manda Old anasunga m'mizinda yambiri wakale. Yotero ndi likulu la dera Tula, kumene chidwi kwambiri ndi zambiri akale ankaona Oyera Mtima manda. Tula - mzinda, mu nthawi yathu - pakati dera, ili 200 makilomita ku Moscow. The chidwi chachikulu cha necropolis wake wakale?
Mbiri ya kumanda
Mu 1771 mu chimene tsopano ndi malo Tula ndi ena m'madera oyandikana nawo za mliriwo wapezeka. Mu nkhani imeneyi, Senate inaika lamulo "Pa mizinda nehoronenii ndi mipingo, koma za malo operekedwa mu dziko ...". A necropolis watsopano unakhazikitsidwa wa kunja kwa mzinda. Poyamba, pali anakwiriridwa okhawo amene anafa "mliri." Iwo ndipo panali onse Oyera manda Tula kale pa nthawi imeneyo -. zokwanira chachikulu mzinda mliri nthenda ya kuwononga kwambiri anthu ake sanazichite Malinga ndi malipoti ochokera matenda anamwalira mu amuna onse 12 (chiwerengero cha imfa wamkazi sizinalembedwe) posachedwapa manda anayamba ... kuyika anthu a mzinda, CK onchavshihsya zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. The necropolis anali anakumba dzenje, ndiyeno m'gawo lake anamanga mpingo matabwa.
Cathedral wa Oyera onse Oyera Mtima manda
Mu 1773 anaganiza kumanganso mpingo matabwa. The nyumba yatsopano anaganiza chilili mwala. Pa ntchito yomanga ndalama kachisi anapereka kwa amalonda m'dera ndi Stefan Nichifor Deviatkin Sushkin. Kale mu 1776, mpingo umodzi nkhaniyo wodzipereka ndi lotseguka kwa molimba mtima. Pang'onopang'ono kumanga analimbitsa ndi kumangidwanso, ndipo mu 1803 anayamba kusonkhanitsa zopereka pomanga belu nsanja ku mpingo. Lero, ndi pa gulu loyimba izi kamangidwe, ambiri sadziwa Oyera Mtima manda. Tula yakhala malo aakulu mafakitale ndi zachuma. Komanso mpingo, belu nsanja inamangidwa pa zopereka a chipembedzowo. Yomanga inatha mu 1863. Kutalika okwana belu nsanja ndi spire mamita 82, kwa nthawi yaitali nyumba iyi anali wamphamvu mu ofukula. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mpingo analandira udindo wa Oyera Mtima Cathedral, lero ali mmodzi wa mipingo yaikulu mu dera Tula. Ngakhale yomanga yogwira mu mzinda wa chikale gulu loyimba ndi lero Tingaone malo ambiri mu Tula. Popeza 2003, belu nsanja ya tchalitchi ndi kuunikiridwa usiku.
Oyera Mtima Necropolis mu zaka XIX-XX
The manda unakula mofulumira, ndipo pang'onopang'ono anayamba kuika maliro pano mu tiers angapo. Mwatsopano m'manda pafupi kwambiri padziko lapansi, chifukwa ichi, churchyard anali fungo achilendo. Iwo anakwiyitsa anthu ambiri mumzinda ndi zimene zikuchitika ndi mfundo thanzi la view. Mu 1839, pa kuyamba kwa kazembe wa Tula AE Averkieva manda zinachitikadi malo gawo. Pamodzi ndi kukafika kutsogolo kwa necropolis otsypali chomenyerapo nkhondo mkulu ndi dzenje anakumba. Patapita nthawi, ndi malo omwe anthu amakhalako anayamba kuoneka kuzungulira manda akale. Mu necropolis likugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mu 1847, poyankha madandaulo kuchokela ku anthu a manda pamalo Bwanamkubwa N. N. Muravov analamula beautification la manda. Pa gawo la necropolis anaonekera alonda nyumba za asilikali, izo anagwiritsanso ntchito yomanga ndi kuchinga malire manda. 1864, pa pempho la atsogoleri a chipembedzowo wa dera Catholic mu necropolis anaonekera Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa dziko la maliro Lutheran Katolika. Ku mbali yaikulu ya izo ndi wosiyana ndi chemba, iwo anamanga monga pakhomo osiyana ndi chipata-nsanja kalembedwe Gothic (anapulumuka). Poyamba, pali anakwiriridwa yekha Orthodox Oyera Mtima manda kuyambira 1864 (Tula) kukhala zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana. Mu 1900 anayamba kumanga mpanda anapanga njerwa zofiira.
