Zinthu zopanda moyo chilengedwe: tanthauzo ndi zitsanzo. Mphamvu zinthu zachilengedwe zopanda moyo pa moyo wa munthu

Ubale - chimodzi mwa zigawo zazikulu za zamoyo zimene amaphunzira mogwirizana kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Environment zikuphatikizapo zinthu zosiyana wa zamoyo ndi chikhalidwe zopanda moyo. Iwo akhoza kukhala thupi ndi mankhwala. Mwa oyambirira angatchedwe mpweya kutentha, kuwala kwa dzuwa, madzi, kapangidwe nthaka ndi makulidwe a wosanjikiza wa. Zinthu zopanda moyo mulinso nyimbo nthaka, mpweya ndi madzi sungunuka zinthu. Komanso pali zifukwa za chilengedwe - ndi zamoyo kuti m'dera lino. Pa zachilengedwe anayamba kulankhula mu 60 ntchentche za m'ma otsiriza, anatuluka amalanga monga mbiri zachilengedwe, Koto nawo kuzipenya wa zamoyo ndi kufotokozera awo. Nkhani yotsatira pofotokoza zochitika zosiyanasiyana kuti kuumba chilengedwe. Ndipo anapezanso kuti zinthu zopanda moyo chilengedwe.

zambiri

Kuyamba kudziwa chifukwa zamoyo moyo mu malo ena. Funso anapereka naturalists pa phunziro la dziko, pamene iwo mndandanda wa anthu onse wozindikira. Ndiye zinawululidwa mbali ziwiri zimene zakhala anati mwa gawo. The choyamba - mu dera lililonse latsopano chimafotokozera mtundu watsopano amene sanali wapezeka kale. Nawonso mndandanda wa yololedwa mwalamulo. Chachiwiri - kaya ambiri mitundu, muli mitundu yambiri yaikulu ya zamoyo, zomwe wambiri malo amodzi. Choncho, biomes - ndi dera lalikulu zapamtunda. Gulu lililonse lili ndi matabwa ake, amene chimakhala chogwidwa ndi zomera. Koma chifukwa mu madera osiyana a dziko, ngakhale kukhala pa mtunda kwambiri ndi mzake, mungapeze magulu otere zamoyo? Tiyeni tifufuze.

anthu

Mu Europe ndi America pali maganizo kuti munthu analengedwa kuti tigonjetse chikhalidwe. Koma lero zinadziwika kuti anthu - chigawo chimodzi cha chilengedwe, osati mosemphanitsa. Choncho, anthu a adzapulumuka pokhapokha ngati ndi amoyo chikhalidwe (zomera, mabakiteriya, nkhungu ndi nyama). Ntchito yaikulu ya anthu ndi kusunga topezeka dziko lapansi. Koma pofuna kusankha bwanji kuchita, tiyenera kuphunzira malamulo a mogwirizana kwa zamoyo. Zinthu zopanda moyo chikhalidwe ndi zofunika makamaka mu moyo wa munthu. Mwachitsanzo, si chinsinsi kufunika dzuwa mphamvu. Imakhala otaya azilandira njira zambiri zomera, kuphatikizapo miyambo. Iwo mwakula anthu, kupereka okha ndi chakudya.

zinthu Environmental zachilengedwe zopanda moyo

M'madera kuti ndi nyengo zonse, kumene kuli biomes a mtundu womwewo. Kodi zinthu zachilengedwe zopanda moyo kulibe konse? Tiyeni kulongosola momveka ichi. The zomera anatsimikiza chifukwa nyengo, ndi maonekedwe a m'deralo - likuvutika zomera. Factor zachilengedwe zopanda moyo ndi dzuwa. Pafupi ndi equator cheza kugwa vertically pansi. Chifukwa, zomera asatambira ciyeza kwambiri ultraviolet. Mphamvu ya kuwala, amene kugwera mu M'madera a zitunda mkulu wa Lapansi ndi yochepa kuposa pafupi dziko.

dzuwa

Tikumbukenso kuti chifukwa kuweramira wa olamulira Dziko Lapansi m'madera osiyanasiyana kusintha kutentha. Kuwonjezera kotentha. Sun udindo kutentha kwa sing'anga. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa kuwala ofukula m'madera otentha likhalebe zonse otentha. Zikatero, mbewu kukula zolimira. Pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana dera limene linaperekedwa zimakhudza kusinthasintha kutentha.

