Pawiri wapakamwa mkhalidwe. Anapereka pawiri wapakamwa mkhalidwe

Pawiri wapakamwa mkhalidwe - mkhalidwe ali, zida chikukhudza: gawo yothandizira, amene akutumikira monga mneni wothandiza (conjugated mitundu), limene tanthauzo kalembedwe wa mkhalidwe (ndingaliro, nthawi), ndi mbali yaikulu - ndi kalekale mtundu wa mneni, amene akufotokoza za kufunika kwake kwa gawo lexical. Likukhalira chilinganizo amenewa: mneni wothandiza + infinitive = GHS.

zinthu lumikiza conjugated mneni infinitive

Popeza aliyense kuphatikiza mneni conjugated ndi infinitive anasonyeza pawiri wapakamwa mkhalidwe, ayenera kukwaniritsa zotsatirazi zinthu ziwiri:

• Wothandiza gawo kukhala lexically nepolnoznachnoy. Izi zikutanthauza kuti popanda infinitive wa mneni wothandiza sikokwanira kumvetsa tanthauzo la mawuwo. Mwachitsanzo: Ndikufuna - chochita; Ine ndiyamba - zoyenera kuchita? Pali kuchotserapo: ngati mneni ophatikizana "mneni + infinitive" kwambiri, ndiye izo zifika ndi mkhalidwe losavuta mawu, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti zochita infinitive monga mbali yachiwiri ya m'sentensi. Mwachitsanzo: "Ruslan wabwera (mapeto chiyani?) Chakudya."

• Zimene infinitive ndi ayenera likugwirizana phunziro, koma uku kumatchedwa infinitive wa subjectivity. Apo ayi, T. E. Ngati zochita za infinitive ndi zokhudzana yemwenso ndi bwana (kutanthauza kuti infinitive ndi chinthu), kenako infinitive si mbali ya mkhalidwe, ndipo akutumikira membala sekondale. Yerekezerani: 1) Iye akufuna kuimba. Mu chitsanzo ichi mkhalidwe mneni pawiri anasonyeza kuphatikiza wapakamwa - Ine ndikufuna kuti ndiyimbe. Ife tikupeza izi, akufuna - iye ndidzayimba - iye anati. 2) Ndinamufunsa kuimba. pempholo lili wapakamwa mkhalidwe yosavuta - ndipo anapempha kuti ndizipeza - kuimba. Ameneyo amafunsidwa - Ndili ndi ndidzayimba - iye anati.

Wothandiza mneni. losafunika

Mu mneni wothandiza kungakhale mfundo zotsatirazi:

• Gawo - limasonyeza chiyambi, kupitiriza, kuchotsa kanthu. Khalidwe limeneli akhoza kasewenzetsedwe ka mau amenewa wamba: kukhala tiyeni, kuyamba, kupitiriza, kukhala, kubwera, siyani, siyani, siyani, ndi ena.
• Modal - zikusonyeza kufunika, pamaziko, khalidwe, luso, maganizo kuwunika ntchito, etc. Khalidwe limeneli akhoza kukhala kasewenzetsedwe ka mau awa ndi Zining'a: athe, kufuna kukhala wokhoza, chilakolako mukufuna, amakana, yesani, yesani, kuwerengera, kusamalira, ang'ono .. kuyesa kuganiza mofulumira azolowere anadodoma, kukonda, zowawa, kudana, mantha, mantha, mantha, manyazi, moto chilakolako kupempha, kuti cholinga kuti mwayi ndi chizolowezi, lonjezo, ndipo ena.

Anapereka pawiri wapakamwa mkhalidwe:

• Iye anayamba kukonzekera kusuntha. Iye anapitiriza kukonzera kusuntha. Wotchedwa Dmitry kusuta. Iwo anayamba kulankhula za mavuto a moyo wamakono.
• Iye amadziwa kuimba. Iye akufuna kuimba. Akuchita mantha kuimba. Iye amakonda kuimba. Iye amachita manyazi kuimba. Iye amayembekezera kuimba nyimbo iyi.

Pawiri wapakamwa mkhalidwe. Zitsanzo za njira ya mawu

mkhalidwe izi zikhoza akuti:

• Modal kasewenzetsedwe ka mau - athe, ndikufuna ndi ena.
• Mneni zimene zikusonyeza gawo la kanthu - ukutha, kuyamba, etc ...
• Mneni amene amatanthauza wounikira maganizo a kanthu - kuopa, chikondi.

