Non-Kakhungu organelles maselo: mitundu, kapangidwe, ntchito

Animal maselo, zomera ndi bowa zigwirizana mbali zitatu zikuluzikulu: madzi a m'magazi Kakhungu, phata ndi cytoplasm. Mabakiteriya amasiyana iwo chifukwa alibe phata, koma iwonso Kakhungu ndi cytoplasm.

Kodi cytoplasm?

Ichi ndi mbali mkati mwa selo imene akhoza kukhala wolemekezeka hyaloplasm (madzi sing'anga), ndipo organelles (organelle). Inclusions - ndi mapangidwe si nthawi zonse mu khungu, limene kwakukulukulu akuimira m'malovu kapena zakudya timibulu m'malo. Organelles - dongosolo okhazikika. Monga thupi yaikulu zinchito mayunitsi ndi matupi, kotero mu khola ntchito zonse zazikulu zimagwiridwa ndi organelles.

Kakhungu ndipo sanali Kakhungu organelles maselo

Woyamba ogaŵikana odnomembrannye ndi dvumembrannye. Only otsiriza awiri - ndi mitochondria ndi chloroplasts. Ndi odnomembrannym monga lysosomes, zida Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum (endoplasmic reticulum), vacuoles. About organelles sanali Kakhungu, tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani ino.

Non-Kakhungu organelles dongosolo cha ndende

Zikuphatikizapo ribosomes, likulu selo ndi cytoskeleton anapanga microtubules ndi microfilaments. Komanso mu gulu ili zikhoza kuganiziridwa organelles kayendedwe wogwidwa ndi zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi, komanso maselo mwamuna kugonana nyama. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa dongosolo la organelles sanali Kakhungu ya maselo, kapangidwe awo ndi ntchito.

Kodi ribosome?

Izi si Kakhungu organelles maselo, zomwe zigwirizana ribonucleoproteins. Kapangidwe lawo kumaphatikizapo magawo awiri (subunits). Mmodzi wa iwo ndi wochepa - lalikulu. Pa zina, iwo ali osiyana. N'zokhudza pamene ribosome akuyamba kugwira ncthito.

Kukakomana ndi organelles sanali Kakhungu maselo kwa kaphatikizidwe mapuloteni. Ndicho chifukwa kumasulira ndondomeko - kujowina amino zidulo mu unyolo polypeptide mu dongosolo linalake, mfundo limene anakopera ku DNA mRNA ndi olembedwa.

Kukula ribosomes ndi makumi awiri nanometers. chiwerengero cha organelles izi mwa selo akhoza kufika mpaka makumi angapo zikwizikwi.

Mu eukaryotes, ribosomes ali hyaloplasm, ndi pamwamba pa akhakula endoplasmic reticulum. Iwo ali pano mu organelles dvumembrannyh: ndi mitochondria ndi chloroplasts.

cytocentrum

organelle iyi imakhala ndi centrosome, umene wazunguliridwa ndi tsentrosferoy. Centrosome zikuphatikizapo centrioles awiri - kanthu mkati yamphamvu wapangidwa microtubules. Tsentrosfera tichipeza anakafika ku malo radially microtubules ma. Komanso imakhala ndi filaments wapakatikati ndi microfibrils.

pakati Cell amagwira ntchito monga mapangidwe spindle mitotic. Iye alinso malo a gulu la microtubules.

Pankhani kapangidwe mankhwala organelle ichi, thunthu zofunika ndi puloteni tubulin.

organelle ili pakati zojambula wa khungu, kotero iye dzina ili.

Microfilaments ndi microtubules

Woyamba ndi filament mapuloteni akitini. awiri awo ndi 6 nm.

awiri ndi 24 nanometer microtubules. Makoma awo zimamangidwa mapuloteni tubulin.

Izi si khungu nembanemba organelles kupanga cytoskeleton, amene amathandiza kuti tikhalebe mawonekedwe nthawi zonse.

Wina microtubule ntchito - zoyendera chifukwa angachititse organelles ndi zinthu mchipindamo.

organelles kuyenda

Iwo ali a mitundu iwiri: cilia ndi michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana.

Oyamba zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi monga nsapato ciliates.

Michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana ndi Chlamydomonas, komanso mu umuna nyama.

Movement wa organelles zigwirizana mapulotini contractile.

Pomaliza

Pomaliza mwachidule.

Kotero ife anayang'ana pa organelles onse amene sanali nembanemba wa zomera, nyama, bowa ndi mabakiteriya, kapangidwe ndi ntchito zawo.