Kodi kuphunzira macroeconomics ndi microeconomics: Zitsanzo

Monga ankaphunzira macroeconomics ndi microeconomics? Ndi yosavuta sayansi. Koma kuti kuthana nawo, muyenera kuwapatsa nthawi yokwanira. Ndipo tsopano tiyeni tifike pansi kwa powunikira chakuti kuphunzira macro- ndi microeconomics.

Kuti pawokha ndi microeconomics?

Ili ndi dzina kwa gawo la zachuma amene amachita ndi kuphunzira njira zachuma pa munthu chilli mlingo. Vuto chapakati sayansi ndi kudziwa zinthu zimene zimakhudza mitengo.

Microeconomics imatengedwa tate wa Alfred Marshall. Iye anatsimikizira kuti chidwi kwambiri mu chimango cha sayansi umu ndi makampani, n'kumuuza zimenezi. Yoswa zinthu zimenezi ndi malamulo a mapangidwe awo, ndi mavuto kusanthula. Kumvetsetsa za nkhaniyi, tiyeni tione kufanana ndi zitsanzo za microeconomics.

Kodi ndi mmene?

Kwambiri microeconomics zimadalira atawalamula. Chotero anaitana anayamba mu nthawi yeniyeni ya nthawi mtengo wa mayunitsi anagula pa mtengo limene mankhwala akuyendera. Mu mawu ena - ndi mawu kachulukidwe wa mankhwala ogula angakwanitse kwa muyezo winawake wa nthawi. kutanthauzira anapatsidwa ndi English zachuma Thomas Malthus.

Zimenezi zimakhudza nambala mwachilungamo lalikulu zimachititsa wofunika kwambiri umene uli mtengo. Kuchokera pamenepa chinali zomwe chilamulo cha kufunika: mtengo wapamwamba mankhwala Makamaka, kupatula iwo kugula. Samalani kulunjika wa yaying'ono! Lake chidwi si vuto ambiri, mosabisa mipherezero zina mankhwala, munthu malonda ndi mabanja.

Choncho, microeconomics amaphunzira zokonda za ogula, mawonekedwe a malonda, revenues, mitengo, seasonality, ziyembekezo ndi kusintha kandalama anthu. Osati mu zisudzo ambiri, ndi munthu kapena misika. Ngati ife kulankhula za zitsanzo za microeconomics, n'zotheka kuti tikambirane ntchito ku kampani inayake banja - ichi ndi fanizo bwino zimene zimafunika mu sayansi.

Kuti mphatso ndi macroeconomics?

Zakhala kuphunzira kugwira ntchito kwa gawo dziko zachuma wonse. Panali nthawi mu 30s Mu zaka zapitazo. Amaona tate wa John Maynard Keynes. Zolinga zazikulu za citukuko ali motere:

• Ntchito kuonjezera mlingo kwenikweni aakulu mankhwala zoweta.
• Perekani mkulu ntchito.
• Ntchito pa khola kapena pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka mlingo mtengo.

Tikwaniritse zolinga za zazikulu za citukuko zitsanzo thandizo. Kudzera mawerengedwe awo ikuchitika kuonetsetsa mtchalitchi ndi katundu. Komanso, mawerengeredwe zazikulu za citukuko amalola kukhala njira kwa kukwaniritsa ulova otsika ndi mkulu ntchito. zizindikiro izi ndi cyclical, koma ntchito za boma ndi zisudzo zachuma inali kuti konza iwo kwa nthawi zosiyana.

Koma chidwi kwambiri ndi State macroeconomics. Akanagwiritsa ake zipangizo zofunika, chifukwa chimene zingakhudze ntchito zachuma. Chidwi kwambiri linaperekedwa kwa:

1. mfundo zachuma. Zochita likukhalira mitengo zikugwira kwa amadza zachuma cha momwe zinthu zikusinthira zachuma.
2. Monetary ndondomeko. Ikuchitika ndi mpheto za chuma dongosolo.
3. Lina mfundo zachuma. A zingapo zomwe cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa zogulitsa kunja ukonde.
4. malamulo a za malonda. Zikuphatikizapo quotas, tariffs ndi zipangizo zina zolimbana zomwe zingakhudze katundu ndi / kapena inatha.
5. Policy ndalama. zinthu zina umalimbana kuthetsa njira mfundo kufufuma.

nkhani zazikulu za citukuko

Limatchula za sayansi ndi kuti chimagwiritsidwa ntchito loitanirana, amene amalola kuganizira chuma wonse. Mwachitsanzo, zofala kwambiri ntchito zizindikiro zingachititse mlingo avareji mitengo, GDP, msika chiwongola dzanja, GDP, ntchito, kufufuma ndi ulova komanso ena makhalidwe osiyana wa zokhazikika.

Chifukwa chomasuka kumvetsa ndi akuneneratu pambali mawerengeredwe, zambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito ndi njira. Choncho, ambiri ambiri sayansi abstraction, kusanthula ndi kaphatikizidwe, chuma ndi masamu kusintha ndi ena. Apa ife mwachidule ankaona kuti maphunziro macro- ndi microeconomics.

Pomaliza

Kumene, kuthana ndi sayansi izi, kuwerenga nkhani ina sikokwanira. Sikokwanira kwa kuloweza yosavuta zambiri. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kusamalira kwambiri ndi mmene kumvetsa izo. Koma kuti akuphunzira macroeconomics ndi microeconomics, zothandiza kwambiri. Kudziwa zimenezi akhala akugwira mu moyo.

The sayansi woyamba amamuuza zothandiza anthu amene akufuna kuti ntchito ndale. Chifukwa iwo kudzakhala kotheka kuti bwinobwino kusamalira boma kapena chabe kampani ina yaikulu kwambiri. Microeconomics kukathandiza anthu omwe akufuna kukhala ndi wazamalonda, koma zilibe chakudya ziyembekezo kulenga yaikulu loloseredwa bungweli.