Pansi matabwa: Mitundu ndi mawerengedwe

Kodi kumanga otsika-nyamuka nyumba ndi kusunga nkhani ndi ndalama? Sankhani mu kudenga yomanga mtengo. Iwo amakhala otsika mtengo ndi yobereka awo ndi unsembe Kodi sizingafike ku ntchito yaikulu. Pansi matabwa kuchita zambiri ntchito. Koposa zonse, akhale ngati zakulera stiffness mu nyumba gawo yopingasa, potero kuonetsetsa mphamvu yake ndi kukhazikika.

Matabwa pansi joists

Lero iwo ali otchuka kwambiri mu ochiritsira yomanga nyumba ndi ntchito yomanga matabwa chimango nyumba. Apa pali chimodzi chokha chachikulu "koma": kutalika wawo uli ndi malire, mtunda kotero interfloor mwina upambana 5 m, chifukwa kukweza - mamita 6 Kawirikawiri mitanda yopangidwa kuchokera ku mitengo coniferous ndi deciduous .. pansi kapangidwe ndi wina kuposa mtengo mwachindunji nokha, chokulungira, kutchinjiriza ndi yazokonza pansi.

Chapansi ndi chapansi yomanga

Chofunika kwa alipo ngati ndi mphamvu wabwino. Popeza Pankhaniyi mtengo likhale pansi m'munsi, iwo ayenera kulimbana katundu wolemera.

Ngati pansi pansi loyamba garaja ndi chapansi yaikulu, ndi bwino kumanga yolimba pansi si matabwa ndi zitsulo crossbars pa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti pansi matabwa a zowola nkhuni ndipo si nthawi zonse kuzilepheretsa katundu wolemera. N'zothekanso kuchepetsa mtunda wa pakati pa zitsulo zikufanana.

chapamwamba pansi

Yomanga mfundo za chipangizo pansi chapamwamba akhoza kukhala pawokha kapena kupitiriza kwa denga, i.e. kukhala denga dongosolo chigawo. More zomveka woyamba chimake, popeza maintainable. Komanso, umaonetsera kutchinjiriza bwino kulira. Kuti tichite zimenezi, anasankha ndipo zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo matabwa kugwilizana ndi zofunika zina. Choyamba, onse matabwa a chapamwamba denga akhale yekha ku wouma nkhuni, makamaka softwood (paini, spruce, larch).

Kotero kuti iwo sanagonjere, iwo anayikidwa padera pa mtunda wa 1 mita kapena pafupi. Kwambiri kupinda mtengo amati pansi chapamwamba, amene ali ndi makulidwe a gawo 7: 5.

Pansi okwera

Kulengedwa mbali ndi zotsatira za "awiri mwa": pa dzanja limodzi, pansi joists ndi joists kwa pansi, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo, pa zina - ndi kuthandiza denga. Childs, umene unali pakati pawo ladzala ndi wapadera kutentha ndi phokoso zinthu chimateteza, ndi ntchito mosalephera cha zotchinga nthunzi. Pakhomo pansi atamaliza gypsum bolodi, ndi pamwamba kumawakoka floorboard.

Matabwa a simenti nkhuni kubwera ku mitundu ingapo, omwe ali ubwino yake.

Olimba nkhuni mtengo

Kupanga awo ntchito olimba nkhuni kokha yolimba. Pakali pano, pansi adzikometsa pa mipiringidzo ngati m'goli anapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa olimba yekha pa chikhato kutalika ang'onoang'ono (mpaka mamita 5).

Laminated matabwa matabwa

Izi joists matabwa ndi sukhala miyeso mogwirizana ndi luso yopanga amalola kuti awonongedwe mokwanira yaitali.

Chifukwa chodziwa mphamvu ya laminated matabwa ntchito pa nthawi imene m'pofunika kupirira anakunkha pa alipo.

Ubwino glued matabwa:

• mphamvu zabwino;
• mosavuta ndithu alipo utali;
• chomasuka unsembe;
• otsika kulemera;
• Moyo utumiki yaitali;
• alibe mapindikidwe;
• chitetezo chabwino moto.

Zolemba malire kutalika amaperekedwa ndi matabwa mamita 20.

Popeza joists zotero yosalala pamwamba, sadziwa kusoka pansi, ndipo iwo ali chotero lotseguka, bungwe la chipinda ndithu yapamwamba mkati kapangidwe.

