Nereditsa Church. Mpingo wa Mpulumutsi pa Nereditsa

Ilya Glazunov ali ndi chithunzi chokongola akutchedwa "Mbuye Novgorod Wamkulu." Temple, zinkaimira pa izo, malo ake, minda padziko ofanana kwambiri Nereditsa Church. Nzosadabwitsa, nawonso ili pafupi Novgorod, ndi ponseponse ngati mu chithunzi Volkhov meadows.

Rurik - woyamba Russian akalonga

Mu Russia, akachisi nthawi zonse zamangidwa pa malo apamwamba - pafupi ndi Mulungu. Mu distilikiti peel apamwamba - Nereditsa. Pa iwo, ndipo apo liri kachisi wa Chiwalitsiro. Yoswa ana awiri akufa, Yaroslav. Olemba mbiri ena amakhulupirira kuti dzina lakuti "Anzeru" anaiwala kuwonjezera "nkhanza." Alibe zala zokwanira ati chiwerengero cha ana mwa aliyense wa akulamulira Russia Rurik. Ndipo mwana Yuriya Dolgorukogo, Vsevolod, chifukwa chiwerengero cha akazi ndi ana analitcha "Big Nest". Akalonga anafa, ndipo pamene m'bale wawo moyo anapita kukamenyana m'bale, mwana kwa atate, mwana wamwamuna. Woyamba Russian Oyera - Boris ndi Gleb, Yaroslava Mudrogo abale ndi Svyatopolk, amene ali ovomerezeka Baibulo adawapha, amene analandira dzina lakuti "wotembereredwa." Akukhulupirira kuti wagwa m'manja mwa Yaroslav. Lang'anani, Nereditsa Church zinali mwina odzipereka kwa iwo, chifukwa kachisi wapadera kupenta sitolo ndi loyang'anizana woyamba Russian oyera.

kachisi Place

Kachisi anamangidwira pafupi ndi okhala Yaroslav, makilomita atatu kuchokera Novgorod. Iye anaika kachisi wake pafupi nsanja pa dera la kukagawira. Tsopano malo awa ndi chipilala pofukula, linkadziwika kuti "Rurik chitunda" ndi mbali ya cholowa mbiri ya mndandanda lotchedwa "The Great Novgorod", atetezedwe UNESCO. Obisika unali pafupi patapita pang'ono Chiwalitsiro Nereditsa, dzina lake "Mpulumutsi pa mulu wa." Mu Novgorod mu nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Yaroslav anachititsa yogwira nyumba ya mpingo. Mosiyana kwambiri wa St. Sophia Cathedral mu mochedwa XII ndi m'ma XIII amagwira anamanga mipingo ing'onoing'ono kukula. Mpingo ili pa magombe a mtsinje Spasskaya. Zakale mpingo unatenga njira yopita ku Moscow. Anamangapo m'chilimwe wina 1198 Nereditsa Mpingo inali nyumba yomaliza ya Yaroslav padziko lapansi lino. Novgorod anatulutsa iye. Koma anali kalonga otsiriza ndi kumanga onse - Novgorod anakhala mzinda ufulu.

Zokwaniritsa amatsimikizira ndi m'maganizo

Palokha, mpingo waung'ono, pamene wobala ndi maganizo chidwi. Iyenso, ndi gawo la cholowa mbiri ya "Great Novgorod The", komanso mipingo ina anasunga inamangidwa ndi Yaroslav ndi anzake amene analipo m'mbuyomo. Zitsanzo za mipingo Kiev, unatenga maziko, ndipo amatilimbikitsa miyambo m'dera la malonda, kukoma mzindawo luso la mapulani ndi ojambula zithunzi. Anapeza m'maganizo chifukwa chikhalidwe cha ntchito yomanga mpanda mwala zomangamanga ndi zida. Zinali chosiyana - zigawo alternately zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo plinfy (kuchokera anajambulapo njerwa), mwala m'deralo, osauka workability, ndi Kuwonjezera njira tchipisi njerwa ndi Volkhov laimu. Chifukwa monyanyira plinfy makoma, akhakula. Onse peculiarity uyu ndipo anapereka yomanga m'dera mu kagawo kakang'ono osiyana otchedwa "Nyumba Novgorod Land" imene ili nthumwi ankaikira Nereditsa Church.

