Station "Mirny" mu Antarctica: ndondomeko, makamaka

Antarctica - kum'mwera kumtunda, ndi ozizira kwambiri, zomwe ndi chidwi kukula chifukwa kusintha posachedwapa nyengo pa dziko ndi wosaperewera kuchuluka kwa madzi abwino. kontinenti ichi, chimene ankakopa ofufuza ndi otulukira. Woyambirira Soviet siteshoni "Mtendere" chinali chiyambi cha zikuluzikulu kafukufuku Antarctica Soviet ndi Russian sayansi. Ndipo ngakhale lero Africa isanu okwerera zoweta kumalo ozizira, woyamba akugwirabe ntchito ndi kutumikira monga m'munsi ndi kuthandiza anthu ofufuza kumalo ozizira.

Kopita - siteshoni "Mtendere" (Antarctica)

Kugombe la kum'mawa kwa Antarctica mu gawo Indian la Southern Ocean, pa gombe la Davis, mu mavuto, pamene mwezi pafupifupi kutentha sizichitika kuphatikiza-chaka chonse, ndipo masiku 204 chaka mphepo ikuwomba pa liwiro la zoposa 15 m / gawo., Ndi pano ili ndi siteshoni kumalo ozizira. Amayang'anira "Mtendere" siteshoni 66 ° 33'30 "ufuluwo kum'mwera ndi 93 ° 00'02" longitude kum'mawa. siteshoni ili pafupi pa Arctic Circle, 10 December 10 January, dzuwa sililowa, umatchedwa tsiku kumalo ozizira. Ndipo mmalo mwa usiku kumalo ozizira, madzulo kumalo ozizira apa onse chaka.

Kumalo ozizira siteshoni "Mtendere": mbiri ya chilengedwe

Mu January 1956, a dizilo magetsi ngalawa "ob" tidakocheza m'mphepete mwa Davis Sea. Yomanga ndi kafukufuku zasayansi Mikhail Somov - ndi wasayansi kwambiri ndi wofufuza kumalo ozizira ndi mutu wa woyamba Russian yozizira ku Antarctica. Siteshoni inamangidwa pa anayi thanthwe outcrops. Tinayesetsa onse 86 adalira mamembala maola 12 patsiku. Ngakhale nyengo anatembenuka zoipa February, ntchito sanaime. Kale 13 February 1956 pa mbewu pamalo "Mtendere" analeredwa ndi boma mbendera ya USSR, namgwira kutsegula wake waulemerero. siteshoni munali Radio Center, Observatory, maholo kafukufuku, kugula ndi zogona nyumba, malo zachipatala ndi outbuildings ancillary. Total 21 kapangidwe inamangidwa, ambiri a iwo ndi Kutentha chapakati.

Observatory "Mtendere"

Wa chisanu pa Africa, izi ndi wamkulu. Malowa ali pamtunda pamalo okwera mamita 35 kuchokera pamwamba pa nyanja, kumadzulo kwa kubwereketsa glacier Helen. Kuyambira February 1956 mpaka pano imachitika nyengo ndi dzuwa cheza kuyang'anila zonse imalankhula radiosondes. Popeza penipeni, ndi m'munsi chachikulu cha Maulendo Russian Antarctic, amene anapanga mapu nyengo, chivomezi olembedwa ndipo anakhalabe kuzipenya ionospheric. Only kuyambira mu 1971, siteshoni "Mtendere" kutsogoleredwa ndi "Youth" siteshoni kuti wakhala anatembenuka pansi pa Antarctic nyengo Center.

Aerodrome "Mtendere" siteshoni

Mu 1990, chisanu ndi siteshoni ayezi airfield wakhala unusable chifukwa ming'alu ambiri. Kwa zaka zingapo anali woyeza yofunafuna malo atsopano. Kuyambira February 2016 watsopano siteshoni ndege analandira gulu loyamba. US mawiro ski gulu Basler Turbo anatola ku siteshoni 61 Russian Antarctic ulendo, kusiya 21 Pakuti yozizira kumalo ozizira. Kufunika kwa chochitika mu malo oyamba ndi kuti maulalo mpweya ndi kumtunda kum'mwera masauzande angapo mtengo kuposa nyanja. A kubwezeretsedwa kwa airfield pa siteshoni "Mtendere" timapitiriza ofufuza.

