Nkhani nkhalango - chodula mitengo. Chodula mitengo - vuto zachilengedwe. Forest - mapapo a dziko

Iwo kalekale asayansi kulankhula za mavuto a kusintha njira zamakono pa chilengedwe. Kusintha kwa nyengo, kusungunuka kwa madzi, kuchepetsa khalidwe la madzi akumwa ndi kungasokoneze kwambiri pa miyoyo ya anthu. Zachilengedwe padziko lonse kwa nthawi yaitali akuchenjeza za kuipitsidwa ndi chiwonongeko cha chilengedwe. Mmodzi wa akuluakulu mavuto a zachilengedwe ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa. mavuto Forest Tingaone makamaka m'mayiko kutukuka. Zachilengedwe amakhulupirira kuti kudula mitengo kumabweretsa zotsatira zoipa zambiri Dziko Lapansi ndi anthu. Popanda nkhalango sipadzakhala moyo Padziko Lapansi, m'pofunika kumvetsa amene kusonkhezera kusamala awo. Komabe, matabwa kalekale chofunika zodula. Ndipo kotero vuto chodula mitengo zimatheka movutikira amenewa. Mwina anthu samazindikira kuti moyo wawo wonse zimadalira topezeka izi. Ngakhale onse akhala akulemekezedwa nkhalango, nthawi zambiri kukupatsa ntchito zamatsenga. Iye anali breadwinner ndi wopatsa moyo kwa chilengedwe munthu. Anamkonda, mitengo ankachitira mosamala, ndipo iwo anachita kwa makolo athu mu chomwecho.

Nkhalango za dziko

M'mayiko onse, chachikulu kudula mitengo ikuchitika kulikonse dziko. vuto nkhalango kuti ndi chiwonongeko cha mitengo kupha zamoyo zambirimbiri nyama ndi zomera. Posasangalala bwino zachilengedwe m'chilengedwe. Pambuyo nkhalango - sikungokhudza mitengo. Izi topezeka zogwirizana, zochokera mogwirizana kwa mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera. Kuwonjezera mitengo, chofunika kwambiri linakhalapo ndi zitsamba, zomera herbaceous, lichens, tizirombo, ziweto ndi ngakhale tizilombo. Ngakhale misa kudula mitengo, komabe nkhalango kuphimba pafupifupi 30% ya malo dziko. Ichi ndi mahekitala oposa biliyoni 4 m'dziko. Anthu oposa theka la iwo - ndi Nkhalango. Komabe, chofunika kwambiri zachilengedwe a dziko akusewera bwino ndi kumpoto, makamaka coniferous magulu. Dziko olemera mu dziko ndi greenery - ndi Finland ndi Canada. Mu Russia pali pafupifupi 25% ya nkhokwe nkhalango dziko. Zina za mitengo onse otsala ku Ulaya. nkhalango tsopano zatenga yekha magawo atatu a m'gawo lake, ngakhale kalelo kuti anali zophimbidwa ndi mitengo. Ndipo Mwachitsanzo, mu England iwo pafupifupi wapita,% 6 okha a m'dzikolo zaperekedwa kwa m'mapaki ndi atsamunda.

Nkhalango

Iwo amakhala oposa theka gawo la m'minda wobiriwira. Asayansi amati pali mozungulira 80% a mitundu ya nyama kuti akhoza kuphedwa popanda topezeka mwachizolowezi. Komabe, kutha kwa nkhalango ya mitengo m'nkhalango tsopano zolimira. M'madera ena, monga Africa West kapena Madagascar, kale wataya pafupifupi 90% ya m'nkhalango. Zoopsa Zimene zikuchitika ku South America, kumene oposa 40% kudula mitengo. Vuto rainforest - si monga m'mayiko awo ili. Kuwonongedwa kwa oterowo khamu lalikulu m'mavuto zachilengedwe. Ndipotu, n'zovuta kuti aone ntchito yomwe nkhalango mu moyo wa anthu. Choncho, asayansi padziko lonse akuchenjeza.

