Akusowera Nyanja Urmia ku Iran

February 10, 2016 zapita uthenga kuti anasowa Bolivia mchere nyanja Poopó, lomwe wotanganidwa kamodzi malo makilomita lalikulu 3000. Chimodzimodzi mchere ndi landlocked madzi, zatsala pang'ono kutha, ndi Iran. Nyanja Urmia pa utachepa kukula ndi 70%, ndipo deta atsopano pa onse 90% poyerekeza ndi chaka 1984.

Kamodzi chachikulu nyanja mchere

Ili kumpoto, kumadzulo Iran Urmia ndi nyanja yaikulu ya Pafupi ndi Middle East. Kukhala - izo ndi boma komanso Kupititsa botolo la Iran. Pakati East ndi West Azerbaijan ndi Nyanja Urmia. Poyamba, madzi anali ndi malo mamita lalikulu 6,000. Km. Nyanja ali maina angapo. Wotchuka Arab malo, Istarkhi (za 850-934) anatchulidwa ngati achikunja Nyanja (Buhayrat al-Surat), pa mndandanda wa malemba opatulika "Avesta" kumachitika pansi pa dzina Chechasht, lomasuliridwa ndi "radiantly woyera" ndipo monga "nyanja zikuluzikulu ndi mchere madzi. " Kwa zaka zambiri, izo ankatchedwa Salt Lake ndi zambiri Kabunat, Shahi, Tala, Rezaye.

ena magawo

Okwera, amene ali Nyanja Urmia mamita 1275. Inali ndi mawonekedwe elongated ndi kutengedwa kumpoto chakum'mwera pa mtunda wa makilomita 140, ndipo m'lifupi ranged ku 40 55 Km. Koma kuti anali patsogolo, koma tsopano nyanjayi ndi pafupi kutha. Mu mwayi waukulu zithunzi poyerekeza ku nthambi, kusonyeza mmene shoaling madzi posungira kuchokera 1984 mpaka 2014. Ndipo mu masiku akale kufika mamita 16 kuya pazipita. Nyanja Urmia si ntchito ang'ono malo achilengedwe: pafupifupi zaka yabwino mamita 5. A malo kumene madzi onse ukuyenda mwa thupi iliyonse ya madzi wotchedwa m'dera catchment. Poyamba Urmia Nyanja okulira linali dera limene anakwana makilomita lalikulu zikwi 50. Dziwe anali kudzadza nthawi yozizira ndi kasupe miyezi chifukwa mpweya. The makhwawa waukulu amaonedwa kukhala kum'mwera kwa Jagat ndi Tatavu, kumpoto-kum'mawa - Aji Chai. Kuweta salt, amene ali olemera mu dziwe, sodium ndi chlorine, ndi sulfates (salt asidi sulfuric).

zilumba

Poyamba, nyanja anali zilumba 102, ambiri amene anali ndi zifukwa wintering mbalame ataliatali. Ena mwa iwo anamizidwa ndi nkhalango pistachio. Pansi pa kum'mwera kwa nyanja panali limodzi la zilumba yaing'ono 50. Munyandza pali zisumbu, monga Islami, pa nsonga apamwamba amene ali agulupa ya Hulagu Khan (manda a Mongol khans). Ndi moyo komanso ndi Kabudan ndi Espirit, Ashk ndi Arezoo, amene zimaŵetedwa aku Iran nswala chikasu. Chilumba anatchuka chifukwa chake Cajun-D dziko la zomera kawirikawiri. Komanso, kuwonjezera pa mbuzi, akambuku moyo.

Biota

Ngati nyanja ali zisumbu, pali kugwirizana pakati pawo. Dziwe ndi yodutsira chaka chonse, kotero amaundana. m'mphepete mwake okutidwa ndi m'madambo mchere, pa pakamwa pake mitsinje mu m'madambo pali m'nkhalango ya wamba bango ndi Sitnik (a mtundu waukulu wa zomera maluwa).

Nyanja Urmia (zithunzi Tingaone m'nkhani) amatanthauza Rose Nyanja dziko. Chonchi mtundu utoto mchere nyanja njuchi Rachkov Artemy, amene hypersaline Urmia kwambiri. Choyamba shallowing ndende mchere mu madzi nyanja ankatsutsana magalamu 350 pa madzi okwanira 1 litre, pamene ponseponse kwa Urmiya ankaona magalamu 180. Mu thupi ili la madzi, kumene mulibe nsomba. Zinyama ukufanizidwa ndi mphama, zikovili ndi shelduck, amene chisa pa nyanja.

