Ali ku Central Forest Reserve? Chapakati Forest State Biosphere Reserve: kufotokoza, chikhalidwe ndi chidwi mfundo

Komanso, kuti dziko lathu omwe amapezeka kuti mibadwe yalelo ndi topezeka wapadera, kumene mungasangalale chikhalidwe mu maonekedwe ake kopambana, penyani nyama ufulu kupuma fungo wopatsa moyo wa maluwa ndi zitsamba! Mmodzi wa ngodya anthu - chapakati Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve. Ilinso ndi nkhani yachilendo, zovuta zakale ndi mphatso zopambana. Asayansi amathera kafukufuku wawo zofunika, potero kuonetsetsa kuti kuli zinthu zachilengedwe zina Russian. Koma malo ndi lotseguka kwa anthu onse okonda zachilengedwe. Makamaka ana Masukani apa. Pakuti iwo ikuchitikira ntchito chidwi mu chikhalidwe, maulendo, ndi Baba Yaga, yemwe amakhala ku nkhalango, limakonza botanists achinyamata ndi maphunziro mayeso weniweni.

Location

Chapakati Forest State Nature Reserve lili pa mayiko a m'dera Tver kum'mwera chakumadzulo wa Tver. Mu manambala, ndi malo poyerekezera ndi midzi yoyandikana lalikulu ndi ili:

• ku Moscow mu mzere molunjika ku malo pafupi 285 Km;
• kuchokera Kaluga, 274 Km;
• kuchokera Vitebsk 212 Km;
• ku Smolensk, 175 Km;
• ku Tver, 167 Km;
• kuchokera Rzhev 75 Km.

Pa makilomita 68 kuchokera malo otetezedwa akuwaza lodziwika bwino nyanja Seliger.

Mwachirengedwe, ku Central Forest State Nature Reserve lili Valdai Hills, pa okulira (Caspian-Baltic), malire kumtunda kwa mitsinje Volga ndi Western Dvina. Pafupi ndi malire a malo otetezedwa, mwina mwachindunji m'gawo lake amamenyedwa mwa kochokera pansi pa mitsinje Meza, Tyudma, Tudovka, Zhukopa.

Background malo

Places kumene yayikulu Forest Reserve Tver dera, ndi bwino adakalipo mpaka m'ma 20 chifukwa cha dongosolo nthaka ndi windfall dziko nkhalango anayambitsa mavuto vuto la zachuma. M'zaka za m'ma 18 anaitanidwa Okovskim kapena nkhalango Volkonski. Panali m'chipululu. Ochepa anatengera midzi pogona pamodzi ndi mitsinje ndi Tudovka Zhukopa. Mu nkhalango Okovskom akhasaka zing'onozing'ono General Romeyko, Sheremetiev ndi nzika angapo. Iwo onse kuno kusaka, ndipo zambiri mwa njira iliyonse nkhalango si ntchito, ndi Romeyko Kuwonjezera oletsa mbali yawo nkhalango kusunga dongosolo, oletsa poaching ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, ngakhale pa mapiri osiyana, kumene kunalibe madzi patsogolo, alimi kusuntha machitidwe kapena slash ndiponso kutentha njira kuchotsa dziko, analima iwo ndi kulenga midzi zogona.

Mu 1905, mantha ndi zisinthe, eni wakale wa dziko lawo anayamba kugulitsa, ndipo eni latsopano phindu ntchito pa iwo chimene iwo ankafuna. Iwo sanasinthe malo ndipo pambuyo Wamkulu October kuukira boma la 1017. Only mu 20s boma la Soviet pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la kusamala zachilengedwe.

masiteji m'munsi

Chigawo chapakati Forest Reserve Tver pa zolembedwa unakhazikitsidwa mu 1931 madzulo a Chaka Chatsopano maholide, pa 31 December. Komabe, kulenga ntchito zinayamba mu 1925. Ndiye, kucheza pulofesa wa Institute Pedagogical ku Smolensk, Grigory Leonidovich Manda, anatsogolera ulendo kuphunzira zachilengedwe pafupi Moscow ndi chigamulo kuti anali dziko Tver Region pakati pa Volga ndi kumpoto Dvina yabwino wosakanikirana kukhala nkhokwe achilengedwe. Izi akutsutsidwa lumbermen malo amenewo ndi mwachangu kudula mitengo kwambiri n'zofunika kuti dziko ataya phindu onse. Mu 1930, Manda anakonza ulendo watsopano ndi kumatanthauza dera lina m'dera limeneli. Kuyambira kulemba wake wakale amaphatikiza mahekitala 3,000 okha. Chifukwa cha khama la munthu uyu anaonekera Reserve ndi Manda anakhala mkulu wake.

mavuto odziwa

Mu 30-40s Reserve chapakati Forest pafupi Tver I ntchito bwinobwino ndi m'ndendemo - omangidwa ofesi, Laboratories, nyumba kwa antchito a msewu. Labor ndi anthu 61 amene panali 15 alonda ndi 21 kafukufuku. Zoyenera kuchita khama kwambiri kuti malo aang'ono okhala Vladimir Stanchinsky, anakonza njira Integrated ntchito. Koma munthu uyu mu 1941 anali miseche, kuzunzidwa m'ndende, ndipo anamwalira patapita chaka.

