhwima. Kumbukirani momwe ife tinali kuyankhula za galimoto kuti ali ndi kusamalira zachilengedwe? Pankhaniyi, kudalirika - osati lofanana ndi mawu akuti "kudalirika", kutanthauza ndi poyambira atangochimwa injini, ndi "moyo wautali" ndi "maintainability". Palibe munthu angathe akutsimikizira kuti injini adzayamba yomweyo, ndipo popanda vuto ntchito.

Odalirika magetsi amayenda kupirira yosungirako (ndi zinthu zambiri kapena zochepa abwino) ndi kutha liziyenda pambuyo ntchito iliyonse yokonza. Choncho, kuonetsetsa kudalirika - mndandanda wa miyeso zofunika, amene umalimbana kuwonjezeka Mwina vuto lililonse, yosalala ntchito zida, machitidwe ndi lonse mafakitale maofesi.

Nthawi zambiri zofunika kwambiri ndi luso chipangizo ataimirira kuti tsiku lomalizira ake a ntchito popanda kusokonezeka zazikulu yokonza zofunika. Izi makamaka zikugwira ntchito kwa zinthu zimene ayenera opareshoni mavuto kwambiri.

Kodi ayenera kutsatira potaya kudalirika kwa chinthu?

Monga ulamuliro, opanga Tikutsatira GOST 27.002-89 "Wodalirika mu luso. Mfundo. Matanthauzo", umene zichokera pafupifupi mfundo zonse za kudalirika anatengera mu dziko zigawo luso ndi mafakitale. Komabe, mfundo imeneyi chimakwirira osati maganizo onse, koma chifukwa nthawizina ife kuchita kufotokoza.

Nthawi yomweyo kuganizira mitundu ya kudalirika. sayansi yamakono zikusonyeza kuti pali awiri okha:

• Resiliency amafotokozera, dongosolo chinthu.
• Mtendere wa zovuta wonse.

mfundo izi osati chikugwirizana, koma zichokere nawatsimikizira kwa mnzake. Ndipo chifukwa tikambirana mawu ambiri, kumvetsa wamba.

mfundo yaikulu ya chiphunzitso kudalirika: chinthu amafotokozera ndi dongosolo

Chinthu chimene mtundu wa mankhwala luso zimene ziyenera kuunikira kwa gawo kapangidwe kuti yoperekera kwa ogula. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pansi tanthauzo Izi zikuphatikizapo osati zinthu payekha, komanso machitidwe zovuta kwambiri: makina, nyumba, maofesi a nyumba ndi machitidwe mafakitale.

Choncho, dongosolo amatanthauza mndandanda wa zinthu ogwirizana ndi ena ntchito wamba kuti ayenera kuchita. Chomwecho mchitidwe monga akhoza anaganiza, wotchedwa ang'ono yofunika mbali ya chinthu ndi ntchito yeniyeni. Aliyense mchitidwe payokha zimadalira Mwachangu ndi lodalirika luso dongosolo lonse ambiri.

Zikhulupiriro zonsezi wachibale ndithu, popeza Tingaone ndi mzake. Choncho, chinthu kafukufuku tinganene kuti dongosolo (monga palokha ndi mndandanda wa zinthu), kapena kukhala chinthu osiyana ngati ankaona pamaso pa kaphatikizidwe kamakompyuta lalikulu ndi zovuta akumidzi.

Mwachidule, zidalira pa sikelo kuti chofunika kuti n'komwe mu maphunziro. Izi ndi zimene chiphunzitso kudalilika, omwe tsopano kalekale anatuluka ngati woima ndi zofunika kwambiri nthambi sayansi.

Ubale pakati pa munthu ndi makina

Anthu amene ntchito ntchito makina ndi zipangizo kupanga komanso zikhalidwe zosiyana kachitidwe. N'zokhudza wina ndi mnzake ndi zimagwirira. Systems kucheza mu nthawi yeniyeni. Kumasonyeza kukhulupirika kwawo ndiponso kudalirika ndi ubwenzi pakati pa zinthu structural ndi zinthu wina ndi mzake.

