Dzhon Lokk: malingaliro ofunikira. Dzhon Lokk - English nzeru zapamwamba

Ziphunzitso Dzhona Lokka kunathandiza kwambiri pa mafunso a anthu, maphunziro, malamulo ndi boma, lomwe zinali zogwirizana ndi zaka za m'ma 17. Iye ndi woyambitsa wa ziphunzitso yandale yatsopano ndi malamulo, amene anadzatchedwa "chiphunzitso cha oyambirira bourgeois liberalism."

yonena

Locke anabadwa mu 1632 mu banja Oyeretsa. Anaphunzitsidwa Westminster School ndi Khristu Church College. Ku koleji, iye anayamba ntchito ya sayansi monga mphunzitsi wa Greek chinenero, nzeru ndi apamwamba. Nthawi imeneyi womangidwa ubwenzi ndi wotchuka zachilengedwe wasayansi Robert Boyle. Pamodzi Locke anakhala kuyang'aniridwa metrological kwambiri kuphunzira zimapangidwira. Kenako, Dzhon Lokk kwambiri kuphunzira mankhwala ndi 1668 membala wa Royal Society of London.

Mu 1667, Dzhon Lokk anakumana ndi Ambuye Eshli Kuperom. Uyu zapadera anali wotsutsana ndi yachifumu ndi kudzudzulidwa boma panopa. Dzhon Lokk masamba kuphunzitsa ndi zikukhazikitsa chuma cha Ambuye Cooper monga bwenzi lake, mnzake ndi dokotala munthu.

nkhani zandale ndi analephera kuyesa kulanda boma yachifumu amakakamizidwa Ambuye Ashley kuthawa kugombe kwawo. Kumutsatira kusamuka kwa Netherlands ndi Dzhon Lokk. Mfundo zikuluzikulu zimene anabweretsa asayansi odziwika bwino, inakhazikitsidwa ndendende mu emigration. Wa zaka m'dziko lachilendo, akhala wa zipatso kwambiri ntchito Locke a.

kusintha zimene zinachitika mu England cha m'ma 17 mochedwa, Locke analoledwa kubwerera kwawo. Wafilosofi mofunitsitsa ntchito ndi boma latsopano ndi nthawi zimatengera udindo wofunika molamulidwa ndi oyang'anira latsopano. Post udindo Trade ndi ankawalamulira anakhala atsopano mu ntchito wasayansi a. matenda m'mapapo mwanga amamchititsa kuti tachokamo, ndi moyo wake wonse anakhala m'tauni ya Oates, chuma cha mabwenzi ake apamtima.

Kenako nthanthi

Waukulu nthanthi ntchito za sayansi ndi odziwika bwino, monga "nkhani Ponena za nzeru za anthu." Mu lonena ukusonyeza dongosolo la wazotsatira nzeru (experimental). Maziko mfundo si mfundo zomveka, koma chochitika chenicheni. Amatero Dzhon Lokk. The nzeru za dongosolo lino zinali zosemphana ndi alipo dziko-dongosolo. Mu ntchito iyi, wasayansi ananena kuti maziko kuphunzira dziko ndi zinachitikira kwenikweni, ndipo popanda thandizo la anaziika akhoza kukwaniritsa odalirika kwenikweni ndi zoonekeratu chidziwitso.

Pafupi chipembedzo

ntchito Scientific nzeru zapamwamba ndi nkhawa zimene zikuchitika mabungwe chipembedzo komwe kunalipo pa nthawi imeneyo ku England. Zikudziwika la "The kuteteza sanali conformism" ndi "nkhani kulolera", lomwe linalembedwa ndi Dzhon Lokk. Mfundo zikuluzikulu tinawandandalika mu Mfundo imeneyi unpublished, ndi dongosolo la amadziwa zipangizo mpingo, vuto la ufulu wa chikumbumtima ndi chipembedzo alembedwera "Letter Ponena kulolera."