chinyezi

zinthu zopanda moyo chilengedwe zogwirizana ndi mzake. Choncho, chinyezi zimadalira kuchuluka kuwapeza dzuwa ndi kutentha. mpweya otentha amasunga nthunzi ya madzi m'malo ozizira. Pa mpweya kuzirala, 40% chinyezi kumaundanitsa, likumira pansi mu mawonekedwe a mame, matalala kapena mvula. M'dera equator ya ofunda mpweya mafunde nyamuka, atabayidwa, kenako utakhazikika. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, m'madera ena, zomwe zili pafupi equator, mvula ambiri. Zitsanzo zikhoza kuonedwa kuti Amazon, limene lili ku South America, ndi dziwe la Mtsinje Congo mu Africa. Chifukwa wambirimbiri mpweya apa pali Nkhalango. Kumadera kumene mpweya misa ali odzipereka kumpoto ndi kum'mwera pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi mpweya akamazizira pansi kachiwiri ikagwa, anatambasula chipululu. Komanso, kumpoto ndi kum'mwera, ndi M'madera a zitunda US cha Asia ndi Ulaya, zikusintha weather - chifukwa mphepo yamphamvu (zina kotentha, ndipo nthawizina - ndi kumalo ozizira mbali ozizira).

nthaka

The Mfundo yachitatu ndi nthaka zopanda moyo chilengedwe. Iwo ali zotsatira kwambiri kufalitsa tizilombo. Bukuli lili pa maziko olimba, naonongedwa naye pamodzi Kuwonjezera pa nkhaniyi organic (akufa zomera). Ngati palibe ndalama zinafunika mchere, mbewu chidzakula bwino m'tsogolo onse kufa. nthaka ndi zofunika makamaka ntchito za ulimi. Monga tikudziwa, anthu amalima mbewu zosiyanasiyana ndiye kudya. Ngati dothi osauka, ndiye moyenera, chomera sadzatha kupeza zipangizo zonse zofunikira kwa izo. Ndipo uyu, nayenso kutitsogolera patukani zomvetsa.

zinthu zinyama

mbewu iliyonse woterewu payokha, ndipo zimavuta ndi anthu ena za chilengedwe. Pakati bowa imeneyi, nyama, zomera ngakhale mabakiteriya. Kugwirizana pakati pa iwo akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri. Kupindula ndi mzake, kutsiriza ndi kuchita zoipa ina chamoyo. Symbiosis - chitsanzo cha zimene zimachitika pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana. Mu anthu, ndondomeko iyi akutchedwa "mchitidwe" wa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Ofunika mu ubwenzi zinthu zachilengedwe zopanda moyo.

zitsanzo

Matanthauzo opindulitsa ndi zabwino ubwenzi tinganene kuti ubale pakati pa mizu ya apamwamba mlingo wa zomera ndi mycelium boletus, birch ndi Aspen ndi boletus. Chitsanzo china amenewa ndi asafe-chikukonzekera rhizobia ndi legume. M'pofunikanso kuonetsetsa nyama. Chitsanzo fanizo la coexistence ngati angatchedwe ng'ombe ndi nkhuku nyama. Nthenga munthu aliyense payekha mu Africa. Pali pafupifupi onse moyo wake amathera pafupi nyama zamiyendo Inayi, vyklevyvaya ya majeremusi khungu lawo. Choncho, mbalame nthawi zonse kudyetsa ndi nyama chiyani osati kuzunzidwa tizirombo. Zinthu zopanda moyo chilengedwe: kuwala, madzi, malo okhala ndi zakudya - kukhala chifukwa cha mpikisano zinthu zachilengedwe pakati pa anthu a mitundu ina. Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? Pankhaniyi, n'zotheka kuti ntchito chuma chokha mu zamoyo zina. chitsanzo cha mpikisano angatchedwe ndi m'nkhalango ya paini. Apa mitengo ya mibadwo yosiyana "kumenyana" kuwala. Zomera kuti kukula mofulumira, pafupi pang'onopang'ono kukula m'minda poyera ndipo dzuwa, yomwe INGATHE kuyambitsa imfa.

mpikisano interspecific

dziko ndi mkangano pakati pa gulu lina la zamoyo ndi zofunika yomweyo zinthu zachilengedwe zonse. Mwachitsanzo, mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana nkhalango thundu akhoza kupikisana ndi hornbeam. zamoyo osiyana zingathe kusokoneza mzake chifukwa yogwira limene secrete mu madzi, ndi mpweya. mfundozi zopanda moyo chikhalidwe amachepetsa kapumidwe ndondomeko kukula kwa zomera zina kapena kumenyana imfa ya chamoyo ambiri. Dodder, broomrape, lathraea - izi ndi mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya majeremusi mwa zomera. mabakiteriya Parasitic INGATHE kuyambitsa matenda zomera. Kwa ena zimakhala za zomera moyo nyama chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, makoswe, nthata ndi tizilombo zosiyanasiyana. Onse a iwo ankaona kuti zamiyendo Inayi. Pa msipu nyama kudya zomera zina: amapewa udzu ndi kulawa zowawa ndi molondola kudziwa mtundu wa zomera ndi poyizoni. Kapena pano ndi chitsanzo china: Ivy, kuzimata thunthu lake "amachitidwa", chimakakamiza kunja timadziti onse. Koma Orchid atagona pa nthambi za mitengo, kumabweretsa sizingawononge, ntchito zomera monga malo a. Mu chikhalidwe, chirichonse chiri cholukanalukana. Ndipo ayenera kutetezedwa chifukwa kumakhudza mwachindunji pa zochitika za anthu.