Georgia, Gorge ya Pankisi. Kodi moyo wa Pankisi Gorge ndi wotani?

Padziko lathu pali malo ambiri, omwe panthawi imodzi anakhala magwero a nkhondo mu mchitidwe wa chipembedzo kapena zofuna zadziko. Izi ndizomwe zimakhala zozizwitsa komanso zoopsa, Pankisi Gorge. Panthawi imeneyi, panachitika mkangano pakati pa oimira Georgia ndi Russia. Kodi malo awa pakali pano ndi otani? Ndipo kodi khola likukhala lero?

Zambiri za Pankisi Gorge

Mphepete mwa Pankisi ndi malo amodzi omwe ali pafupi ndi 161 km kuchokera ku Tbilisi ndi kutali ndi Chechen Republic. Malo awa ndi mtundu wa chigwa, chomwe chili pamphepete mwa mtsinje wa Alazani, ndi kutalika kwa makilomita 28 ndi kupitirira makilomita asanu. Amakhala ndi zomera zowonjezereka ndipo amapereka malingaliro odabwitsa a mapiri ndi malo okhala.

Kodi ndi mitundu iti yomwe ikukhala mumtsinje wa Pankisi?

Gulu la Pankisi linakhala nyumba kwa anthu a mitundu yosiyana. Kotero, pakati pa anthuwa muli anthu ambiri a ku Georgiya ndi Ossetia omwe anabwera kuno mu 1901-1910 ndikukhala m'midzi isanu ndi iwiri: Khalatsani, Kutsakhta, Pichkhovani, Dumasturi, Koryeti, Tsinubani ndi Argokhi. Mu canyon, Akatolika, omwe ali achibale akutali a ku Chechens ochokera ku North Caucasus, amakhalanso ndi moyo. Mu 1990, ambiri othawa kwawo ochokera ku Chechen Republic anasamukira kuno.

Kodi akunena chiyani za Pankisi Gorge?

Mphungu ya Pankisi ndi malo apadera, omwe amatsenga ambiri, nthano ndi mphekesera zimagwirizanitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ena amanena kuti panthaŵi ino ntchito za intelligence za ku United States zinaphunzitsa maphunziro a Islam ndiyeno kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuthetsa mikangano m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Iraq ndi Syria. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, pamene adagwiritsa ntchito zigawenga, zokondwerero zinaperekedwa kwa anthu okhala ndi Chichenicho.

Zina zimanena kuti Pankisi Gorge ili ndi magulu ambiri a zigawenga owopsya omwe adziwika kuti akufuna dziko lonse lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, apa panali mmodzi wa atsogoleri a gulu lachigawenga "IGIL" anabadwa - Tarkhan Batirashvili, wodziwika bwino monga General Red Beard. Komanso, deta ina ikuwonetsa kukhalapo pamphepete mwa "malo ophunzitsira" apadera, m'madera omwe alangizi a al-Qaeda adaphunzitsidwa.

Ena amanena kuti chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chiyembekezo kwa achinyamata, anthu ambiri am'deralo amapita ku Suriya pofunafuna kuunikira komanso zopindulitsa kwambiri, kumene akugwirizana ndi magulu a milandu.

Wachinayi akuti Pankisi Gorge yakhala ikugulitsidwa kwa anthu a ku Chechens komanso kuti palibe anthu a ku Georgia amene asiya. Iwo amangothamangitsidwa chabe kuchokera apa. Komabe, mphekesera zambiri zimakhala zabodza, chifukwa zimatsutsidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi oimira akuluakulu a boma la Georgia. Choncho, zambiri mwazolembazo ndizovuta.

Mbiri ya chigawenga ya gorge mwatsatanetsatane

Ndani akanaganiza kuti mu ngodya yokongolayi, yomwe ili mamita awiri kuchokera ku Main Caucasian Range, padzakhala nkhondo yeniyeni yeniyeni. Komanso, Pankisi Gorge yakhala magulu amphamvu a mikangano komanso mikangano yosatha ya internecine.