akachisi izi

Wochepa kukula kachisi zimene zikugwirizana ndi adjective "Komiti", anali kukazikoloŵeka polemekeza ana ophedwa, ndi pathupi ngati manda kalonga. Kumanga kunachitidwa ndi tempo mofulumira, nthawi inali umboni - miyezi 4 yokha, koma onse wotsatira mu 1199 mpingo utoto. Thupi ndi zomangamanga (limodzi mzikiti mpingo cubical) Mpingo wa Mpulumutsi pa Nereditsa akufanana nyumba ena achipembedzo anamangidwira pa nthawi yomweyo. Kwambiri ngati iye ali Chiwalitsiro Cathedral mu Pereyaslav-Zalessky, Demetrius Cathedral mu Vladimir, Pyatnitskaya mpingo mu Chernigov, Mpingo wa Annunciation pa Arkazhi, Petro ndi Paulo Sinichnoy chisoni ndi ena. Onsewo ndi mtundu waukulu wa mpingo wa Orthodox. Ntchito yomanga mwala mtanda ozungulira mpingo mu Russia anayamba kumanga mu Kiev mpingo Limodzi kumapeto kwa X atumwi, yomanga yogwira a Mipingo ya mtundu umenewu akupitiriza lero. Ndi mu tsiku lathu kubwezeretsa anawononga Soviet mphamvu malo a misonkhano ndi kumanga latsopano. Ndipo ndi bwino kuti musunge mawonekedwe awo chibadidwe mu Orthodox Russian kachisi, ndi amatikumbutsa zojambula za Nesterov ndi Glazunov. Kupitiriza anakhalabe, ana ano anaika kukonda Russia kuyambira paubwana ndiponso maganizo "Woyera Russia" choyenera kwambiri.

makhalidwe mwangwiro national

Kachisi Spas Nereditsa ukukamba mtanda ozungulira, ndi 4 mizati mkati kubala malo olambirira. Iye, ngati nyumba zambiri zofanana, ali pozakomarnoe wokutira chibadidwe yomanga tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox. Yekha kapena semicircular zakomary ali yokhota kumapeto denga, m'malo kobvuta ndi kugawikana mawonekedwe a Chipilala mpingo. Zakomary yekha korona mpanda - ofukula mpukutu wa wapakamwa mpingo. Izi zidutswa ofukula pa dzanja limodzi, kukometsera kachisi, pa zina - aipatsa wapadera adzadziwire dziko. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake yaing'ono Mpingo wa Chiwalitsiro pa Nereditsa ali makwaya yaing'ono, kuimira mezzanine kuti akomere kwayala.

Chipangizo Nereditsa mpingo

Childs, malo awa - kwayala kukweza kapena - ili ndi zomera poyera kapena khonde mumpingo, ndipo nthawi ili pansi chachiwiri pa khoma zosiyana guwa. mpingo uwu uli ndi mpanda wandiweyani, yopapatiza staircase ndi khomo zomera ndi, inali pa kanema matabwa, kudula khoma kumadzulo. Pa kukweza pali matchalitchi awiri. Mpingo wa Mpulumutsi wathu Novgorod Nereditsa ali ndi cholakwika makulidwe, malinga ndi zamwano, koma zilibe aipsa, ndipo amapereka mpingo zasintha zina ndi m'maganizo. Pulasitiki khoma akuti ndi chodabwitsa. Ngakhale zinthu zambiri zofanana, mpingo wapadera.

Anamangapo Mpingo anali kudya ndi ngakhale utoto chaka chonse, nthawi ntchito frescoes analinso yochepa. Painting chidafundidwa mkati lonse - makoma, denga, kuchirikiza mizati, ndipo izi iye sanali ofanana. Yaikulu kwabasi gulu loyimba, chipilala wotchuka kuti ndi kupenta yaikulu osati Russia komanso mu Europe - ndicho chimene kupenta, amene anatilanditsa Nereditsa. Novgorod sangathe kudzitama wa ngakhale imodzi mpingo woterowo.