Ancient necropolis lero
Mu 1968 pa manda anapatsidwa udindo wa chikumbutso ndi misa manda pa m'gawo lake idaleka. Lero, mungathere chabe urn maliro. Mwa njira ya kupatulapo mu 2000 pa dera la necropolis iye anaikidwa rector la Oyera Mtima Cathedral Anatoly Rodionov. Nearby anali posachedwapa m'manda ndi altarnitsa chithunzithunzi-sisitere Nile. Oyera Mtima manda ku analitcha kuti Thule ali kwambiri mbiri, zojambulajambula ndi chikhalidwe phindu. Pa m'gawo lake m'manda kanjedza ambiri otchuka a mumzindawo. Musachepetse zosiyanasiyana tombstones ndi mipanda. Masiku ano, necropolis ali maekala oposa 34. Mboniwa asayansi kafukufuku ndi akuluakulu a m'dera m'mbiri komanso kamangidwe owonetsera zakale. Mu necropolis ichi ndi chikumbutso ndi kale lotseguka monga kukopa alendo. Today, aliyense mu gulu gulu ndi kalozera kukaona Oyera Mtima manda (Tula). amalipiritsa ulendo ikuchitika mwa maikidwe. Kuyitanitsa izo, funsani m'nyumbayi Tula necropolis.
Kukawona malo Oyera Mtima manda
Lowani gawo necropolis kudzera pakhomo lenileni, ili pa mphambano ya Leo ndi Tolstoho Pirogov. Kudutsa chipata, mungasangalale poyera kwa gulu loyimba zazikulu za pa tchalitchi ndi belu nsanja. Pakati pa kachisi ndi chipata chachikulu ndi malo banja manda, chokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli nsangalabwi angelo. Nearby mukhoza kuona crypt-yopemphereramo N. I. Zhdanovskogo. Okonda zomangamanga akale adzakhala chidwi kuyenda kumanda. Pali zambiri gravestones akale. sarcophagus ichi, chokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli kumvetsa ndipo zipilala la lubwe, nachitira zitsulo, chitsulo kuponyedwa ndi mitanda matabwa. Poganizira kamangidwe ka m'manda unkagwiritsidwa, momwe chidwi ndi zina mwachinsinsi zapiringizana Orthodox ndipo amajambulapo maluwa okongola zachikunja. Ndipo zonse izi Tula Oyera Mtima manda. Tula nthano zakale mwambo akugwirizira makamaka mosamala. Malinga ndi ena mabaibulo Oyera Mtima necropolis linamangidwa pa malo wakale Old Okhulupirira. Pakali pano, akatswiri ankafufuza mahekala 4 okha za gawolo. Mwina, padzakhala ambiri chidwi ndi zodabwitsa kutulukira.
Manda a anthu otchuka
Pa Oyera Mtima manda ndi manda banja ndi manda umodzi wa umunthu ambiri otchuka pa deralo. Apa m'manda: P. P. Belousov (dokotala, mlengi wa waukulu paki mzinda), FV Tokarev (mikono mlengi fakitale), D. Ya Vanykin (adayambitsa Vanykinskoy zipatala), E. Skvoronsky (wamanga), Ni Beloborodov (anayambitsa mogwirizana chromatic), R. J. Dreyer (adayambitsa kuchipatala Railway), N. I. Troitsky (wolemba) ndi zina zambiri anthu otchuka. Kodi kupeza manda enieni, ngati mukudziwa zimene ali m'manda mumzinda wa Tula? Onse manda Oyera manda amatsogolera mndandanda kuyambira penipeni. Sungani owona ali m'nyumbayi Tula Necropolis.
Oyera Mtima manda (Tula): momwe kumeneko ndi zoyendera boma ndi oziyimila paokha?
The necropolis wakale mu mkatikati mwa mzindawo. Kumanda khoma akuthamanga kufanana misewu Morisa Tereza, Lva Tolstogo ndi Timiryazev. Pakhomo waukulu ku gawo ili ku mphambano za Pirogov ndi Lva Tolstogo. Chophweka njira kumeneko ndi galimoto pa kuyenda panyanja ya. Adiresi lenileni la Oyera Mtima Cathedral: St. Lva Tolstogo, kapangidwe 79. Mwa mabasi ndi magalimoto afike siteji "msewu. Pirogov ", ndipo amapita pamodzi msewu uwu. Pamene m'manda a ku Germany kwa Oyera Mtima manda Tula anali pakhomo osiyana. Lero, kuti mu gawo sanali Orthodox za kumanda zitha anadutsa njira zimenezi zikuthandiza chapakati a tchalitchi.