Modern siteshoni kafukufuku Antarctica, "Mtendere"

Masiku ano, malo ozungulira 15-20 monga mbali ya nyengo ndi zolembedwa m'mabuku a gulu tasked ndi nyengo zosonkhanitsira deta ndi yokonza nyengo mapu. Koma osati ndodo kafukufuku nyengo ntchito pamalopa. Pali njira nsomba m'madzi la Southern Ocean, younikira kanjira makina ali geodetic ndi geophysical maphunziro a magnetosphere dziko lapansi. Koma ambiri Chofunika - Powunika momwe zinthu ayezi ndi mphamvu kudziwika zoyenda ziwiya kufufuza m'deralo.

Tanthauzo la m'mbiri

siteshoni anakhala pachipata cha Mabwinja a Antarctica pa gawo la USSR. Mofanana 1956 tirigu-mbozi adutsa kuchokera "Mtendere" lafikira South Geomagnetic Pole, komwe lero ndi Russian siteshoni "Vostok". Station "Mtendere" lero - zoni m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi awo makhoti kalasi ndi kafukufuku amphamvu m'munsi. The linanena bungwe la USSR pa Africa kum'mwera pakati Chidani nkhondo, mwachirendo zokwanira, zachititsa kuti mapeto mu 1959 ku Washington, DC kalekale pangano pa Antarctica. Mgwirizano anasonyeza ufulu kafukufuku ndi lamulo la nkhondo la America, kupanda ulamuliro pa dziko chilichonse dziko ndi kuletsa chiyesedwe cha zida. Choncho siteshoni "Mtendere" chakufika kukhala mtendere wa Africa kum'mwera.

mfundo zoseketsa

• Ndipo lero, zabwino chitetezo pa 80 digiri ozizira - nsapato. Kumalo ozizira wintering okwerera ku Antarctica, mfundo zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zithunzi zambiri.
• ofufuza kumalo ozizira konse analamulira anyani. N'zosadabwitsa kuti ngakhale umakhala pafupi, mbalame zimenezi si analamulira, kuti saopa anthu. Iwo imatsimikizirika kuti ngati nyimbo zachikhalidwe - poyandikira kumva ake. Koma osati ngati thanthwe.
• makampani Tourism mu dziko mumapereka maulendo kuti malo Antarctic. Lero, maulendo kum'mwera kumtunda kuti amayenda pakati pa 200 ndi 1,000 ngwazi chaka.
• Russia akhoza nzika ya Antarctic. Big Eyiti maiko (Russia, USA, Canada, Japan, UK, Germany, Italy ndi France) kuti anasaina mgwirizano umene Africa kum'mwera kwa pulogalamu kuthetsa adzayamba mu 2020. Kusankha zovuta ndi zenizeni, koma mwayi kukhala nzika ya Antarctica ndi nzika iliyonse lathuli.
• Ngakhale pa anthu kum'mwera kumtunda ayi. M'chaka cha okwerera kafukufuku 40 Antarctica ndi antchito zikwi zisanu, ndi za anthu zikwi m'nyengo yozizira.

Dzina la siteshoni "Mtendere" anali mu ulemu wa munthu wa sloops awiri, amene January 1820 motsogozedwa Thaddeus Bellingshausen ndi Mikhail Lazarev anapeza kum'mwera Africa, ndipo oyamba kufika m'mphepete mwake. Ngati chizindikiro cha kupitiriza mu chitukuko cha aakulu kumtunda siteshoni lero akupitiriza kukwaniritsa ake udindo amafotokoza mfundo ndi mlatho m'mbuyomu atulukira wathu nthawi ndipo ndi curator za m'madzi ndi dziko kayendedwe.