Ntchito imeneyi amakhazikitsa aliyense ufulu ufulu wa chikumbumtima. Scientist limalimbikitsa mabungwe boma kuzindikira kusankha chipembedzo chabwino kwachikhalire wa nzika iliyonse. Mpingo woona zochitika zawo, malinga ndi wasayansi, kuti akhale wachifundo ndi wachisomo dissent; mphamvu ya mpingo ndi ziphunzitso za mpingo ayenera kusiya chiwawa mtundu uliwonse. Komabe, kulolerana okhulupirika sayenera amapereka kwa sakuzindikira malamulo malamulo a boma, wokanayo makhalidwe abwino a anthu ndipo kuli kwambiri wa Yehova, monga Dzhon Lokk. The lingaliro lalikulu la "Letter Ponena kulolera" - Kuyanjana pakathi pa ufulu wa magulu onse achipembedzo ndi kulekana kwa ulamuliro boma la mpingo.

"Kuganiza wa Chikhristu monga Malemba amasonyeza kuti," ntchito atsopano a nzeru zapamwamba, imene losakhulupirika umodzi wa Mulungu. Chikhristu, Choyamba - mndandanda wa makhalidwe amene ayenera kutsatira munthu aliyense, malinga Dzhon Lokk. Zokambirana nzeru zapamwamba m'munda wa chipembedzo, ziphunzitso kuti Polemeretsedwa awiri madera atsopano - English deism ndi latitudinarizmom - chiphunzitso cha kulolera.

Pafupi ndi chiphunzitso cha chilamulo

masomphenya ake a anthu chabe J. chipangizo. Locke zafotokozedwa ntchito "Awiri Mfundo Boma". Maziko ntchito ndi chakuti boma la kwa mawu "mwachibadwa" Anthu anthu. Malinga ndi wasayansi, pa chiyambi cha kuli anthu adziwe nkhondo, onse anali ofanana ndi "palibe amene anali okulirapo kuposa ena." Komabe, anthu oterowo, palibe matupi supervisory, zimene kuthetsa kusiyana, kuthetsa mikangano chuma, ntchito kuchita mayeso chilungamo. Pofuna kuonetsetsa ufulu wachibadwidwe wa anthu anapanga gulu ndale - boma. maphunziro mtendere boma zochokera chilolezo cha anthu onse - maziko kwa chilengedwe cha dongosolo boma. Amatero Dzhon Lokk.

The lingaliro lalikulu la dziko la kusintha chikhalidwe ndi mapangidwe a ndale ndi zachiweruzo, zimene kuteteza ufulu wa anthu onse. Boma, wakuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kudziteteza ku kuwukira zakunja, komanso kuti aziona malamulo zoweta. Chiphunzitso cha Dzhona Lokka anauyamba ntchito imeneyi, amanena kuti ndi bwino kuchotsa boma kwa anthu amene alibe ntchito zake kapena kuponderezana.

Kenako mu pedagogy

"Ena Maganizo Ponena Education." - John Locke wa nkhani, limene ananena kuti chilengedwe ali pa chikoka zikuluzikulu mwanayo. Kumayambiriro a chitukuko, mwanayo mchikakamizo cha makolo ndi aphunzitsi omwe iye chitsanzo abwino. Akamakula Mwanayo ufulu. Iye anamvera nzeru zapamwamba ndi maphunziro thupi la ana. Maphunziro, ananena mu bukhu, zikhazikitsidwe ntchito nzeru yeniyeni zofunika pa moyo m'dziko bourgeois, osati kuphunzira sayansi ankaonetsetsa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito. Ntchito imeneyi anyozedwa ndi Bishop wa Worcester, amene Locke mobwerezabwereza kuchita polemics, kuteteza maganizo awo.

Mark pa mbiri

Nzeru zapamwamba, loya, mtsogoleri wachipembedzo, mphunzitsi ndi publicist - zonsezi ndi Dzhon Lokk. nzeru wake Mfundo kukumana zofuna yeniyeni ndi ongolankhula za m'ma watsopano - m'zaka za Choonadi, zinthu, sayansi yatsopano ndipo limati latsopano.