Nikitsky ansembe yotchedwa (Pereslavl) adiresi. Archimandrite Dimitry (Hramtsov)

The kukopa waukulu wakale Russian tawuni Pereslavl-Zaleski analidi Nikitsky ansembe yotchedwa, lomwe ndi limodzi mwa mabuku akale ku Russia. Maziko pamaso nkhondo Tartar, iye anaona zinthu zambiri zofunika kwambiri pa mbiri yathu pamodzi ndi anthu onse anapirira mavuto a Tartar goli, pa Nthawi ya Mavuto ndi Bolshevik nthawi yovuta.

Mpingo pa nyanja Pleshcheeva

Pamene anakhazikitsidwa Pereslavl Nikitsky ansembe yotchedwa, anakhalabe mudziwe mwachilungamo yosokoneza zokhudzana chochitika mu zaka zoyambirira, kunachitika pambuyo ubatizo wa Lazaro. Kuyambira chipilala mabuku a m'zaka za zana XV, limatchedwa Bukhu la KUSIYANA, amadziwika kuti St. Vladimir anaperekedwa ulamuliro pa Rostov-Suzdal dziko mwana wake Boris.

Iwo anafotokozanso kuti mu 1010 za kalonga, pamodzi ndi Bishop Hilarion, tichotseretu pa mutu wake zikugwera chikunja, anakhazikitsa m'mphepete mwa nyanja Pleshcheeva mipingo ingapo. Amakhulupirira kuti pali wina wa iwo, ndipo anthu am'dera afika wolengedwa kusandulika pa nthawi Nikitsky obisika. Ichi chinali chinthu chofunikira kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity m'mayiko amenewa.

Woyamba oyera kumene kumakhala Amonke

Mu mbiri yakale wa nthawi chisanadze Mongol anatchula obisika kumeneko, koma m'zaka za m'ma XV linapangidwa moyo wake woyamba wa St. Nikity Stolpnika, kamodzi modzipereka pano, ndipo ananena momveka bwino kuti iye anakhalapo zaka za m'ma XII, komanso chinatsimikizira chibwenzi kale maziko a obisika a.

Atamwalira woyera anadalitsa mphamvu zake anapindula mphatso ya zozizwitsa. Amadziwika Mwachitsanzo, kuti mapemphero, anakwera patsogolo pawo ankachiritsidwa, anthu otchuka ambiri mbiri. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali wamng'ono Chernigov Prince Michael wa Chernigov ndi mwana wa Ivan Groznogo Ivan, amene anali pambuyo aphedwa atakwiya ndi bambo ake.

M'gulu la anthu agulupa ife tikupeza moyo wodzimana kwambiri, kenako anayambitsa mchitidwe umenewu zina Pereslavl. Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pawo ndi Daniel woyera, canonized mu nkhope ya woyera mtima. Iye ndiye mlengi wa Utatu Danilov obisika.

Mapangidwe nkhani m'munsi mwa obisika ndi

Isanafike chiyambi cha obisika XVI m'ma Nikitsky nkomwe anaimirira pakati amonke zina, zosiyanasiyana akutulukira nthawi m'dziko Rostov-Suzdal. Chimonko amakhala pa ntchito yake, kukhutira ndi revenues yekha modzichepetsa yotentha ndi iwo chofunika Inde zopereka osowa Apaulendo.

anali osauka bwino kokha mu 1515, pamene Eustace pereslavlsky dikoni, analandira mwa mapemphero pamaso zotsalira za St. Daniel kuchiritsa matenda oopsa, lapelekedwa kwa obisika chuma ndithu chopereka. Ndi ndalama zimenezi, mpingo matabwa, wopatulidwa polemekeza ntchito chozizwitsa amene anamupulumutsa iye, ndi kutchuka kwake anakopeka amwendamnjira ambiri inamangidwa.

Mu 1521, Nikita ansembe yotchedwa anali anachitira zoculuka Uglich Prince wotchedwa Dmitry Ioannovich, nampatsa m'mudzi, gawo la patrimony ake. Waukulu obisika mwiniwake kunapezeka kuti Grand Prince wa Moskovskiy Vasily III - bambo Ivana Groznogo. Pa lamulo lake ndi ndinapatsidwa iwo njira pa dera la obisika mu 1523 anakwezedwa Nikitsky Cathedral.