Boma ndalama za malo a zinkayenda bwino, zomwe zathandiza kuchita maphunziro ambiri ndipo muwuzeni ekoprogrammy zothandiza, koma nkhondo ndi kuwoloka. ogwira ntchito ambiri pa foni ndi mwaufulu anapita kutsogolo, mpumulo akuyesa kuchotsa malo ndi anthu wamba sagwira kukokera kutali chilichose. Mu 1941, zigawenga wagawo unathandizira pa malo a. Anazi ndipo ankatumikira awo apolisi kupita mwakuya mu nkhalango mantha, koma agwidwa ndi Manor chapakati ndi zakale, anawononga zopereka zambiri, ndi mipukutu, kuchititsa kuwononga 265 000, amene anali ndi ndalama wautali kwambiri kuti m'nthawi ya Soviet Union.

Atangomva kutsogolo anasamuka kumadzulo, ku Central Forest Reserve adapitiriza ntchito zake. ndodo yake inkakhala anthu 13 basi. Anthu pang'ono pang'ono anataya adapitiriza kachiwiri analenga zasayansi. Koma mu 1951, chaka ndi malo ataukitsidwa anali chatsekedwa ndipo ogwira ntchito ithe. Only mu zaka 9, imene kachiwiri anali anagonjetsa ndipo anataya kwambiri, izo anayambanso kutsitsimutsa. Mu 1985, malo uyu anali m'gulu maukonde UNESCO mayiko a malo otetezedwa. Tsopano ntchito dipatimenti sayansi, ndodo ya alonda, craniological zasayansi Buku mfundo, wophunzira moyo zimbalangondo bulauni, mudzi kukonzedwera ogwira ntchito, nyumba ya alendo ndi malo ogona alendo.

kapangidwe

Chapakati Forest Reserve chimakwirira kudera la mahekitala 70.500. Iwo agawidwa mabacteria:

• Warren pachimake;
• gawo lotetezedwa;
• ntchito zomveka.

Mu ngale kutetezedwa (dera mahekitala 24415) ntchito iliyonse kuti akuphwanya Eco-bwino mu chirengedwe. Pali zone a mpumulo mtheradi, ndi m'mudzi Otetezedwa.

Gawo lotetezedwa zone - Mzere wa dziko ndi ngale wozungulira m'lifupi 1 Km ndi malo okwana 130 km2. Pa muli midzi akatumbu capercailye nkhokwe panopa malire, zachilengedwe, zipilala achilengedwe.

The ntchito zomveka a m'dera ngati pali malo ndi capercailye panopa. Komanso, pali malo amene amaloledwa kusonkhanitsa bowa, cranberries ndi zipatso zina, ndikutchetcha udzu, ndodo nsomba nsomba.

Features zachilengedwe

Chapakati Forest State Biosphere Reserve lagona pa zigwa mapiri, chogwidwa ndi mitundu ya mpumulo glacial. Pamwamba pa nyanja, pamalo okwera mamita 220-280. Dera malo ukufanizidwa ndi zitunda moraine. Palinso nyanja beseni. Ambiri, madzi ndi zambiri - iliyonse 1 km2 za 750 meters m'mitsinje. Pansi ali okha 3 meters kuchokera pamwamba. m'madera ambiri (mahekitala 6323) yokutidwa ndi zithaphwi. Pakati pawo, "Verkhovskii Moss", "Staroselsky Moss", "Demikhovsky Moss" ndi yaikulu "Katin Moss."

Nthaka kusunga dongosolo ndi zachilendo. Pali kuwaika, podsolic, chithaphwi, peat, manyowa, zimene alluvial, glei primers ndi ma zosiyanasiyana zace, mwachitsanzo, sod podsolic, peat podzolic gleyey.

Nyengo mu malo mvula ndipo ozizira m'chilimwe pafupifupi kutentha pafupifupi +16 ° C, m'nyengo yozizira -10 ° C, masiku dzuwa, 45%.

Flora

Chapakati Forest Reserve ndi zomera ndi osauka, chifukwa peculiarities nyengo ndi nthaka. Apa chimakhala chogwidwa ndi zomera European, mitundu 546 yokha makamaka kukula bwino mu mthunzi. Pakati pawo, ndi busa - 490 mitundu ya zitsamba ndi zitsamba nyenyezi yaing'ono - 34 mitundu ya mitengo - 16 mitundu, chikhalidwe - 6 mitundu. malo likukula birch, Aspen, Elm, phulusa, paini, spruce (pali mbali chofunika kwambiri kum'mwera nayonso spruce), linden, thundu, alder.

