Parliamentarianism - ndi ... parliamentarism ku Russia

Parliamentary dongosolo - ndi boma ndi anthu, amene amakhala ndi kulekana bwino ntchito malamulo ndi wamkulu. Pankhaniyi, wapamwamba malamulo thupi chiyenera kutenga udindo waukulu. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zimene parliamentarianism mu Russia ndi mayiko ena, magawo a mapangidwe ake ndi zochita zake.

Nyumba yamalamulo ndi chiyani?

Yamalamulo - ndi wapamwamba woimira thupi la boma. Iwo amagwira ntchito momaliziratu ndi adzasankhidwa ndi anthu ambiri a dziko. Zinali mogwirizana wake ndi matupi ena amanena amatchedwa "parliamentarism". anayambitsa chimenechi yodziwika ndi ukulu mu munda malamulo.

Yamalamulo amagwira ntchito zina: nthumwi, integrative ndi zolimbana. Choyamba n'chakuti mawu a chifuniro wene. Anthu monga gwero yekha wa mphamvu ndi atolankhani wapamwamba amapatsa yamalamulo m'malo ake kuti adzakwaniritse udindo malamulo. Ntchito Integrative kwagona kuti iye ndi ulamuliro dziko kuthetsa mavuto. Komanso, Nyumba ya Malamulo waitanidwa kuti ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana chikhalidwe, ndiwo aneneri a zipani. Mbali wake wachitatu ndi malamulo okhazikika mwa iwo ndi yang'anira waukulu ubale chikhalidwe.

Zizindikiro za parliamentarism

Parliamentary dongosolo - dongosolo la zimachitika pakati pa boma ndi anthu. zotsatira zake yokhala ndi malamulo, amene mtundu wina, ndi enshrined mu Constituion, motere

1. Kulekana kwa mphamvu zokonza malamulo ndi wamkulu.
2. The wapadera wa parliamentarians ndi ufulu wawo kuchokera adzaponye chisanko cha.

Pali zizindikiro zina, koma sikuti enshrined m'chilamulo.

Parliamentarism si kugwirizana ndi mitundu yeniyeni ya ulamuliro. zodabwitsazi ndi khalidwe lililonse demokalase ano. Russian parliamentarism komanso wokhazikika mbiri wabwino chifukwa cha chitukuko umoyo ndale za boma.

Wa mbiri aphungu dziko

Ngakhale VI lapansi. BC. e. Athens mfulu olemera osankhidwa thupi collegial - Bungwe la anthu anayi. Koma mapangidwe parliamentarism m'njira yake yamakono zikuchitika m'zaka XIII. Ichi ndi chifukwa zikamera ku England kwa wapadera woimira thupi. Komabe, mphamvu yeniyeni ya Nyumba ya Malamulo amalandira pokhapokha zaka kusintha XVII-XVIII. Ndiye, mu ambiri a ku Ulaya Western kuoneka nthumwi matupi a aphungu.

Mu 1688 ku England chinaperekedwa kwa Bill za Ufulu, amene udzadutsemo nyumba yamalamulo dongosolo la boma. Apa mphamvu zokonza malamulo anatumizidwa kwa iye. Komanso, mmodzi wa mfundo yaikulu ya parliamentarism wakhala lokhazikika. Iye ananena atumiki udindo kwa thupi woimira nyumba ya malamulo.

Mu 1727 yamalamulo nthawi yoyamba mu England unakhazikitsidwa pa maziko phwando.

Chiyambi cha chitukuko cha parliamentarism ku Russia

Parliamentary dongosolo - makamaka wina wa mabungwe a demokalase. Iye posachedwapa anaonekera mu Russia. Koma zoyambira za parliamentarism Tingaone ngakhale mu nthawi ya Kievan Lazaro. Mmodzi wa akuluakulu a m'dzikoli anali wotchuka Komiti. chopereka ndi bungwe kudzera zomwe anthu okhudzidwa ndi kuthetsa mavuto. The Komiti akanakhoza kutenga gawo anthu onse ufulu wa boma Kievan.

Siteji yotsatira chitukuko cha parliamentarism mu Russia - ndi zikamera wa Zemsky Sobor. Iwo zatenganso mbali mu ndondomeko malamulo. Zemsky Sobor inkakhala zipinda ziwiri. Monga mbali ya akuluakulu pamwamba anali, atsogoleri apamwamba, mamembala a pa Boyar Duma. Pansi pa nthumwi osankhidwa kuchokera mwa anthu otchuka ndi a m'tauni.

Mu nthawi ina mafumu mtheradi anayamba lingaliro la parliamentarianism, koma panali malamulo apadera, osamvera Mfumu.

M'mayiko Parlamentizatsiya mu XX atumwi

Chiyambi cha ulimi mu 1905 amalembedwa kusintha dziko la ku ufumu ndi dongosolo malamulo a dziko lino ndi chiyambi cha parliamentarism. Chaka chino, Mfumu anasaina manifestos apamwamba. Iwo anakhazikitsa watsopano nthumwi zakonosoveschatelnogo thupi mu dziko - Boma Duma. Kuyambira pamenepo palibe kuchita sanalowe mu mphamvu popanda chilolezo chake.

Mu 1906, nyumba ya malamulo unakhazikitsidwa, wopangidwa mwa zipinda ziwiri. Pansi - Boma Duma, ndi pamwamba - Bungwe la State. Onse zipinda inali kanthu malamulo. ntchito yawo anatumiza kwa mfumu. The nyumba chapamwamba chilengedwe anali polupredstavitelnym thupi. Mmodzi wa wapampando ake akusankhidwa ndi Mfumu, ndi ena osankhidwa kuchokera mwa otchuka, abusa, amalonda lalikulu, ndi zina zotero. D. The nyumba m'munsi anali mtundu wa thupi womuimira.

Parliamentarism mu Soviet Russia

Pambuyo ulimi October wakhala inawonongedwa dongosolo lakale la mphamvu ya boma. Pa nthawi yomweyo, izo kusintha malamulo maganizo "parliamentarianism" palokha. Onse-Russian Congress la Soviet Union - latsopano wapamwamba thupi la mphamvu ya boma unakhazikitsidwa. Inakhalapo kudzera chisankho, umene unachitika mu magawo angapo, pa mpando wa gulu wamba. Mu dongosolo ili nthumwi linakhazikitsidwa kuti ndi ambiri a anthu ogwira ntchito, osati anthu wamba. msonkhano Sikuti ntchito momaliziratu. N'chifukwa chake kwa mamembala ake osankhidwa onse-Russian Committee Executive ya Soviet Union. Iye opareshoni momaliziratu ndi luntha malamulo ndi wamkulu. Kenako Council Upper unakhazikitsidwa. ulamuliro ali ntchito malamulo ndi osankhidwa ndi chinsinsi mwachindunji voti.

Parliamentarism ku Russia pa siteji pano

Lamulo la 1993 ku Russia unakhazikitsidwa dongosolo latsopano la mphamvu ya boma. Masiku ano kapangidwe ka dziko amakhala ndi lamulo ndi otsogolera a nyumba ya malamulo a.

Kapangidwe ka Assembly Federal imakhala ya zipinda ziwiri. Choyamba - Council la Federation, wachiwiri - Boma Duma. Kwa nthawi yoyamba ya Russian m'munsi nyumba ya yamalamulo anayamba kugwira ntchito yake mu December 1993. Mpheroyi anthu 450.