Liquidation plugging mabowo

Events, amene akutumikira cholinga cha kuwonongedwa kwa zakudya madzi, amatchedwa cementing kapena plugging mabowo. Anagwira ntchito ngati kuti kuteteza aquifer kuchokera nkotheka mankhwala kapena bacteriological kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba. Plugging mabowo latembenuzidwa kuchokera ku French "pulagi".

Mawu amenewa akusonyeza kuti, mu opareshoni, amawapopa mu njira zomwe kumalimbitsa miyala kupanga Anachita ndi madzi nsalu yotchinga. Backfill zachitika pamene chitsime chiri kunja kwa dongosolo, izo zingachitike pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Monga chachikulu ndi zotsatirazi:

• Gwero anakwaniritsa tsogolo;
• sinadzatengedwe ndi achibale kapena bwinja;
• zifukwa miyala;
• zifukwa luso;
• zifukwa zachilengedwe kapena zamakono.

Kufotokozera plugging mitundu

Ngati mwatsatanetsatane kuganizira zifukwa miyala, tikhoza kunena kuti mu nkhani iyi, madzi wambiri amangokhala Kusiya kuchita ntchito yake, chomwe nthawi zambiri ndithu chifukwa cha njira miyala. zifukwa luso - izi ndi mlandu pamene zakudya madzi kwa nthawi yaitali si anakhalabe.

Kapenanso, tingathe kuchita ngati waphwanya mfundo luso pa nthawi ya kuboola. Ntchito akhoza ikuchitika ntchito zinthu zosayenera, nthawi yaitali sanali kugwira kukonza ndi kukonza ikuchitika. plugging zitsime ikuchitika ngakhale choncho kumene madyedwe a alimbane ntchito zosakhalitsa.

Grounds pa kuwonongedwa kwa madyedwe madzi

Ngati wina bwino zoyenera siyana amene akhala tatchulazi, ayenera kuchotsedwa, chifukwa pali kuthekera kuti aquifers adzakhala zoipa, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi masewera ena. Nditawerenga "Subsoil Chilamulo", mungapeze zimene wosuta awonetsetse kuwonongedwa kwa gwero ndi chitetezo cha zakudya madzi.

Malamulo a ntchito

Angagwiritse ntchito plugging akatswiri ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a liquidation plugging zitsime Iwo amati kufunika ntchito kamangidwe. Apa m'pofunika kupeza pasipoti, muli nkhani zokhudza mitundu ya kapangidwe zodzitetezera zingakhale nyumba kapena hema caisson. zikalata mungapeze magawo ndi makhalidwe a pachikhalidwe zosangalatsa, komanso kusapezeka kapena pamaso pa njira mobisa.

Kenako muyenera kuchita phunziro, wotchedwa kudula mitengo. Chifukwa cha kudzakhala kotheka kudziwa pachitsimepo, kuti aone mkhalidwe casing wa, ndipo makamaka, makoma. Zonsezi angatchedwe younikanso gwero. Plugging wa zitsime artesian ayenera kutanthauzira chifukwa anatumizidwa kuwonongedwa kwa gulu.

Pamodzi ndi kukafika kutsogolo kwa gwero mapazi zakale m'lifupi dzenje ayenera kukhala 1 m. 30 cm pamwamba pansi yomanga ayenera kudula casing. zida pobowola adzakhala kuyeretsa gwero la zinthu zakunja ndi zinyalala.

Technology ntchito

Malamulo liquidation plugging zitsime monga kukhazikitsa disinfection ndi rinsing wambiri madzi ndi njira yapadera. Sefa ndime ayenera yokutidwa ndi miyala kapena kum'pondereza mwala akuya lonse. Kenako, anakonza anatsanulira simenti. Ngati madzi ali chidwi kuya, kudzazidwa ndi cementing mwina Njira.

Ntchito simenti anatsanulira pakamwa ndiye anagwira moŵa stub. Liquidation plugging mabowo amapereka wophwanyidwa mwala backfill khushoni. Izo ziyenera kukhala m'madzimo pa masentimita 50. The pamwamba wosanjikiza akhoza kupanga lachonde kapena konkire kutsanulira, izo zimadalira cholinga cha ntchito m'tsogolo. Chomaliza adzakhala wambiri madzi kafukufuku m'kaundula.

Pamene mukufuna bwino kupha

Othinana komanso aquifer wayamba gush. Kuti vuto limeneli nkhope ayenera ziwonjezeke kwa mu-situ zizindikiro kuthamanga anali kuposa. Ngati gwero la yagoletsa 5 mita kasupe luso mkulu-kachulukidwe madzimadzi ayenera kupopa mu izo. Kulemera okwana ayenera kulenga kuthamanga apamwamba poyerekeza ndi zimene anaona ku aquifer lapansi.