Mwa zomera herbaceous pali nthumwi zambiri za Red Book Mwachitsanzo, grozdovik, kuyambiranso kuona mtima, slipper yamunthu. Zitsamba ndi maluwa malo Tingaone camomile, mallow, Ivan da Marya, belu Mumapezekanso, calla, Veronica, lungwort, avens, ndi m'madambo ndi pafupi iwo kukula blueberries, cranberries, cloudberries, mabulosi akuda.

zomera

Paradaiso wathu pang'ono anakhala chapakati Forest Reserve. Nyama ndiye anapereka mitundu 335-TH. Nyama mu malo a aakulu (zimbalangondo, mimbulu, mphalapala, amphaka, nkhandwe, mphalapala, Boar zakutchire, roe gwape) ndi yaing'ono (makoswe, mileme, otters, minks, ferrets, yoongoka, timadontho-timadontho, hedgehogs) - okwana 56 mitundu. Taonanso pa malo achule (achule, achule, newts), abuluzi, njoka. Mu Mitsinje likuyenderera mu dera la malo amene amapezeka mitundu 18 ya nsomba. Koma zosiyanasiyana kwambiri apa, ndithudi, mbalame. 250 mitundu analemba onsewo. nthambi zimalira warbler, goldfinches, orioles, Mbalame, flytrap, finch, warbler, phwiti, malalanje magazi. Usiku akadzidzi kupita kusaka ndi akadzidzi, peregrine tsiku zimadutsa, mabanga mphungu, ziwombankhanga golide, red-footed kabawi. amatunga pafupi kukaikira mazira abakha, woodcocks, snipe, cranes, herons. Chokongoletsera malo ndiwo capercaillie, amene mwapadera kutetezedwa opha nyama.

Chakudya ambiri a mbalame tizilombo, amene anayesedwa mu malo 600 mitundu. Si onse owayimilira ndi zokondweretsa kuziyang'ana ndi chabwinobwino, koma za kukongola agulugufe, palibe aliyense mikangano. Iwo 250 mitundu. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri asilikali, mkuwa Gulugufe, perlamutrovka, limonnitsa, polygonia.

ulendowu kudutsa

Chapakati Forest Reserve Biosphere rad ndi ana ndi akulu omwe. Apa, okonda zachilengedwe zidzakuthandizani njinga zingapo. Atatu a iwo yochepa, pafupifupi kilometre yaitali, koma chidwi. Apa, apaulendo kuyembekezera Baba Yaga, koma osati kudya iwo ndi kuwapatsa mayeso a chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe cha malo amenewa. Mathotho ndi:

1. "Chinsinsi Forest Okovskogo". mazana atatu paini limakula pano mamita 46 mkulu, anapereka kuonera nsanja, ndipo njira yonse ndi bwalo ndi matabwa.
2. "Forest zilembo". njira iyi ndi chidwi kuphunzira kuda okhala nkhalango, zitsanzo zomwe anayikidwa pa zipangizo.
3. "Staroselsky Moss." njira iyi umadutsa chithaphwi, komanso kunapangitsa matabwa njira. Pa inu mukhoza amasirira osati mbalame (lapwings, sandpipers, wagtails, cranes), komanso ose ngakhale zimbalangondo, nthawi zina tikuyandikira dambo kudya zipatso.

Akuluakulu mu malo cholinga maulendo pafupifupi 25 kuchokera mu utali. Kupita mwakuya mu nkhalango ndipo anapanga chaperone. Izi "Red Mill", "Barsuchiha" ndi "Siberia". Pa maulendo okonzeka kanyumba, kumene mukhoza kukhala omasuka, kudya ndiponso ngakhale tulo.

Ndandanda ndi mitengo

Chapakati Forest Reserve mu Region Tver ndi lotseguka kwa alendo sabata (kupatula Loweruka ndi Lamlungu) kuchokera 10:00 m'mawa mpaka 12:00 masana a tsiku, kenako ola chakudya, kenako kupitiriza ntchito ndi masiku 13-00 kwa 16-00 masana. Mtengo yopemphera ndi:

• zaka zaka 10 - rubles 50;
• kwa zaka 16 - 75 rubles;
• akuluakulu - 150 rubles.

Support pa njira kutalika 25 Km ofunika 1000 rubles tsiku 1.

Tinapita ku nyumbayi ndalama rubles 250 400 (malingana ndi kukula gulu).

Usiku mu malo ndi zotheka rubles 300 patsiku (mu Zaimka ndi dormitory) ndi rubles 600 mu nyumba ya alendo.

Kusamukira ku mzinda Nelidovo (42 Km from m'mudzi chosasintha) mu njira imodzi ndi ku rubles 600 kwa 3000, malingana kalasi zoyendera unit.