Ntchito ndi "kasupe wa Bakhchisarai": Mwachidule

ndakatulo Pushkin ya chidwi osati kwa luso, komanso ku mawonedwe kuphunzira zamoyo wa zokonda zake zolembalemba. Makamaka, pa nthawi choncho ndi kutikonda kwambiri ntchito za Byron, ndipo analemba mabuku angapo potsanzira wotchuka England. Ena mwa iwo ndi "kasupe wa Bakhchisarai" - ntchito odzipereka akakula anavomereza ndakatulo yekha, chibwenzi chake, dzina lero akhala chinsinsi biographers wake.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Akatswiri ena kuona kuti Pushkin anamva chikondi nthano ya Crimea Khan kumbuyo mu Petersburg. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, iye anaphunzira pa ulendo wake Bakhchisarai ndi General Rajewski banja mu yophukira kumayambiriro kwa chaka 1820. Komanso, ngakhale nyumba yachifumu kapena kasupe si chidwi iye, chifukwa iye anali ziyambe kukonzedwa kwambiri.

The ntchito pa ndakatulo "The Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai" (zili pansipa) unayambitsidwa m'chaka cha 1821, koma zambiri za ndakatulo analemba pa 1822. Komanso, amadziwika kuti kulowa linalengedwa 1823, ndi kumalizitsa ndi kukonzekera kusindikiza anapanga Vyazemsky.

Amene anakhala zinachitika wa mawonekedwe a ndakatulo "The Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai"?

Mmodzi wa atchulidwa cha ntchito imeneyi ndi Khan Giray, m'malo Qırım Giray, mwini Crimea, amene analamulira kuyambira 1758 mpaka zaka 1764th. Iwo anali naye pa nyumba ya Bakhchisarai anaonekera "Kasupe wa Misozi" ndi zina zambiri. Mwa iwo anaima mausoleum, ndipo malinga ndi nthano anaikidwa chikondi chatha Khan - Dilara-Bikech anaphedwa ndi manja poisoner. Mwa njira, ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti ndi kukumbukira mtsikanayu inamangidwa kubuma nsangalabwi chipilala, exudes dontho la madzi. Choncho, n'zotheka kuti heroine lenileni, amene zoyenera ndakatulo "The Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai", mwachidule lopatsidwa pansipa, sanali Polish mtsikana wina dzina lake Maria. Achokera nthano uyu wolemekezeka? Mwina anabwera mu banja Sofi Kiselevoy, nee Potocka, amene ndakatulo anali ochezeka kwambiri.

"The Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai" Pushkin. Chidule cha mbali yoyamba

Mu nyumba yake chisoni Khan Giray anaiwala mpumulo ndi chisangalalo. Sakufuna kapena nkhondo kapena machenjerero a adani. Iye amapita kumpanda wa akazi, kumene mkazi wake wokongola akuvutika kulakalaka caresses wake, ndi kumva nyimbo ya anthu amene kuimbira ulemerero wa Chijojiya Zarema, akuitana kukongola kwake harem. Komabe, kwambiri ankakonda wolamulirayo salinso anangomwetulira monga Khan anasiya kukonda mkazi wake, ndipo tsopano kulamulira mtima wake Mariya. Msungwana Polish posachedwapa anakhala harem Bakhchisarai yachifumu , ndipo samaiwala kunyumba ya bambo ake, ndi udindo wake kuchilemekeza mwana akale bambo ndi Mkwatibwi enviable Atsogoleri ambiri highborn amene ankafuna dzanja lake.

Kodi izi ngati mwana wa mfumu Giray Khan kapolo-mtsikana? Chitata khamu anasefukira mu Poland ndi kuwononga nyumba ya bambo ake, ndipo iye anakhala nyamazo, ndi mphatso ya mtengo wapatali kwa mbuye wake. Mu ukapolo, iye anakhala kwathu, ndipo tsopano ndi chimwemwe chokha - pemphero pamaso pa fano la Namwali Wodalitsidwa, amene usana ndi usiku magetsi inextinguishable nyale. Maria yekhayo amene ali mu nyumba yachifumu ya Khan analola kusunga mu zophiphiritsa chipinda-selo wake wa chikhulupiriro yachikristu, ngakhale thupi si anathana kusokoneza mtendere ndi panokha.

Zochitika Maria ndi Zarema msonkhano

nkhani yotsatira ndi linasokonekera ndi ntchito ndi kunditumiza ku gawo la nyumba yachifumu, kumene zipinda Mariya.

Usiku anabwera. Komabe, sakugona Zarema, amene sneaks mu chipinda kwa msungwana Polish n'kuona chifanizo mwa Namwali Mariya. Chijojiya lachiwiri anati kwawo lakutali, koma kenako maso ake imagwera pa akugona Mary. Zarema agwada kutsogolo kwa Polish Mfumukazi ndipo anapempha iye kubwerera ku mtima wake Giray. Woken Maria akufunsa mkazi wake wokondedwa wa Khan, kuti ankafunika mkaidi wosasangalala kulota kokha kuti ndipite kwa atate wake wakumwamba. Zarema ndiye akamuuza iye kuti sakumbukiranso mmene inatha mu Bakhchisarai Palace, koma ukapolo sanakhale mtolo wake, monga iye anakonda Giray. Komabe, maonekedwe a Maria anawononga wachimwemwe, ndipo ngati salandira kubwerera naye ku mtima wa Khan, iye sanaleke pa chilichonse. Popeza ndatsiliza mawu ake, ndi kusiyiratu Chijojiya, kusiya Mary chisoni kwambiri wake zowawa ndi maloto imfa zikuwoneka bwino tsogolo la adzakazi Khan a.

