Thomas Malthus chiphunzitso cha anthu

Thomas Robert Malthus ndi kafukufuku akuluakulu a zachuma ku England. ntchito zake zinatuluka mu chiyambi cha m'ma XIX, ndipo anamupangitsa zambiri mikangano mu mabwalo sayansi. Komabe, kumlingo, maganizo ake sanataye kufunika kwake ndipo apobe.

Yambani Malthus kafukufuku

Thomas Robert Malthus anabadwa mu mwinimunda banja wolemera pafupi London. Bambo ake anali munthu wanzeru kwambiri ndi ophunzira, amene analankhula ndi makolo angapo akatswiri ndi chuma nthawi yake. Popeza Thomas anali mwana womaliza m'banja, mwa mwambo, iye amayenera kutenga njira ya ntchito wauzimu. Ataphunzira pa College pa University Cambridge, iye anadzozedweratu ndipo anakhala wansembe.

Ngakhale izi, Thomas Malthus, akale nthawi zonse chidwi ndi kafukufuku wa sayansi, nthawi yomweyo akuyamba kuthamanga mphunzitsi koleji. Pafupifupi onse yomwaza awo umakhala ndi bambo ake nkhani imene zoyenera ubale wa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi chuma.

Kodi Malthus anaphunzira?

Monga ofufuza ena a m'mbuyomu m'munda wa zachuma, nkhani ya kuphunzira kwake Malthus anaona njira augmentation chuma, zikutanthauza kupanga zinthu. Iye akuyesera yolumikizana nkhani ya anthu ndi kukula chuma.

Mfundo za Population ndi Thomas Malthus inakhala maziko a ntchito za asayansi monga Charles Darwin, Ricardo ndi anthu ena. Lingaliro kwambiri anali ananenanso ndi Malthus mu bukhu lake. The lingaliro lalikulu chiphunzitso chake ndi chiwerengero cha anthu kumakhudza mwachindunji pa umoyo wa anthu.

Chiwerengero cha mitundu Homo sapiens, akuti Malthus, anayamba kukula kokha pafupi zaka 8 zikwi zapitazo, pamene kusaka ndi kusonkhana m'malo ndi moyo wongokhala. Pa nthawi imeneyo, mu dziko lonse, pali za miliyoni 10. Man. Ndiye chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse iyamba kukula mofulumira. Kale mu 1820 chiwerengerochi lino anthu biliyoni. Ndi 1959 iye anali chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lapansi ndi kale biliyoni atatu. Sadzachitanso zaka 13 Biliyoni asanu Anthu anabadwa.

Mwachidule mawu a chiphunzitso cha

Chilamulo Thomas Malthus limanena kuti nzeru zomwe alipo anthu onse moyo, kukakamiza iwo kuti achulukane mofulumira - mofulumira kwambiri akhoza kuvomereza pa kutaya kampani kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi zinthu zawo zakuthupi. Zotsatira za chilamulo ichi ndi laperekedwa kwa ntchito yake.

Malthus ananena kuti, ngakhale abulusa zimachitika munthu ngati mkokomo wa chifukwa kumayambika. Ndipotu, mwina sadzatha kudyetsa ana ake onse. Ngati munthu amamva pakati izi zomveka, izo amalifotokoza Thomas Malthus, padzakhala "likuvutika ukoma." Ngati wakumvera mawu Ana Mwachibadwa, ndipo zimaswana - anthu chidzakula mofulumira kwambiri amaloledwa ndalama zilipo, choncho amayamba kuchepa. Asayansi dziwani kuti kusowa chakudya ayenera kusintha kuchuluka ambiri.

Buku loyamba anamasulidwa Tomás Maltus, anali anonymous. Inasindikizidwa mu 1798, ndipo anapangitsa kwambiri zotsutsa ndi matenda. Kuti kusintha chilengedwe chake, Malthus amapita pa ulendo m'mizinda ya ku Ulaya. Patatha zaka zisanu, iye kachiwiri opereka magazini ino - koma pansi pa dzina lake. Okwana pa moyo wa Malthus m'buku lake anatuluka kasanu, ndipo nthawi iliyonse makope anali kuchulukirachulukira.

Chomasuka Malthusianism

Lingaliro wake walandira ayankhe chachikulu kale pa malo amene anali osavuta ndipo sanafunikire chithandizo cha mfundo zovuta kapena ziphunzitso kufanizitsa. Zonse zimene zachitidwa mwa Malthus - zimene ananena zenizeni m'moyo. mfundo wake ngati lodziwikiratu: sizowona ngati mmene munthu angathe kubereka insofar okha monga kudyetsa ana? Thomas Malthus ananena kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi zambiri zimaonekera mu kupitirira zojambula, pamene kuwonjezeka ubwino zachuma - mu masamu.

Resources n'zodalirika Malthus kuzindikiridwa ndi chakudya. Malinga ndi nzeru yake, mofulumira kuwonjezera mphamvu kupanga sikunali kotheka. Ndithudi, kusintha sayansi anali kupitirirabe pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, ndi zachilengedwe ndi nthawi yochepa.

chiphunzitso kuipa

Pankhaniyi, Malthus anakhutira kuti ngakhale phindu likulu m'mikhalidwe palibe sanathe zoperewerazo nthawi zonse kucheperachepera koefishienti ya chonde. Choopa njala - ichi ndi chikhalidwe yekha kuti kumalepheretsa munthu kuswana kusalankhula, anati Thomas Malthus. Population chiphunzitso Motero zolakwa zambiri ndi mfundo zosiyana kwenikweni. Mwachitsanzo, kulera ofufuza kuganizira "oipa" ndi ntchito yawo amatchedwa "zosavomerezeka zivute zitani." Asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kuwerengetsera zowerengera chiphunzitso chake si kuima kwa kugunda ndi zizindikiro wazotsatira a nthawi imeneyo.

Malthusian chiphunzitso lero

Akukhulupirira kuti mfundo Thomas Malthus angakhale othandiza pa chitukuko wonse. Komabe, pothetsa mavuto pachimake chikhalidwe, mwatsoka, ndi pafupifupi opanda ntchito. Amakhulupirira kuti akatswiri a masiku ano, kuchulukana vuto lero si kuchotsa kusiyana leni ndi mulingo woyenera kuchuluka kwa anthu. zoyenera mu ndondomeko chikhalidwe ayenera ikukhudzana kwa kuthetsa wa njira yodutsamo wobereketsa. Kuwonjezera apo, kafukufuku wa posachedwapa akusonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi chofunika kuti kukula ndi chuma.