Nthata zamadzi: mitundu, zida, zoopsa kwa anthu

Aliyense amadziwa kuti pali nkhupakupa zomwe zimakhala m'nkhalango ndipo zimakhala zoopsa kwa anthu. Achibale awo okhala m'mabanja aumunthu, nawonso, amachititsa mavuto ambiri. Pali nkhupakupa zomwe zimawononga chuma chadziko: zimawononga zomera ndikuwonetsa nyama.

Chitsimikizo cha nkhupakupa chapeza ulemerero wodabwitsa ... Mitundu ina ndi yoopsa kwambiri moti munthu amatenga njira zonse kuti awononge. Koma amene mbali yake yopindula mu nkhondo ya zaka mazana ano akadali funso lalikulu.

Potsutsana ndi mbiri ya achibale ndi mbiri ya opha anthu opanda chifundo komanso tizirombo tambirimbiri, tizilombo toyambitsa madzi zimaoneka ngati zopanda phindu. Ambiri sanamve za gulu ili. Nkhani yathu idzakuthandizani kudzaza mpata uwu ndikuwuza za zamoyo za nyama izi.

Zambiri zadzidzidzi

Chinthu choyamba kuganizirapo ndi mtundu wothandizira. Anthu ena molakwika amaganizira nkhupakupa monga tizilombo, koma izi siziri choncho. Iwo ali a arachnids.

Banja limatchedwa Hydrachnidae. Moyo wonse wa nthatazi umagwirizanitsidwa ndi chilengedwe cham'madzi, koma muzochita zimakhala zofanana kwambiri ndi zamoyo zam'mlengalenga, osati ndi zamoyo zina zam'madzi.

Maonekedwe

Taganizirani momwe zimatulutsa madzi. Zithunzi zimathandiza kupereka izi momveka bwino.

Monga arachnids onse, ali ndi miyendo inayi ya miyendo. Thupi lozungulira liri ndi mimba komanso mutu waung'ono. Ambiri mwa oimira gululi ali ndi kukula kwake, mpaka 2-3 mm.

Monga lamulo, thupi ndi lowala kwambiri, kuchokera ku chikasu chowala mpaka chofiira. Mitundu ina ya nthata yamadzi imakongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsera.

Helicya (nsagwada) zimapangidwira, ndipo maulendo apansi (maxillary tentacles) ali ndi ziboliboli kapena zingwe. Kwa akuluakulu, miyendo yayitali kwambiri kuposa thupi ndipo ili ndi zida zofunikira kuti ziziyenda m'madzi.

Mitikiti ili ndi maso awiri kapena anayi. Malinga ndi asayansi, ali ndi maso abwino kwambiri, omwe amawathandiza kuyenda ngakhale m'madzi ovuta.

Kuti muone mwatsatanetsatane momwe madzi amamera amawoneka, ndizotheka kokha pa microscope. Koma kusonkhanitsa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kungathe kuoneka ndi maso. Mwachitsanzo, mabala ofiira kumbuyo ndi kumbali ya chiguduli-mita ya madzi sizoposa china cha mphutsi.

Kusaka ndi chakudya

Miti yamadzi ambiri ndi osaka okongola komanso odyetsa. Amadyetsa zooplankton, nthawi zina amaukira ena osadziŵika. Mitundu ina imasokoneza, pamene ena amakonda zomera ndi detritus.

Mitundu yambiri ya parasitic imadyetsa tizilombo ta madzi, zina zimakhala zoopsa kwa mollusks. Mphungu ya gululi la nthata yamadzi nthawi zambiri sichitsitsa mbuye wake, komabe zimawononga thanzi lake, zimakhudza njira ya moyo, zimafooketsa ndipo zimayambitsa zovuta.

Habitat

Pakati pa zomera zam'madzi m'madzi osaya a matupi a madzi amchere pali mitundu yambiri yamadzi. Kawirikawiri nyamazi zimakhala m'madzi, m'madziwe, m'mitsinje, mumtsinje, m'madzi ambirimbiri mumitsinje komanso ngakhale osayima nkhalango.

Oimira a gulu ili akufalikira pafupifupi kulikonse. Mitundu yochepa kwambiri ya zamoyo ikhoza kupulumuka mu madzi amchere.

Physiology

Mitundu yonse ya madzi amadzimadzi amapuma, imatenga madziwo mumadzi okosijeni pamwamba pa thupi. Chigawo chosowa chofunikira ndi chochepa kwambiri. Ngakhale pali gawo limodzi lokha la oksijeni pa milioni gawo la madzi, ndikwanira kwa nthata. Chifukwa cha ichi, kupulumuka kwa madzi opunduka ndipamwamba kwambiri.

Nkhupakupa zimakhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndiko kuti, mphutsi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi akuluakulu maonekedwe.

Nkhupaku imapezeka pang'onopang'ono ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi. Mitundu yambiri ya mlengalenga imasokoneza pang'onopang'ono. Ndiye mphutsi zidzakhala ndi moyo wovuta. Zimaphatikizapo magawo atatu a achinyamata. Mapiritsiwa amatha kukhala nymph. Nymphs ndizofanana ndi imago, ndipo njira yake ya moyo imakhala yochuluka. Yambani zoyesayesa zoyamba kuphunzira mosiyana ndi chilengedwe, kuzindikira luso la kusaka. Patapita nthawi, nymph imakhalanso pupa kuti ikhale wamkulu.

Anthu omwe ali achichepere amathera nthawi yawo yambiri muzinthu zowonongeka, akudziphatika okha ndi zinyama kapena zomera zomwe zimakhalapo ndipo zimakhala ndi ndalama zake. Mukusambira kwaulere mungathe kuwona nthata zokhwima zogonana.

Gladys ndi ndani?

Nthata zamadzi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo cholengedwa china chachilendo. Ndipotu gladysh ndi kachilombo ka madzi. Njira yake ya moyo ndi yofanana ndi yomwe madzi a arachnids amatsogolerera, ambiri a moyoyo bugudu-gladysch imagwiritsanso ntchito mthupi. Koma zinthu izi sizing'onozing'ono.

Osati kusokoneza? Yesani miyeso ndikuwerengera miyendo. Gladysh ndi yaikulu, ndipo ali ndi mapaundi atatu okha a miyendo.

Posachedwapa, tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa takopeka ndi chidwi cha ogwiritsa ntchito a Network. Pazinthu zambiri, nkhani zabodza za ngozi yoopsa ya gladysch, yomwe imati imatha kufa munthu wathanzi masiku awiri okha, ikufalikira mofulumira. Chifukwa chake chinali chodabwitsa cha zolengedwa izi. Chithunzi cha mwamuna wamwamuna amene ali ndi mazira kumbuyo akuwoneka chachilendo kwambiri, ndipo ndicho chifukwa chake ambiri amakhulupirira chithunzichi chili ndi mawu odabwitsa.

Koma munthu uyu sakuimira ngozi iliyonse. Zoona, nthawi iliyonse yomwe angapereke m'manja mwake sikofunikira - monga nsikidzi zambiri, akhoza kuluma ngati akumva kuti iye kapena ana ake akuopsezedwa.

Kuopsa kwa nthata za madzi kwa anthu

Sizowopsa kwa anthu komanso okhala ndi miyendo eyiti okhala m'madzi. Nkhupakupa sizingakhoze kuluma, mochepetsetsa kulowa mkati mwa khungu. Banja ili limadyetsa chakudya chomera ndi plankton. Mitundu yowonongeka ya nyama siyenso chidwi ndi anthu.