pamapeto

Izo zakhala kanthawi. Mariya anapita kumwamba, koma sanathe kubwerera Zarema Giray. Komanso usiku womwewo, pamene kalonga dziko lochimwa ili, ndi Chijojiya anaponyedwa m'nyanja. Khan yekha anagonjera ku zokondweretsa za nkhondo chiyembekezo kuiwala za kukongola Polish mtsikana, ndipo sanali kusonyezanso izo. Koma analephera, ndipo anabwerera Bakhchisarai, Giray analamula kuti amange pokumbukira Mfumukazi kasupe kuti Virgin Tauris, mukudziwa nkhani izi, amatchedwa "Kasupe wa Misozi".

"The Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai": kusanthula zithunzi za ngwazi za

Monga tanenera kale, mmodzi wa anthu otchulidwa chapakati ndakatulo ndi Khan Giray. Komanso, wolemba amadwala mbiri. Ndipotu khalidwe lake kusokoneza "machenjerero a Genoa", mwachitsanzo. E., Iye anakhala pasanafike 1475, chaka, ndi kasupe wotchuka inamangidwa 1760s lapansi. Komabe, otsutsa zolembalemba Nganizilani ichi kusiyana zenizeni mbiri kwambiri zachilengedwe ndi chibadidwe romanticism.

Komanso ena ndakatulo ya Byron, ndi "kum'maŵa khalidwe" amakhazikitsa antagonist-European. Komabe, Pushkin yekha Giray, amene anagwa mchikondi ndi Mkhristu Mariya ananyamuka ku mfundo zake kum'mawa ndi makhalidwe ake. Choncho, si zokwanira chilakolako Zarema, amene anakhala Achimuhamadi harem. Komanso, amalemekeza mmene kalonga Polish, kuphatikizapo anthu achipembedzo.

Koma mafano wamkazi, kum'mawa kukongola Zarema, umene chinthu chachikulu mu moyo - chikondi cha chibadwidwe, ya Pushkin Siyanitsani kwachiyero Mfumukazi Mary. La zilembo zitatu zimene anayimiridwa mwa ndakatulo "The Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai" (mwachidule chimangooneka aukira wa original), chidwi kwambiri Zarema. fano lake amakhala ndi "kum'mawa" Giray Khan ndi "kumadzulo" Polish mtsikana, amene akulota yekha wa ufumu wa kumwamba. Potsatira miyambo ya Byron mu ndakatuloyi pa "The Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai" Pushkin (a chidule cha ntchito imeneyi onani pamwamba) masamba kwambiri unsaid. Makamaka, owerenga Ngodziwa kuti Maria anafa, koma ndi chifukwa chake akhoza anaganiza pa.

Wina, koma zopanda moyo wopambana wa ndakatulo "The Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai" ndi pakokha nsangalabwi chipilala anamangidwira Giray. Zikuoneka kuti kuphatikiza mu misozi anakhetsa ndi Mary pamaso chizindikiro cha Lady athu, ndi kuya madzi, amene adapha wosasangalala Zarema. Choncho, ndakatulo "The Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai" (kusanthula mankhwala akadali ndi nkhani ya mtsutso amakhala zolembalemba) anakhala wachiwiri Byronic ndakatulo ndi Pushkin ndi msonkho ake romanticism.

mbiri buku

Ndakatulo "The Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai", mwachidule zomwe muli kale bwino, anali woyamba lofalitsidwa March 10, 1824 ku St. Petersburg. Ndipo mlembi wa oyamba ake anakhala Vyazemsky, amene analemba mu mawonekedwe a kukambirana pakati pa "tingachipeze powerenga" ndi "wofalitsa". Ndiponso, mawu a ndakatulo wake "The Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai" (chidule cha ntchito mukudziwa kale) Pushkin Vyazemsky analamula kusindikiza nkhani za ulendo wa wolemba Tauris I. M. Muraveva-Apostol. Pali bambo wa Decembrists atatu wotchuka anafotokoza ulendo wake ku Palace ya Khan Giray ndi amangotchula otchulidwa za nthano za chikondi chake Marii Pototskoy.

The kuvina "The Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai"

Mu 1934, chaka wotchuka Soviet Wolemba B. Astafieva lingaliro kulemba nyimbo horeodramy wa AS Pushkin. chakuti ndakatulo "The Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai", mwachidule amene anapereka pamwamba kalekale chidwi monga nthaka yachonde kwa chilengedwe cha ntchito zochititsa chidwi nyimbo. Posachedwapa, mu mgwirizano ndi librettist N. Volkov, wotsogolera S. Radlov ndi choreographer R. Zakharov B. Astafev kuvina analengedwa, umene uli kale zaka zoposa 80 sasiya zochitika za ambiri Russian ndi dziko zisudzo.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe "Bakhchisarai Kasupe" - ndakatulo ndi Pushkin, analenga potsanzira Byron mu kufanana kum'mwera.