Aiwala ndi wopulumutsidwa

Kwa zaka zambiri anali mpingo, mogwirizana zimafanana mu malo ozungulira, ndipo panalibe kukomeza kwambiri mozungulira icho. Chidwi anatuluka mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma XIX. Wojambula Martynov omwe mu 1867 analandira Mendulo mkuwa mu Paris kwa murals watercolor makope nereditskih. Mu 1910, iwo amayamba kubwezeretsa frescoes ndi kuphunzira yogwira. Zonse izi kwambiri kapena zochepa intensively mpaka 30s lapansi. ntchito imeneyi nthawi zonse akukankha Nikolay Rerih, amene ankafuna kupitiriza mwala uwu ngati Mpulumutsi Nereditsa. Frescoes wa mpingo anabwera kwa nthawi mu chikhalidwe kwambiri.

wanzeru kuzindikira

Only zikomo ntchito ikuchitika pa nthawi, chuma zili zithunzi ndi makope masiku ano, ndipo anamasulidwa ndi buku. Okha monga frescoes, ndi kachisi, kupha chirichonse mu 1941 ndi zida zankhondo moto Nazi, monga mpingo kuwombera mfundo. Anthu anali kufunika kwa mpingo uno, amene ntchito yobwezeretsa inayamba mu 1944. Kachisi amangidwe kotero mochenjera kuti anthu ochepa anamuzindikira momwe chilengedwe pambuyo nkhondo. Recreate mpingo zidatheka chifukwa cha zojambula anayeza anapanga 1903-1904 mwa academician P. Pivovarov.

wapadera

Chapatali, taziwona ataima pa phiri Mpingo wa Mpulumutsi pa Nereditsa. Photos likupezeka lalikulu zedi, kupatsira zochititsa chidwi kukongola. Kunja si buku lenileni la kuloŵedwa m'malo, koma mkati sanathe kubwezeretsedwa chifukwa anakhalabe 15% zojambula choyambirira, makamaka kumtunda - makoma, zitsime zosambiramo, kuphatikizaponso mzikiti.

Wapadera gwero choyambirira si kuti anali utoto chilichonse - anali ofunika brushwork ndi phunziro lathu frescoes.

Modabwitsa kwa nthawi, ndipo ankaona chidina wa chifaniziro mzikiti ndi, "Ascension" fanizo la Khristu ndi angelo asanu. Panthawi imeneyi, mzikiti anali chokongoletsedwa ndi "Pantokratom". Zinali, monga ulamuliro, wapawiri chifanizo cha Yesu. Iye analenga dalitso ndi dzanja lake lamanja, kumanzere atanyamula Uthenga. 9 tiers iwo inali frescoes mpingo. Panali pano "Ubatizo" nyimbo, zithunzi ndi woyamba akufa Knyazhich St. Boris ndi Gleba. Apa panali chithunzi chachikulu cha Yaroslav ndi zikuchokera lalikulu la Chiweruzo, Mudali malo nkhani "wolemera mu gehena." Pulogalamu ambiri kupenta, monga St. Sophia Cathedral, panalibe, panalibe dongosolo pang'ono zochitika, koma sakupempha tanthauzo nereditskih frescoes.

zilandiridwenso losonkhanitsidwa

Akatswiri ambiri amati kusowa kwa dongosolo pamaso pa ambiri ojambula zithunzi ndi liwiro la dongosolo. Ndipo ena amakhulupirira kuti Jaroslaw lalifupi m'chilimwe miyezi, pamene zambiri utoto mpingo, anaitanidwa akatswiri palokha ndi mzake, mmodzi wa iwo anali ngakhale mlendo. Choncho, pali cacophony.

Dzina lenileni la chithunzicho Sizikudziwika, koma (mwina) mfundo zambiri chakuti zinali Ikonnikov Olis Grechin. Akatswiriwa anapeza situdiyo wake, mfundo kumene kwambiri nkhani mu zojambula nereditskim. Akatswiri kuona kuti unsembe wa penti wodzaza, pafupi, kani, kalankhulidwe kum'mawa kuposa Byzantine kwambiri.

kusunga

Nkhondo itatha, Mpingo wa Chiwalitsiro pa Nereditsa utabwezeretsedwa kwathunthu mu 1958, ndipo mu 1992 anali m'gulu mndandanda World Heritage.

Great Kupambana ndi kuti tsopano ndi kufotokoza mu dongosolo 3D. Ophunzira a University of Leningrad zithunzi wakuda ndi woyera ndipo zithunzi, zisungidwe yachokera, ndipo anatha recreate mkati ndi kunja ulemerero wa mpingo, ndipo kusintha pa nthawi. Ndipo ziri zonse zoona.

Tsopano mpingo ochepa masiku sabata iye ntchito ngati owonetsera zakale ndi otsegulidwa kwa anthu.