Mitolo mu gulu wapakamwa mkhalidwe

Poyambirira, ife ndinayang'ana pa mfundo zimene mukhoza kukhala mbali wothandiza, ndipo tsopano ona zimene angakhale mitolo mu mkhalidwe wapakamwa:

• Short adjectives kuti kutumikira kasewenzetsedwe ka mau wothandiza. Iwo kwenikweni kudyedwa ndi gulu - mneni kuti: iwo ankayenera kuti titembenuzire makilomita awiri kumanzere.
• Momwe mawu Kukhala mtengo akanatha, chomuvutitsa, pamaziko: ndikofunikira kuti mukulitse awo kudziwa. M'pofunika kuphunzira chinenero.
• Mawu osonyeza kuti wounikira maganizo anachita, ndilo lotchedwa infinitive, ndicho :. Kokasangalala, achisoni, kunyansidwa, achisoni, etc. Mwachitsanzo, mu masiku chilimwe bwino amayendayenda birch munda.

Zambiri ndi pawiri wapakamwa mkhalidwe. Chachikulu kusiyana

Aliyense mkhalidwe kwenikweni kumabweretsa mphamvu awiri awa:

• galamala, amene n'chakuti nthawi, tsiku, maganizo, banja, munthu;
• tanthauzo umalengeza kanthu;

Koma monga momwe ndi mkhalidwe yosavuta mosavuta kupirira workloads onse pogwiritsa ntchito mawu umodzi. Ndipo mu wapakamwa mkhalidwe mawu awiri gawo katundu pakati pawo. Mwachitsanzo:

• kalembedwe ndi zamalankhulidwe mneni kuzimwera mu umodzi mwachibadwa ndi: sewero;
• kalembedwe tanthauzo amanyamula mneni wothandiza - inayambika, ndipo infinitive ndi tanthauzo - kusewera.

Kodi disassemble mkhalidwe?

Choyamba, muyenera mwachindunji mtundu wa mkhalidwe alipo. Ndipo, kachiwiri, kuti uzipereke zotengera malingaliridwe infinitive, amene anasonyeza mbali yaikulu, mtengo wa gawo wothandiza (modal, gawo) mtundu wa mneni, chimene chimaoneka gawo wothandiza.

Chitsanzo.

Mkazi wakale n'cholinga choti kubuula kachiwiri.

Pawiri wapakamwa mkhalidwe - tiyeni kubuula. Kudandaula - ichi ndi mbali yaikulu ya subjectivity anasonyeza infinitive. Kanthu - gawo wothandiza ndi mtengo gawo ndipo anasonyeza mneni zinapita nthawi zimasonyeza maganizo.

Wapakamwa ndi mwadzina predicates. Chachikulu kusiyana

Monga wapakamwa gulu, mwadzina mkhalidwe lili zigawo ziwiri:

• gulu (mneni mawonekedwe conjugated) - akuthandiza gawo, limene lakonzedwa kufotokoza tanthauzo kalembedwe (ndingaliro, nthawi);
• gawo dzina (kapena dzina la adverb ndi) - zambiri pofotokoza tanthauzo lexical.

Nazi zitsanzo ndi mkhalidwe mwadzina: inasanduka dokotala, iye anali dokotala, anali kudwala, iye anali kudwala, iye anafika woyamba.

Atalingaliranso zigawo zikuluzikulu za mkhalidwe mwadzina, inu mukhoza kufanizira iwo ndi zigawo za mkhalidwe mawu. Chotero kodi ndendende mkhalidwe wapakamwa muli zigawo ziwiri. Mbali wamba kuti loyamba ndi gawo lachiwiri la mneni wothandiza amachita mawonekedwe conjugated wa mneni. Koma chachikulu mbali wapakamwa mkhalidwe infinitive amuchita, ndi m'dzina - dzina la nauni kapena adverb.

Vuto wapakamwa mkhalidwe

Wapakamwa mkhalidwe kungavute ndi osakaniza:

• kasewenzetsedwe ka mau awiri;
• mneni ndi particles osiyanasiyana.