Adakhala pansi Ivan m'khutu

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi amabwera kunyumba maluwa nyengo, zomwe imagwera pa nyengo pachimake cha Ivana Groznogo. Nikitsky ansembe yotchedwa (Pereslavl), ndi abbot amene Vassian anasangalala malo a mfumu, anatenga malo ofunika mwa mchitidwe umenewu ena. Hypochondriac ndipo kulikonse amakonda kuona kuperekedwa, mfumu anafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zamphamvu makoma obisika monga wapadera oprichnina linga, ngati pa chifukwa chirichonse, linga zikuluzikulu - Alexander Sloboda kutaya yokhulupirika.

Pomanga Cathedral latsopano Nikitsky

Amadziwika kuti Ivan ndi achibale ake anapita Nikitsky ansembe yotchedwa, kupanga Mipikisano tsiku yopita kwa izo. Umayembekedzera zopereka mfumu inamangidwa pa malamulo ake ndi ndalama zake nyumba yatsopano ya Nikitsky Cathedral, kuchotsa akale, inamangidwa ndi atate ace kwambiri. Nyumba yakale kwachitika izo yopemphereramo kum'mwera, wopatulidwa polemekeza akulemekezedwa kwawo woyera Nikity Stolpnika. lamulo lake anamangidwira angapo maofesi ena osati yatsikira kwa ife, kapena kusunga, koma kusintha maonekedwe ake.

Mu 1564, mfumu anafika pa kudzipereka wapadera wa tchalitchi chatsopano ndipo anapereka chandelier chachikulu anapanga zamkuwa ndipo ali mkulu luso yokongola. Apite naye mkazi wake Anastasia Romanova, chopatsika yekha yopeta chifanizo cha St. Nikity Stolpnika, anapanga manja ake. Koma mphatso yaikulu ndi wofunika kwambiri kwa mwayekha anali fiefdoms ambiri anapereka izo ansembe ndi kumanga odalirika zinthu maziko linakhalapo.

Pa Mavuto Great

Nsautso anayamba obisika pa Nthawi ya Mavuto. Ngati ambiri mchitidwe umenewu Pereslavl iye akungokhalira anaukira mdani. Mu 1609 abale ndi thandizo la anthu wamba anatha kupirira asilikali, ndi kuyendetsa kutali mdani kwa mpanda wa agulupa, koma patatha zaka ziwiri za Lithuanians, kutsogozedwa ndi Lva Sapegi, anakwanitsa analanda obisika.

Anthu ambiri a m'dziko anaphedwa, nyumba anagonjetsa ndiponso kuwotchedwa mozizwitsa anapulumuka abbot Misayeli, anakhala woyendayenda. Mpaka lero, sakhoza kuona anasunga kwa nthawi awiriwa Chilituyaniya mfuti, anatenga gawo mu Kuzinga obisika mu Pereslavl zakale Museum.

Chitsitsimutso cha obisika ndi

Kubwezeretsa obisika anayamba posachedwa atakwera wachifumu, mfumu yoyamba ya Romanov mafumu - Mikhail Fedorovich mwayekha. Iye ndi bambo ake mabishopu, Filaret ndalama zambirimbiri zinalengedwa, zomwe kunapangitsa kuti ayamba nthawi yomweyo ntchito.

Mu ulamuliro lotsatira, kale pansi Aleksei Mikhailovich pa mtengo wake ndi zopereka mu 1645 linadzamangidwanso malinga ndi nsanja azinga obisika. Pa nthawi yomweyo, namanga Annunciation Church, akhalabe pafupifupi zikutsatiridwa masiku ano.

Mu 1698 agulupa anachezeredwa ndi Nikita Peter I. Atakhala kumeneko masiku angapo, mfumu inaika lamulo anatsimikizira obisika akadali bambo chilolezo chake pa ufulu nsomba m'nyanja Pleshcheeva. M'masiku amenewo sinali yaing'ono achifumu mtima, ndi nyanja anali wolemera nsomba, ndi ntchito nsomba wake yekha zokwanira. Ndi ulamuliro wa Petra Velikogo yomanga woona wa agulupa yopemphereramo wa Chernigov, amene amaona chitsanzo lotsiriza la kalembedwe wakale Pereslavl.