Chigawo mtanda wa matabwa matabwa

Monga taonera, mtanda chigawo cha matabwa izi kumakhudza mwachilungamo kwambiri pa luso kupirira katundu. Choncho kufunika ntchito chisanadze mawerengedwe-gawo la nkhaniyi.

Pansi matabwa m'nyumba akhoza kukhala ndi amakona anayi, lalikulu kapena zozungulira mtanda gawo.

Monga interfloor mitanda nyumba matabwa kuti kupanga mtengo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Tikuyembekezera yolimba pansi

Mtunda pakati pa matabwa matabwa anatsimikiza mtima:

• Choyamba, mwina katundu.

Katundu mukhoza kukhala nthawi zonse: unyinji wa toyalana kulemera partitions pakati zipinda kapena dongosolo kulemera truss. Ndipo kuphatikiza - variable: ndi wofanana makilogalamu 150 / m. (Malinga SNP 2.01.07-85 "akatundu ndi zotsatira"). Otchedwa katundu variable monga kulemera kwa mipando, zida zonse, zinthu zimene ali mnyumba za anthu.

Ndiye kodi chifukwa cha katundu n'kotheka kovuta, m'pofunika kukonzekera alipo mphepete mwa mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Akatswiri amalangiza kuwonjezera peresenti 30-40.

• Kachiwiri kupinda chinthu chimodzimodzi kapena mtengo muyezo.

Mtundu uliwonse wa zinthu ofunitsitsa ndi GOST malire omwe stiffness. Komabe, tikutsata ndondomeko za mawerengedwe ali yemweyo: kufanana kwa kuchuluka mtheradi wa kuchimwa kwa wambiri mtengo.

Mawerengedwe a matabwa pansi

The ndondomeko ya kuwerengetsa matabwa denga matabwa m'malo yolemetsa. Kuwonjezera chakuti muyenera bwino kusankha mtunda pakati pawo, ndipo ayenera kudziwa gawo mtanda wokha molondola. Chifukwa chaichi, chisanadze kuwerengera ndalama za kuchimwa pa katundu linaperekedwa anapatsidwa-gawo mtanda. Ngati mlingo uwu kuposa malire nkosaloledwa ndi matabwa denga otengedwa lalikulu mtanda chigawo.

Monga ulamuliro, ndi mawerengedwe a matabwa matabwa ndi chilinganizo zotsatirazi. Komabe, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mwapadera Chiwerengero cha kuwerengetsa mabuku operekedwa alipo. Timatha inu kuganizira mbali zonse, osati likukuvutitsani kufufuza nkhani ndi mawerengedwe.

Ngati matabwa kuyikidwa palimodzi, iwo kusamutsa katundu kuwirikiza kawiri, ndipo ngati inu kuvala pamwamba pa wina ndi mzake - kuima katundu ndi za maulendo anayi akuluakulu.

zitsulo joists

The chachiwiri wotchuka kwambiri mtundu wa denga mitanda - ndi zitsulo. ubwino: ali cholimba, wodalirika ndi makulidwe yaing'ono, choncho ndalama danga. Chonyamulira chigawo anapereka chuma - anagubuduza mbiri. Pali 3 mitundu: kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino, mitsinje ndi I-matabwa. Mu filler pakati pa iwo ntchito kuwala konkire oyika kapena otchedwa opepuka RC-mbale kuphatikiza zonse - matabwa mapanelo. Waukulu mwayi ndi zitsulo matabwa kuti chikhatho chimodzi m'lifupi 4-6 mamita kapena kuposa. sangathe awo ndi kuti matabwa zitsulo alipo kugonjetsedwa kwambiri dzimbiri ndipo ndi wotsikirapo matenthedwe ndi lamayimbidwe kutchinjiriza Komabe, izi angathandize mwake lililonse.

Mawerengedwe a joists zitsulo

M'pofunika kudziwa kuti mawerengedwe (chilinganizo) ndi chimodzimodzi kwa mitundu yonse ya milimo. Kukula kwa kulimbikira mfundo zotheka, kawirikawiri limafufuza kwa Directory wapadera kapena masamu pa Chiwerengero wapadera, pansi matabwa, angapezeke mu maukonde lonse popanda vuto.

Pansi matabwa: mtengo

kuti N'zovuta kupita cholakwika ndi kuti mtundu uwu wa matabwa ndalama kwambiri. Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti mtengo si mawu a chuma (mwachitsanzo, matabwa kapena zitsulo ndi). mapangidwe ake zimakhudza phindu komanso Mlengi. The mtengo osachepera mtengo matabwa ndi 219 rubles. za m / N.