Jamming adzachotsa ngozi ndi kuthetsa mavuto ake, kuchotsa chiopsezo zisadzachitikenso. Nditamaliza ya kukonzanso madzi zaumisiri amawapopa Imachitika ankatenthetsa, pokhapokha gwero angagwiritsidwe ntchito kachiwiri. Nthawi zina kupha ikuchitika mwamphamvu, mu nkhani iyi bwino sadzatha ntchito kwambiri.

Chotero plugging mabowo Mwina tingachotsedwe pa ntchito njira mankhwala kapena tizilombo, mu nkhani iyi gwero sadzakhala abwino ntchito. Mu koma ndi grout angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira zina zothetsera kusamvana. Nthawi zina m'pofunika ndi nyengo torpor, zimene zinachitikira dongosolo chatsanulidwa madzi, ndi caisson amalimata. mwambo mtundu wake ikuchitika m'madera wakunja kwatawuni.

Kusiyidwa a ntchito zosiyanasiyana

Malamulo liquidation plugging zitsime za zolinga zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chitsime unali wouma, zikhoza lembani matope kapena dothi kuponya kuya lonse. Engineering-Geological, hydrogeological, Kartirovochno Geological ndi zitsime exploratory kuti kale anatumikira cholinga chawo ndipo osati zidapatsa zotsatira zabwino, angathe kuthetsedwa ndi yopezera mipope.

Ngati pambuyo akamaliza wodzipangitsa mpheto si zotheka, tiyenera kudzaza wellbore mchenga woyera ndi dongo overlying gawo kuponya, kutsanulira dothi kapena zidina simenti. Liquidation plugging zitsime zolinga zosiyanasiyana, mu nkhani iyi anafuna kukwaniritsa ukhondo-AIDS utumiki.

Malinga ndi iwo, ndipo atha plugging zitsime ndi kupanga kuti kulibe motalika kokwanira. Angathe kugona matalala, kuti silted kapena oletsedwa. Pankhaniyi, kuchapa akhoza kuchitidwa ndi madzi kapena matope mwa chida pobowola. bwino ndiye wodzazidwa ndi madzi chlorinated, adzakhala wofanana katatu buku la osati zitsime zokumba zogwiritsa lapansi.

Ngati madzi ndi mwa aquifer, iwo uyenera kukhala woyera mchenga kukhuta, buku lomwe tiyenera kukhala wofanana voliyumu ya wellbore mkati aquifer lapansi. Kumtunda wodzala ndi njira dongo oponyedwa ndi ting'onoting'ono basi dongo, ndi grout angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira zina zothetsera kusamvana.

The liquidation zitsime artesian

Plugging zitsime artesian Mwina tingachotsedwe pa ntchito ya dongo ndi tampons. Kuchita izi, ntchito dongo mafuta, kumene zosafunika. Chomwe linatekeseka ndi stirrer, ndipo pa thanthwe chifukwa wopindidwa mikanda, kukula kwa aliyense amene ayenera kukhala wolingana knuckle lapansi.

mikanda ndi zouma, chifukwa kuti iwo anachoka ku dzuwa. Iwo ndiye aikidwa mu ulimi wa mayunitsi 15 panthawi. Nthawi zina mipira kugwa kudzera bailer mkati, pa mapeto limene kunja kutsegula valavu. Ngati inu ntchito njira imeneyi, mipira si Pre-zouma. Aliyense kutumikira wa bwino ting'onoting'ono basi, pamene chitoliro ukudzutsidwa. Kutalika kwa chubu ayenera kuyesetsa 1.5 m.

Njira yachiwiri kuthetsa chitsime chokumba

Plugging mtundu zitsime artesian angathe kuchitidwa ntchito njira yowona kukonzekera luso lapadera. Ena amakhulupirira kuti njira yoyamba si choncho mwamsanga. Komabe, mawu awa ndi zolakwika. Ndipotu, nthawi zina pamafunika plugging zosakhalitsa. Koma ngati bwino salinso ku ntchito, ndiye liquidation ake ayenera ayambe konkire. Pamene zakudya madzi nthawi zina ayenera kugawidwa mu zigawo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito tampons, wotchedwa Packers. Iwo ntchito pa phunziro la miyala, amene amasiyana ndi kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa pores ndi ming'alu. Chifukwa cha iwo, inu angaletse khalidwe la cementing thanthwe.

Pomaliza

Yokwaniritsira grouting adzafunika zida zina, ndi - chitsulo tamper, mpope ndi kubowola chitoliro. mpope chofunika kutulutsa simenti slurry kupyolera mu mipope kubowola kuti adatchithisira pansi.