nthawi

M'zaka za m'ma XVII agulupa kuvutika chisokonezo kwambiri sanapeze. Ngakhale zovuta zinyumba zambiri: ulamuliro wa Catherine II, zinali zodzaza ndi kusiya kupembedza (achire) a m'mayiko mpingo, iye anapulumuka ndi sinawonongeke. Iwo anapitiriza m'gawo lake ndi kumanga. Makamaka kale anamangapo Mpingo wa Annunciation inamangidwa yopemphereramo ndi kumanga nyumba yopemphereramo pa chipilala, ataima kumene, malinga ndi nthano, usana ndi usiku kupemphera Saint Nikita.

chipilala chimene wachita yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa agulupa lapansi. Iye ndi unyolo ayironi amene anagwira kamodzi wosadandaula kwambiri mukachititsidwa manyazi wokonda moyo wodzimana woyera, kwa zaka anasonyeza kuti kachisi wamkulu, ndipo iwo anakopeka amwendamnjira ambiri ansembe Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti akamaliza agulupa zopereka. Pali nthawi pamene, pamodzi ndi iwo, ndipo anasonyeza mwala chipewa, kwa cholinga chomwecho monga maunyolo, koma m'chaka cha 1735 ku Moscow akuluakulu a tchalitchi kutilimbikitsa.

Otsiriza kumanga lalikulu zinachitikadi pa chiyambi cha m'ma XIX, pamene anamangidwa mu nthawi Ivana Groznogo chipata mpingo anawachotsa ndipo m'malo ake inamangidwa belu nsanja, imene masiku ano.

Zaka za ulamuliro wa chikominisi

Isanayambike XX m'ma kudzigudubuza obisika ndi chimodzimodzi ankhanza "gudumu wofiira" (kumasonyeza A. I. Solzhenitsyna), ndi kuti lonse oleza Russia. Agulupa chinatsekedwa ndipo kunja katundu wake yemwe sankakhoza adzafunkha, kunditumiza ku nyumbayi. Kumene kumakhala Amonke mpanda ntchito zosiyanasiyana zofuna - enawo asayansi nyumba kundende akazi.

Mu 1933, kutsogolo woyambawo Nikitsky tchalitchi ndi view mabodza kulibe Mulungu zinali anatentha poyera iconostasis za m'ma XVI. moto komanso kuphedwa, ndi zina zambiri zithunzi wapatali Nikitsky obisika. Pereslavl, monga dziko lonse munayamba zaka zikuluzikulu kampeni odana ndi chipembedzo, chinatsanulidwa kusalabadira akhungu maziko wauzimu wa moyo wa anthu.

Wopita ku chitsitsimutso cha obisika ndi

Mu makumi asanu ndi awiri, pamene iye potsiriza watsala, ndi Stalin, ndi Khrushchev ndi kuzunza mpingo, Cathedral wa Nikitsky kubwezeretsa woyamba zinachitikadi kwa zaka zambiri. Monga ntchito anachita, Tingaone chakuti chakachi, August 2, 1984, tsiku lomwelo pamene Mpingo Orthodox amakondwerera Ilin tsiku, anakomoka chimphika wofunika. Pa kuchira anatenga zaka khumi, ndipo potsiriza pa tchalitchi linali lotsegula kale mu nthawi ya perestroika.

Kuyambira anayamba lalikulu ntchito kubwezeretsa, amene anali lotsogoledwa ndi yemwenso Archimandrite Demetrios (Aleksey Mihaylovich Hramtsov). Nikitsky ansembe yotchedwa, makamaka akukumana kubadwa kwake kwachiwiri. Sayenera kungopereka maonekedwe wakale wa nyumba yake, komanso kubereka kamangidwe ka Interiors, komanso ngati kupenta makoma kukonzanso kuthamanga.

Tsopano ntchito izi kwenikweni udzatha, ndi Nikitsky ansembe yotchedwa amene adilesi :. Yaroslavl dera, Pereslavl, Nikitsky Sloboda p. Zaprudnaya, 20, kachiwiri anatsegula. Monga m'zaka za m'mbuyo, amaitana zikwi amwendamnjira kuti amalambira malo ake woyera, waukulu umene - zotsalira za St. lolemekezeka Nikity Stolpnika, ndi onse amene nkhani yathu njira.