Mtengo wa m'nkhalango

1. Imakhala anthu ndi mpweya. Sichangozi kuti nkhalango - mapapo dzikoli. Ndipo osati umabala mpweya, komanso zimatenga ena mwa kuipitsa malo ndi mankhwala, poyeretsa mpweya. topezeka mwanzeru bungwe amasonkhana mpweya, n'kofunika kuti kuli moyo padziko lapansi. Amathandizanso kupewa Kufunda, amene mantha kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe.
2. nkhalango amateteza madera ozungulira ku kusintha amphamvu kutentha, frosts usiku, amene akutsutsana amakhudza boma ulimi. Asayansi apeza kuti nyengo bata, kumene ambiri a m'deralo inamera mitengo.
3. Forest Ubwino mbewu akali chakuti chimateteza nthaka kuti yagwa ndi mphepo kulowerera, kugumuka ndi mudflows. Gawo, mitengo atachuluka, kupewa mchenga kulowererana.
4. Wood amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu kayendedwe ka madzi. Iwo osati Zosefera ndi masitolo mu nthaka, komanso amathandiza m'chaka pa vutoli wodzazidwa ndi mitsinje madzi ndi mitsinje, kuteteza malo waterlogging. nkhalango amatithandiza kusungabe mlingo wa pansi ndiponso kupewa osefukira. Mayamwidwe chinyezi ku mizu ya dothi ndi tima evaporation amachoka mu kumathandiza kupewa chilala.

The ntchito kwambiri mitengo ya mchaka anthu

m'madera Green ndi zofunika kwa munthu, osati chifukwa kuti zonse Kusintha kwa madzi ndi kupereka zamoyo zonse ndi mpweya. Mu nkhalango pali za zana zipatso ndi mabulosi mitengo ndi zitsamba, komanso mtedza, mitundu yoposa 200 zitsamba edible ndi mankhwala ndi bowa. Pali amapangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa nyamazo, mwachitsanzo sable, ndi marten, grouse kapena mapuloteni. Koma ambiri a munthu onse ayenera nkhuni. Ndi chifukwa ichi pali chodula mitengo. vuto nkhalango ndi kuti topezeka lonse umafa posowa mitengo. Choncho munthu chifukwa amafunika matabwa ndi?

1. Choyamba, izo ndithudi kumanga. Mwachitsanzo, mpaka tsopano pafupifupi nyumba ku midzi ya Siberia, anamanga nkhuni. Ngakhale zikamera zipangizo zamakono nyumbayi, iyo anaona zabwino. Matabwa komanso kupanga mipando, yazokonza pansi, mawindo ndi zitseko.
2. Wood ndi kutanganidwa kwambiri ndi makampani sitima. Komanso ambiri sleepers anapanga izo, ntchito kupanga magalimoto ndi milatho.
3. Kuyambira kalekale anthu akhala ankaona zabwino nkhuni nkhani shipbuilding.
4. Wood ndi yofunika mafakitale mankhwala kuti: therefrom kupanga turpentine, acetone, vinyo wosasa, labala, mowa, feteleza, pulasitiki. Izo ntchito mu khungu ndi ankaudaya mafakitale.
5. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri mtengo - ndi chuma chokha kupanga pepala. Tsopano chaka kusiya mamiliyoni ambiri kiyubiki mamita.
6. A wambirimbiri kwambiri nkhuni akadali ntchito nkhuni.
7. Okwana oposa 20,000 zinthu zofunika anthu ndi mtengo. Mwachitsanzo, nsalu, zidole, zoimbira kapena zinthu zamasewera.

Nkhalangozi

mavuto Forest wapatsidwa ndi kusamala, nthawi zambiri boma. Ndipotu, kuyambira kalekale yadulidwa nkhalango. Ndipo pafupifupi kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za mitengo yonse mbisoweka ku nkhope ya Dziko Lapansi kwa zaka 10,000 za moyo wa munthu. Makamaka kwambiri ndi zitsulo kudula nkhalango mu Ages Middle, pamene chikufunika danga kwambiri pa ntchito yomanga ndi minda. Ndipo tsopano chaka chilichonse anawononga pafupifupi 13 miliyoni mahekitala cha nkhalango, ndipo pafupifupi theka la iwo - malo anali asanawerengepo kale. N'chifukwa chiyani kudula nkhalango?

• njira ya pomanga (kwa anthu kukula kwa Dzikoli ankafunika kumanga mizinda yatsopano);
• monga Kale, pamene kuwaza nkhuni slash ndi kuwotcha ulimi, kumasula malo kulima;
• chitukuko ziweto amafuna danga kwa odyetserako;
• nkhalango zambiri kusokoneza m'zigawo mchere, choncho m'pofunika anthu patsogolo luso;
• ndipo potsiriza, nkhuni tsopano - chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwambiri, ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri.