Pa limati zotheka kwa chinthu

Tikumbukenso kuti aliyense chinthu anapatsidwa nthawi imeneyi kungakhale mu khalidwe linalake. Ilo lachokera izi zidalira pa magawo enieni kudalirika. Tiyeni muzindandalike:

• Wabwino. Pankhaniyi, chinthu chimene kwathunthu mogwirizana ndi magawo onse zolimbana, amene kuwonjezekeredwa mmenemo ndi Mlengi.
• Wolakwika iwo anazindikira pamene imodzi mwa magawo awa si kukumana specifications anakonzeratu.
• Umoyo wa chinthu angachichite ntchito zake zonse zazikulu, ndi mtengo wa zizindikiro anakhazikitsa adzakhala mkati mwa mfundo luso. Kumbukirani kuti chipangizo zosalongosoka akhoza anayamba, koma sitinganene kuti ntchito ndiponso kudalirika zokhazikitsidwa adzakhala likunena kuchepa mpaka sanafanane ndi ziro.
• Downtime - mkhalidwe umene chinthu si kukumana zidayika malangizo ake luso, ndipo simungathe kuchita ntchito zake. Kudalirika mu nkhani iyi, kukambirana sukupita konse.

Malire boma kudalirika

Pokambirana kudalirika kwa kachitidwe luso, chofunika kwambiri ndi mfundo za boma malire. Mwachidule, vuto otchedwa imene ntchito zina za makina kapena chipangizo amakhala yosagwira ndi / kapena zosatheka. A chikhalidwe ofanana kumachitika chifukwa kulephera kapena pakutchulidwa wa lalikulu nkhani iliyonse zopindika mavuto. Choncho, kuyesa ntchito amakhala zoopsa, monga chipangizo zikuoneka kulephera ndi kugwa.

Zizindikiro Kuchepetsa matenda amakhazikitsa Mlengi, mmene mfundo kusonyeza kuti chinthu Ufumuyo specifications luso. Chaka chilichonse pali kuwonjezereka ambiri kudalirika chifukwa njira wamkulu zamakono kupanga, koma deta onse Mlengi apereka, pa pempho la ogula.

ndi zizindikiro wamba chikhalidwe Kuchepetsa chiyani?

Monga tanena kale, pali mitundu iwiri ya zinthu:

• Restorable otchedwa amafotokozera amene ntchito akhoza ayambirenso mokwanira, ndipo m'mikhalidwe muyezo.
• Choncho, sanali recoverable chinthu ndi ntchito imodzi yomwe sikutheka kuti adzikonzenso. Mulimonsemo, m'mikhalidwe muyezo.

Pakuti aliyense m'gulu, pali zizindikiro zina wamba, amene angathe oterewa chikhalidwe Kuchepetsa. Kumene, kudalirika kwa kachitidwe luso mu nkhani iyi kudzakhala osiyana: ngati (dongosolo) Amakhala ndi chinthu osakwatiwa, amene si amenable zochita konzanso, ntchito ya kudalirika yake idzakhala ziro. Ngati chinthu akhoza anakonza (kapena m'malo mwa munthu amene sangathe anakonza) kanjedza kwenikweni kubweretsa kubwerera mwakale.

Koma zinthu zimene sangathe kukonzedwa, ndiye malire boma iwo abwera pa mphindi kwambiri pamene wotopa chitsimikizo nthawi kapena zinthu zina, omwe anakhazikitsidwa ndi Mlengi. The Tinganenenso chimodzimodzi za chitukuko ya kololeka pazipita imene ntchito zina chipangizo amakhala alakwitsa oopsa. Nthawi zina, imaŵerengedwa chitetezo china. Chilinganizo ndi losavuta:

Maf = Li / LB

Tiyeni tipeze tanthauzo la zosintha ndi:

• Li - ubwino wachilengedwe mlingo kulephera;
• LB - chigawo kulephera mlingo.

Ife kuwerengera ndalama kulephera

Kuchita izi, ntchito aone kuti pali zotsatirazi:

L (i) = N (T) / (NT * Deuteronomo)

• L (T) - chiwerengero cha kha.
• NT - pafupifupi chiwerengero cha zinthu mu dongosolo.
• N (T) - chiwerengero cha zolakwa patatha winawake wa nthawi.
• Deuteronomo - nawonso axiom ndi kutalika kwa nthawi imene inu kuchita chiwerengero cha mavuto ndi kachitidwe.

Zofunika! The chizindikiro cha mtengo Mtheradi wachotsedwa zolephera mabuku apadera pakuyenerera. ndi osiyana kwambiri lililonse mafakitale, mudzabweretsa mndandanda yaikulu masamba a nkhaniyi, sitiri okhoza mwathupi kuti.

Kuwerengetsa kudalilika chinthu, inu mosavuta kupeza zokhudza zimene amayembekezera chinthu. chithunzi ali m'munsi, wodalirika kwambiri m'pofunika kuzindikira chipangizo, galimoto kapena nyumba.