Taganizirani za mavuto wapakamwa mkhalidwe. Iwo angayambe chifukwa:

• kasewenzetsedwe ka mau awiri mu mawonekedwe chimodzimodzi, motero munthu ayenera amasonyeza kanthu, ndipo chachiwiri - cholinga cha zochita (ofanana kuyenda, kupita udzayenda kukhala wofunika);
• kubwereza zizindikiro cholinga mkhalidwe nthawi ya kanthu (kuyenda, kuyenda, akuyandama, akuyandama, kulemba, kulemba);
• kubwerezabwereza mkhalidwe, ponena molumikizana ndi zolimba tinthu "chabwino" - pamodzi akuimira digiri yapamwamba ya kukhazikitsa kanthu (ngati Sung anaimba, anapanga kutero, Iye anati anatero);
• osakaniza awiri kasewenzetsedwe ka mau amodzi-muzu ndi tinthu si inali pakati pa iwo, ndiwo phindu modal sangathe (musati pokoka mpweya wopuma, Ine sindingakhoze kudikira);
• ma infinitive ndi akalumikidzidwa munthu wa mawu omwewa, limene ndi tinthu ali "osati" wofunikila nakweza mtengo zoipa mkhalidwe (osati kufotokoza kufotokoza Gaga osati anakhala opusa);
• mitundu kugwirizana mneni "kutenga" ndi mtundu womwewo wa mneni wina pogwiritsa ntchito mawu "ndipo", "inde", "inde, ndipo" - kuti amatchula kanthu kuti chifukwa cha akufunira mutu (ndinapita kukabisa, izo ndi kulemba, anatenga ndi kumanzere);
• osakaniza zolowa "samachita kanthu (lichite, uchichite, etc.) kuti" ndi mneni wa mawonekedwe womwewo, ataima pambuyo zolowa, ndi cholinga kuzindikira mphamvu ya kanthu (zokhazo zimene iwo akamachita; kokha kuchita kanthu koma kulira);
• kuphatikiza mawonekedwe la mneni kapena infinitive ndi tinthu "tiyeni (tiyeni)" wofunikila mawu a chilimbikitso kapena oitanira kuchitapo kanthu olowa (tiyeni tizimenyana, tiyeni tikambirane);
• pawiri mneni ndi tinthu "sadziwa (ndekha)" kuti amatchula zochita anachita ngakhale zimakulepheretsani (Dziwani nokha grins, kudzidziwa chuckling);
• osakaniza mneni ndi tinthu "palokha" wofunikila ndondomeko ya mawu, chimene ngakhale chifuniro cha munthu (amanena yekha maso).

Nthawi atypical yomanga mkhalidwe wapakamwa

Mtundu wapadera wa mkhalidwe wapakamwa akhoza akuimira mu maganizo kumene mamembala chachikulu ndi zowonetseredwa ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau a mawonekedwe kalekale. Wothandiza m'gulu la mkhalidwe ndi atypical kuti mneni pawiri, popeza zikuoneka mneni-angongole "kuti" kunachitika predicates gulu mwadzina. Ngati pempholo anapanga mu nthawi ino, gulu la "kukhala" mulibe (mimbulu amaopa - mu nkhalango sapita). Komanso, kupatula Mawu akuti "kukhala", gawo akuthandiza angakhale akuti "amatanthauza" (samabwera - kotero likulakwitsa).

Komanso wothandiza gawo wapakamwa mkhalidwe akhoza kuchita mneni-copula "kukhala" (ziro mawonekedwe pa nthawi ino) ndi adjectives lalifupi "wokonzeka", "chidzachitika", "odala", "akupita", "wokhoza", "ayenera" komanso adverbs ndi manauni kubala mtengo modal (anali wokonzeka kudikira).

kuti adzimvera

Choyamba m'pofunika kusiyanitsa pakati pa mkhalidwe yosavuta pawiri mawu. Ife tikudziwa kale momwe iwo ali osiyana, kotero ife kupereka kukapempha mutu wa "gulu wapakamwa mkhalidwe" zitsanzo za maganizo ndi iwo.

• Ife mukhale sabata lina. Khalani - mkhalidwe yosavuta.
• Ine sindikufuna kuti ndikupwetekeni inu. Ine sindikufuna kuwakhumudwitsa - mkhalidwe.

Ndi zosavuta kusiyanitsa dzina la pawiri ndi gulu wapakamwa mkhalidwe. Anapereka iwo ndi mthunzi chosiyana tanthauzo, monga mmene anafotokozera mu predicates izi chiganizo osiyana. kupereka poyerekezera yolusa zakuthupi:

• Iwo ayenera kuphunzitsidwa. Iwo ayenera kuphunzitsidwa - ndi gulu wapakamwa mkhalidwe.
• nyengo zoipa. Zinali moyipa - ndi mkhalidwe.