Amene nkhuni akhoza kudula pansi

Iwo kalekale kutha kwa nkhalango ali chidwi asayansi. states ena akuyesetsa mwanjira zonse ndondomeko imeneyi. nkhalango zonse anagawidwa m'magulu atatu:

1. Ndikoletsedwa kudula. Awa ndi nkhalango, zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri kuonetsetsa bwino zachilengedwe mu dziko. Akamagwira kusamala madzi kapena ntchito pochvoohrannye. Nthawi zambiri, nkhalango izi ndiotetezedwa ndi kubwera mu nkhokwe zosiyanasiyana, malo osungirako zachilengedwe ndi malo zinyama. Pakuti kudula mitengo m'nkhalango amapereka udindo pa chigawenga.
2. Nkhalango Limited ntchito. Iwo zili m'madera amene kuli anthu, komanso amagwira ntchito zofunika kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti malo analola tsankho chodula mitengo. Vuto zachilengedwe zayamba chifukwa chakuti m'madera amenewa nthawi zambiri kukolola nkhuni koposa muyeso. Kupatula ngati yodula nkosaloledwa monga cholinga ukhondo, kuononga thanzi mitundu wapatali mitengo zogulitsa. Chotero kudula mitengo oletsedwa sizachilendo mu Russia. Vutolo inavuta chifukwa chakuti nkhalango yathu kwambiri kukhala nawo kunja, ndipo iye kulipira ndalama zambiri.
3. Yopanga nkhalango, anabzala mwachindunji nkhuni. Iwo tadulidwa kwathunthu, ndiyeno anabzala kachiwiri.

Mafomu chodula mitengo

Limati kwambiri, nkhani nkhalango ndi nkhawa asayansi ambiri ndipo akuluakulu aboma. Choncho, pa mlingo malamulo, pali chilolezo zochepa. Komabe, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri ikuchitika mozemba. Ndipo ngakhale amaona poaching chilango kumangowalipiritsa katundu kapena kumangidwa, zoopsa za nkhalango phindu akukulabe. Mwachitsanzo, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa Russia ndi pafupifupi 80% ikuchitika mozemba. Komanso, mtengo makamaka anagulitsa kunja. Ndipo kodi mitundu ya kudula mitengo ndinu nduna?

1. Otchedwa yodula. Kuchotsedwa pa nthawi yomweyo "kucha nkhalango", mitengo yamtengo wapatali yofunika mafakitale ndi kumanga. kanyumba Izi olimba (zomwe zitha ikuchitika nkhalango akale), zitsanzo zosankhidwazi (pamene akatswiri, zimene mitengo akhoza kudula pansi) ndi pang'onopang'ono.
2. Kupatulira zomera. Pankhaniyi, mitengo mwana tadulidwa pansi, kuteteza kukula mitengo yofunika kwambiri. zomera Young nthawi zambiri unachotsedwa mitengo ina zakudya ndi chinyezi.
3. Integrated kudula pamene malo kwathunthu ufulu zomera. Izi ukafunidwe pa kumanga ndi kuika misewu, mizere mphamvu, kapena pamene muyenera kupanga malo odyetserako ziweto, ndiponso minda.
4. Zimagwira kudula mavuto wamng'ono nkhalango. M'malo mwake, izo amachiza. Pankhaniyi, kudula yekha odwala ndi kuonongeka zomera. Mwachitsanzo anakhudzidwa ndi moto, wosweka kapena zakhudzana bowa yamkuntho.

kuwonongeka Kodi kudula mitengo

Vuto zachilengedwe za kutha kwa otchedwa "mapapo" a dziko liri kale nkhawa ambiri. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti likuoneka kuti ndichepe nkhokwe ya mpweya. Izi ziri chomwecho, koma si vuto lalikulu. Kupanda lonse kuti tsopano analandira chodula mitengo. Stock nkhalango kale Kanema amathandiza kuti muzione zinthu. Kodi zotsatira zake zimakhala:

• nkhalango topezeka oipa kutha, mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera;
• kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nkhuni ndi kuchuluka mbewu akutitsogolera kuti kuwonongeka mu khalidwe la moyo kwa anthu ambiri;
• Izo kumawonjezera chiwerengero cha carbon dioxide, imbaenda mmene kutentha;
• mitengo yaitali kuteteza nthaka (elution pamwamba wosanjikiza kumabweretsa mapangidwe a zigwembe, ndi kutsitsa mlingo pansi chifukwa cha chipululu);
• chinyezi nthaka ukuwonjezeka, chifukwa cha zomwe anapanga m'madambo;
• Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti kutha kwa mitengo pa malo otsetsereka zikubweretsa mofulumira kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana.