Panali pano, malinga ndi magwero, kuti kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zida zinawoneka. Apa, monga tanenera kale, othaŵa kwawo adakhamukira mkati mwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya Chechen, ndipo magulu amphamvu kwambiri anasiya nawo. Mwachitsanzo, pakati pawo panali magulu achigulu omwe akutsogolera Ruslan Gelayev. Kotero, mwachinyengo, mpaka 1999, Kistins 5,000 ankakhala mumphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo anthu okwana 7,000 othawa kwawo abwera kuno kuyambira chiyambi cha oponderezedwa ku Chechnya.

Mu 2000, kwa nthawi yoyamba, chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi zigawenga za m'deralo chinayamba kuonekera. Anthuwa anayamba kukambirana za magulu a magulu ankhanza omwe anatha, adagulitsa zida zankhondo ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kwa kanthawi kochepa, Pankisi Gorge yakhala dera lalikulu kwambiri la Georgia.

Mu December chaka chomwechi, akuluakulu a boma la Georgia adasowa kuchita zambiri pokhapokha atapereka chidziwitso chimenechi ndikudziwitsa za mabungwe awiri a asilikali omwe ali mkati mwawo. Komabe, ngakhale magulu ankhondo adagwira nawo mbali, sizinatheke kuthetsa vutoli ndi asilikali ambiri. Kale m'chilimwe cha 2001, adasankha kuchotsa Ruslan Gelayev kwa Abkhazia. Koma m'dzinja oyendetsa milandu ndi anthu ake adabweranso.

Chakumapeto kwa 2002, dziko la Georgia linayambanso. Pankisi Gorge inakhalanso malo opangira masewera a usilikali. Panthaŵiyi kunakhala kusamvana kwina pakati pa a Chechens ndi a Ossetia. M'chigwachi, adayamba kukamba za kuchotsedwa kwa Ossetia, za "disassemblies" zamagazi chifukwa cha ziphunzitso zachipembedzo ndi dziko, za kuba, kupha ziweto, chiwawa cha amayi, ndi zina zotero. Usiku, monga anthu akunena, akuyenda mumsewu kunali koopsa kwambiri.

Zonsezi sizinazindikire. Zotsatira zake n'zakuti, akuluakulu a boma la Georgia sanabweretsere nkhondoyi ku "vendetta" yotereyi, motero akuluakulu a boma la Georgia anabwereranso asilikali a m'kati mwawo . Panthaŵi yomweyi, akuluakulu a ku United States anayamba kukambirana za cholinga chotumiza asilikali awo kuchigwa kuti akamenyane ndi zigawenga "zosayenera". M'malomwake, m'chilimwe cha 2002, magulu awiri a magulu aŵiri (American ndi Georgian) anachitapo kanthu, kumene anthu pafupifupi 1,500 a ku Georgians anagwira nawo mbali.

Pa nthawi yomweyi, oimirira a ku America, pamodzi ndi akuluakulu a boma la Georgia, anayamba kupanga ndondomeko yolimbana ndi zigawenga. Za iye adaphunzira zigawenga, adaganiza kuti asamayembekezere chilango. Chifukwa chake, iwo anafulumira kuchoka pamphepete, ndikusamukira kudera la Russia. Panthaŵi yomweyi, oimira dziko la Russia anadandaula Georgia kuti akuthandiza uchigawenga, womwe unatsatiridwa ndi kuyankha kolimba - mlandu waku Moscow wochita nawo nkhondoyo. Pachifukwa ichi, timatanthauza kuphulika kwa mabomba a Pankisi Gorge, omwe adaweruzidwa ndi bungwe la Russian Air Force.

"Kodi panali mnyamata nkomwe?"