City zokhudzana ndi nyanja

Chifukwa wapadera Urmia, ndi malo osungirako unakhazikitsidwa mu 1967, zomwe zinali mbali yaikulu ya posungira. UNESCO chifukwa cha topezeka zapadera anazindikira yosungirako biosphere posungira. Pa m'mphepete mwa nyanjayo, pa mchere chithaphwi midzi kumeneko. Iwo umakhala pafupi. Mwachitsanzo, kumadzulo gombe mzinda ali nalo dzina lomwelo, umene uli likulu amakhalabe wa West Azerbaijan. Likulu la East Azerbaijan, wachitatu mzinda waukulu wa Iran kwa zaka 4000 za mbiri ndi anthu miliyoni theka - Tabriz. Awa ndi midzi yaikulu ndi masitepe a nyanza, womangidwa ndi pamsewupo, anamanga pa damu anasiyanitsa nyanja pawiri.

amachititsa shallowing

M'madera onse ozungulira pali oposa 14 miliyoni. Anthu, chimene chimafuna wambirimbiri madzi. Chimenechi ndi chifukwa chimodzi shoaling wa Urmia. Inamangidwa mu 2008, damu, kulumikiza East ndi West Azerbaijan, sanali patsogolo zachilengedwe la nyanja, komanso m'madamu kuti damu la mtsinje ukuyenda. Kuya atsopano a m'nyanja Urmia m'madera ena zonyozeka ndithu. Kumathandiza shallowing ndi chilala, yomwe inayamba mu 1998.

pakhomo la tsoka

Akatswiri amanena pa nkhani ya mofulumira yomaliza ya ku nyanza, m'malo iye adzakhala ali kuno kuposa biliyoni 10. Matani mchere ndipo palibe anthu, monga iwo adzakhala kuti achoke kwawo. Alamu anakweza asayansi padziko lonse asonyeza kuti mu nkhani ya chosalanga kale mu 2018 pa malo a nyanjayi m'madambo, anamveka. Ngakhale mu 2011 Anthu amene zotheka kuti apulumutse nyanja, m'ndende. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa madzi abstracted ku thupi ili la madzi chofunika kuthirira minda. Motero, boma anasankha wamng'ono zoipa ziwiri.

Zolinga kupulumutsa

Ntchito pa chipulumutso cha posungira inayamba mu 2012 pamene chilolezo Armenia wakhala analandira pa kulanda madzi Urmia gawo la Republic. Ku dziwe aku Iran silinathe kwathunthu, kukumbukira tsoka chisoni Nyanja Aral, asayansi a m'mayiko ambiri anayamba njira kupulumutsa nyanja. Pali zolinga zingapo, ndipo ambiri a iwo cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa withdrawals madzi nyanja ndi mitsinje kudyetsa izo zolinga za ulimi. Koma posachedwapa, ziyembekezo chachikulu pa Nyanja ya Caspian. Ngati ntchito, ntchito ya academicians ndi akatswiri 500 ochokera m'mayiko 50 mayiko onse (akatswiri amenewa anali zinachitikira chokwanira tingaphunzire mu chitukuko cha chitsitsimutso cha Nyanja Aral), lakonzedwa molondola ndipo kudzachitika, kubwezeretsa zonse buku la madzi m'nyanja akhoza kuyembekezera 2023.

Favorite nyanja

anthu wamba kutikonda kwambiri dziwe wanu. Choyamba, madzi ndi wandiweyani, ofunda ndi machiritso - zabwino kwambiri kusambira mu izo. Chachiwiri, wapadera amene anatenga maonekedwe zachilendo zilumba ka mchere (nkhonya ya Osman), gombe Kuphunzira mu achirendo kwambiri chifukwa cha mchere, kubalalitsa dzuŵa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi onse, wokongola kwambiri ndi wapadera malo ozungulira nyanja Urmia. Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi, pamwamba, anasonyeza izi kukongola nkhanza ndi wofatsa. Pagombe, mungapeze zosiyanasiyana timibulu zazikulu mosiyanasiyana ndi akalumikidzidwa - anthu mabanja kubwera kuyenda m'mbali mwa nyanja ya mosungiramo lapamtima.

Njira yaikulu

Kumene, Urmia Nyanja n'chochititsa mantha kwambiri: ataima pakati pa chipululu woyera ndi mchere zacita aliyense imalankhula zosafunika nyumba anasiya nthawi yomweyo gombe kale apa, mitengo lopuwala. Choncho, asayansi a dziko ndi kuyesetsa kupewa ngozi ina chilengedwe ndi kubwerera ku mtendere ndi kukongola. Boma aku Iran, pamodzi ndi Development Programme UN mukufuna kuti aganyali mu kuuka kwa nyanja 1.3 bln. Madola. ndalama adzakhala kupita osati kutengerapo madzi ndi zinthu zina (mwachitsanzo, Araz Mtsinje), komanso kusintha dzuwa la mowa madzimadzi otengedwa nyanja zolinga za ulimi. phukusi tichipeza 25 ziganizo zomwe onse utoto mwatsatanetsatane.

Bright Pamaso Iran

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti ngakhale tsopano, pamene yaikulu aku Iran dziwe ali mu mkhalidwe ngati osauka, pali zambiri zinthu zimene kulandira chithandizo. Kodi Nyanja Urmia pafupi ndi phiri la Ararati, kum'mwera kwa mapiri Chiameniya. Mukhoza kuchikwaniritsa motere. Mu Tabriz, pali ndege, Urmia ndi midzi ina ya Iran anagwirizana motorway zodabwitsa. Ku mizinda iwiri mwachindunji nyanja akhoza anafika pa basi kapena nditenge takisi.