Malinga anapezazo ndi ofufuza, kudula mitengo kumabweretsa zomvetsa zachuma padziko lonse wolemera zankhaninkhani, 5 madola chaka.

Nkhalango amachotsedwa?

Kodi kudula mitengo? Photo m'dera kudula mitengo zinachitika posachedwapa, ndi maonekedwe unsightly: maliseche dera, pafupifupi lopanda zomera, stumps, mawanga hearths ndi n'kupanga anabala nthaka. Kodi izi zinachitika bwanji? Otchedwa "kudula" anasunga kuchokera nthawi imene mitengo tadulidwa pansi ndi nkhwangwa. Tsopano, izi zachitika ntchito chainsaws. Pambuyo mtengo nagwa pansi, kukadulidwapo miyendo, nazitentha. Adachitira thunthu pasanapite nthawi chichotsedwa. Ndipo kusuntha kwa danga mayendedwe portage, ngolo kuti thalakitala. Choncho, gulu otsala anabala lapansi ndi chinang'ambika kunja ndi kuwononga zomera m'tchire. Choncho anawononga zanthete, chimene chingalowe kutsitsimutsa nkhalango. Pa nthawi imeneyi kwathunthu akusokoneza bwino zachilengedwe ndi kulenga zinthu zina kwa zomera.

Kodi chimachitika pambuyo yodula

Pa malo poyera ndi zinthu zosiyana kotheratu. Choncho nkhalango latsopano limakula omwe m'dera kudula si lalikulu kwambiri. Chindiletsa zomera wamng'ono kwambiri:

• Kusintha milingo kuwala. Zomera m'tchire yemwe ankakhala moyo mu mithunzi, kufa.
• kutentha wina. Popanda chitetezo cha mitengo pali fluctuation lakuthwa mu kutentha, kawirikawiri frosts usiku. Komanso kumabweretsa imfa ya zomera zambiri.
• Kuwonjezeka chinyezi nthaka angachotsedwe waterlogging. Mphepo kuwomba chinyezi masamba kukula achinyamata sakhala ndi kuwalola bwinobwino.
• The lifotabe a mizu ndi kuwonongeka zinyalala nkhalango kumasula kwambiri mankhwala asafe kuti akatidzadza nthaka. Koma kuti kuli kwabwino kwa zomera iwo ayenera mchere zoterezi. Njira yachangu kuti clearings kukula rasipiberi kapena Rose-bwino anayamba mphukira wa birch kapena msondodzi. Choncho, kubwezeretsa nkhalango deciduous mofulumira, ngati munthu sikusokoneza mu ndondomeko imeneyi. Koma pambuyo kudula conifers kukula zoipa kwambiri, chifukwa iwo kubereka ndi mbewu, amene palibe zinthu zachilendo kwa chitukuko. Awa mavuto obwera ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa. Kuthetsa vuto - ndichiyani?

adiresi kudula mitengo

Ecologists njira zambiri kusunga nkhalango. Nawa ena mwa iwo:

• kusintha kuchokera pa pepala kuti pakompyuta, pepala yobwezeretsanso ndi osiyana zinyalala zosonkhanitsira kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito nkhuni kupanga pepala;
• kukhazikitsidwa kwa minda nkhalango, umene wakula mitengo ya mitengo yofunika kwambiri, ndi zazing'ono nthawi kukula;
• zoletsedwa pa kugwetsa ku malo otetezedwa ndi chilango cha izo;
• kuwonjezeka msonkho boma pa katundu wa mtengo kunja kuti izo opanda pake.

Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa sanayambebe nkhawa ndi munthu wamba. Komabe ambiri mwa mavuto kugwirizana ndi ichi. Pamene anthu onse adzazindikira chimene mitengoyo iwo moyo wabwinobwino, mwinamwake iwo kusamala kwambiri ndi mitengo. Munthu aliyense angathandize kuti chitsitsimutso nkhalango dziko zimene kudzala mtengo chimodzi.