Za kubwezeretsa zinthu

Monga vuto yapita, mukubwera malire kukachitika kuti ntchito zina amakhala sangathe kapena kosathandiza kwambiri. Zikatero ayenera kuganizira kuchotsedwa zinthu zingapo:

• Kusunga chinthu pa osachepera ndi otetezeka ndi / kapena ntchito mlingo kumakhala kovuta kapena odula kwambiri.
• Chifukwa, kuvala chipangizo kapena makina kubwera ku mkhalidwe ngati kuti n'kosavuta ndipo otchipa chinthu chomwecho.

Nthawi zina, Mlengi amaona kuti mmene Kuchepetsa kumachitika pa nthawi imene kuchotsedwa mavuto anasonkhanitsa tiyenera tikonze yekha ndi kupanga kukonza yaikulu. Mfundo izo si ololera chifukwa kumathandiza mavuto oopsa ambiri. Choncho, ponena za mawu "kudalirika" - Kutukula, maintainability.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pa ntchito chinthu mwina ndi matenda ena, limene ife tsopano tikambirane.

Kupita zinthu limati zosiyanasiyana pa ntchito yake

• Kuwononga - chochitika wopangidwa mu siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo la Kutukula kwa chinthu pokhalabe magwiridwe ake.
• Chodzikanira - chochitika ndi kuphwanya chinthu dzuwa.
• Muyezo kulephera - chizindikiro kapena akaphatikiza zace, malinga ndi Kupeza wa wolephera.
• Kuchira - ndondomeko kupeza ndi kuchotsa kulephera (breakage) kuti abwezeretse ake (kuti ntchito) mphamvu opaleshoni.

Othandiza kusanthula kudalirika

Pamene akatswiri nawo kusanthula nkhani za kudalilika, galimoto kapena nyumba, chifukwa iwo ndi ofunika kwambiri ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mwanzeru. zimene angachite ngati kulephera. Kungoganiza kuti chinthu ongolankhula wabwezeretsedwa, koma m'mikhalidwe ena, kukonza zidzakhala kosathandiza ndi / kapena zosatheka, ndi nzeru kumasulira mu gulu la anthu omwe sanali kukonza.

Mwachitsanzo, nyengo Kanema. Pa mamangidwe ake dziko, kumanga ndi kuyesa limakhudza zinthu recoverable. Pamene iye anatengedwa mu kanjira, Mwina kukonzedwa amamuchititsa ziro, choncho kudalirika kwa bwino pulogalamuyi.

mfundo zodalirika chosaoneka ndi maso

Kale tinakuuzanitu kuti amasanthula chiphunzitso zodalirika, pamene izo zifika ku zinthu zakuthupi: zinthu, zipangizo, makina, sitima, ndege, etc. Koma ngati ena mwa mfundo zimenezi zitagwiritsidwa ntchito chifaniziro kwambiri wamba? Kodi Mwachitsanzo, kudziwa kudalirika kwa mabanki? Ndipotu, iwo alibe wopanga kuti Ndibwino kukatenga zopereka zanu pambuyo pakutchulidwa wa tsiku lomalizira ndi!?

Mfundo pali njira, ndipo mu nkhani iyi, ngakhale kudalilika mtima opangidwa ndi zizindikiro zina zingapo. Tiyeni mndandanda, kodi i ayenera kulabadira Choyamba:

• Kapangidwe ka bungwe chuma, mwachidule oyambitsa ake.
• Amene anayambitsa ntchito.
• Reviews, maganizo makasitomala, ndi mankhwala a zaka zosachepera ziwiri kapena zitatu. Kuti mudziwe zaposachedwapa ndi bwino kuti asamvere pa onse.
• Chiwerengero chachikulu cha madipoziti ndi ngongole.
• Kupereka ukutitsimikizira banki.

Choyamba, muyenera khutu ku zikuchokera oyambitsa lapansi. Mayina ena yomweyo kuti anthu wodziwa kuti kulankhulana ndi banki safunikira izo. Nthawi zonse amayesetsa choonadi: ngati malo kapena zikalata constituent, zomwe zilipo ankalamulira, mfundo zimenezi palibe, kuyang'ana pa mndandanda wa mabungwe kuti pena ikukhudzana bwanji ndi bungwe ili. Ngati iwo ali (ngakhale kutali kale) kunapezeka kuti zikutanthauza kuti imapha zoipa ndalama, ndi bwino kuyang'ana malo abwino kwa ndalama zawo.

Umo ndi momwe anatsimikiza kudalirika kwa mabanki. Ngati item chimodzi pa mndandanda zokambidwa pamwambapa ikuchititsa ndimagwirizana wanu ndi njakata, kuti kwambiri analangizidwa kuti ntchito makondomu a bungwe imeneyi ndalama.