Pa November 27, Valery Khaburdzania, yemwe anali mtumiki wa chitetezo cha boma ku Georgia panthawiyo, adalengeza. Mmenemo, adawauza za ndege za ku Russia zomwe zinkawombera mosaloledwa malo osokoneza bongo a dzikoli ndipo anayamba kuphulika ndi mfuti m'dera la Hadora. "Iwo adawopa anthu a kumeneko," adatero. Buku lomwelo linatsimikiziridwa mu ntchito yosindikizira yomwe ikuyang'aniridwa ndi malire a kumpoto kwa North Caucasus ku Russia.

Nikolay Deryabin, yemwe ndi mkulu wa ntchito yosindikiza mabuku mu Utumiki wa Chitetezo cha Russia, ali ndi maganizo osiyana. Iye anakana zotsutsidwa za mbali ya Georgia, akunena za kugunda kwa mphepo pamalo okhawo omwe amenyana nawo ndipo pamene adayesa kuloŵa m'malire a Russia.

Kodi n'chiyani chinatha kumenyana ndi zigawenga m'mphepete mwake?

Mu August 2002, akuluakulu a boma la Georgia, motsogoleredwa ndi Purezidenti wakale Eduard Shevardnadze, anachita ntchito yotsutsa zigawenga. Malinga ndi zotsatira zake, adalengezedwa kuti magulu a zigawenga sanalinso m'chigwachi.

Malingana ndi chiwerengero, akuluakulu a boma anazunguliridwa ndi kuchotsedwa ku gorge 800 Chechen radicals, ndipo pamodzi ndi iwo pafupifupi asilikali 100 achiarabu. Pambuyo pake, akuluakulu a boma adanena kuti Pankisi Gorge sichitiyidwa ndi jihadism. Zigawenga zinathetsedwa, choncho moyo wa anthu unabwerera kwawo.

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, akuluakulu a ku Chechen Republic anayesa kuvomereza kuti apereke njira yothandiza kuti abwerere kwawo ku Georgia. Ena a iwo anabwerera. Komabe, ambiri adaganiza zokhala. Ndipo ochepa okha ndi amene anasamukira ku mayiko oyandikana nawo: Turkey, Azerbaijan ndi mizinda ya ku Ulaya.

Kodi moyo wa Pankisi Gorge ndi wotani lerolino?

Kodi chikuchitika ndi chiyani pa Pankisi Gorge masiku ano?

Ndipo ngakhale kuti nkhondoyi mu Pankisi Gorge yayamba kutopa, ena akugwidwa ndi matendawa nthawi zambiri amapita apa. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2013 chigwachi chinayambanso kukhala malo amtundu wankhondo, omwe a Chechens ndi a ku Georgiya a m'dera lawo anali nawo. Malinga ndi anthu owona, anthu asanu a ku Georgia adabwerera kunyumba ndipo akuyenda nawo akukumana ndi oimira Chichewa. Mawu oti "magazi otentha" ophika pa mawu ndi mitsempha ya omenyana. Nkhondo inayamba, pamene mmodzi wa oimira ku Chechen anavulazidwa ndi nkhwangwa ndipo anamutengera kuchipatala.

Vutoli linathetsedwa pokhapokha akuluakulu a ku Georgia atalowererapo. Mutu wa Utumiki wa Zamkati mwa Georgia mwiniwake adayankhula ndi oimira onse awiri. Chifukwa chake, maphwando adagwirizana. Kukhala chete kunkalamulira kwa nthawi yaitali mu khola, nthawi idzati.

Pankisi Gorge (Georgia): ndemanga za anthu okhalamo

Panthawiyi, malowa amachititsa kuti anthu ambiri azitha kukambirana bwinobwino. Anthu ena amawona kuti ndi "kutetezedwa kwa chibwibwi" ngakhale lero. Ena amanena kuti kumenyana ndi mafuko kumakhalako nthawi zambiri. Ena amatsutsa chikhalidwe chokongola cha chigwachi ndipo amamanga njira zatsopano zokopa alendo. Mwachidule, kuti mumvetse Georgia, muyenera kuyendera limodzi kamodzi!