Theophylact Chibugariya kutanthauzira pa Woyera Gospel

Ndipo tiyeni kuphunzira "The Kumasulira Theophylact la Bulgaria Woyera Gospel"! Izi ndi chidwi kwambiri ntchito. Mlembi wake ndi Bishop wa Ohrid Theophylact la Bulgaria. Iye anali munthu wotchuka Byzantine wazamulungu ndi wolemba, wotanthauzira kwa Lemba. Iye anakhala pa mapeto a XI - chiyambi cha XII m'ma m'chigawo Chibugariya Byzantine (tsopano Republic of Macedonia).

Theophylact Chibugariya zambiri amatchedwa atangoona, ngakhale kuti sanali a oyera anazindikira poyera ya Tchalitchi cha Orthodox. Tikumbukenso kuti Asilavo ndi olemba Greek ndi ofalitsa nthawi zambiri zinkakambidwa pofuna monga woyera ndi opotoka makolo a mpingo.

yonena

Wambiri Theophylact Chibugariya pang'ono kudziwika. Ena amati kuti anabadwa pambuyo 1050 (mpaka 1060 ndendende) pachilumba cha Euboea, mumzinda wa Chalkis.

Mu Constantinople Hagia Sophia Theophylact chopatsika diaconate: uyamiko kwa Iye, anadza ku bwalo la Mfumu Parapinaka Michael VII (1071-1078). Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti pambuyo Michael anafa, Theophylact anauzidwa kuti mwana wake Prince Konstantinu Duki wophunzitsa. Ndipotu zaka zinayi-ana amasiye, ndipo tsopano ndi udindo umenewu wolowa, panali chabe mayi - Mfumukazi Maria, woyang'anira Theophylact Chibugariya. Mwa njira, iye anamutengera kulemba zinthu zabwino.

Tikumbukenso kuti kuwuka kwa ntchito zolembedwa Theophylact, makalata kuchokera Bulgaria ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu otchuka, kutumiza ku Bulgaria, Bishopu wamkulu wa Ohrid akugwirizana ndi ulamuliro wa Komnina Alekseya (1081-1118). Theophylact anamuponya kunja kwa likulu, kumene amazikhulupirira mwachabe anayesa mwina chifukwa zamanyazi za banja autocrat Michael.

Palibe amene akudziwa utali anakhalabe atangoona Theophylact la Bulgaria ndipo pamene reposed. M'makalata ake analembedwa chiyambi cha m'ma XII. Pa nthawi imeneyo, pamene iye anali pa bwalo la Mfumukazi Maria, koma palibe zaka kale kuposa 1088-1089, mlaliki walenga "malangizo The Tsar Mulungu." Izi ntchito chosasimbika, odalirika kwambiri mabwalo zolembalemba, anali mwapadera kwa wophunzira wake, Prince Constantine. Ndipo mu 1092 iye agona Mfumu Alekseyu Komninu m'malo kumusangalatsa chiyamikiro.

chilengedwe

Amadziwika kuti chipilala zofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya zolembalemba chilengedwe Theophylact ankaona m'makalata ake. Anapulumuka 137 makalata amene anatumiza wapamwamba anthu kanthawi ndi mphamvu yauzimu ufumu. Mu makalata amenewa Wodalitsika Theophylact la Bulgaria anadandaula za tsoka lake. Iwo anali woyengedwa ndi Byzantines ndi kunyansidwa chachikulu, a akunjawo, kuti ziweto zawo Asilavo, "kununkhiza nkhosa."

Tikumbukenso kuti nkhani ya zipolowe otchuka, nthawi zonse uka pamaso pa Kubwera kwa wachiwiri Chibugariya ufumu, ndipo tione nthawi magulu ankhondo a Akhristu, alimbikitsidwe makalata ambiri Feofilakt mlingo wa gwero kwambiri mbiri. Data pa kasamalidwe ka ufumu ndi zithunzi zambiri za chi Komnina Alekseya komanso zofunika.

Nsonga za njira kulenga Feofilakt ndi kutanthauzira za Chipangano Chatsopano ndi Chakale. Bukuli la malemba. The ntchito kwambiri choyambirira m'dera lino, ndithudi, amatchedwa mafotokozedwe Uthenga, makamaka ku Mateyu Woyera. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti wolemba zapansi mfundo pano pa kutanthauzira zosiyanasiyana Ioanna Zlatousta pa nambala yaikulu kwambiri Makanema a Malemba.

Nthawi zambiri, Theophylact zambiri amalola chongoyerekezera kutanthauzira malemba, nthawi zina amalowetsa zolimbitsa kutsutsana ndi mipatuko. Theophylact Chibugariya amanena zochita utumwi ndi mauthenga kwa gawo lalikulu anachoka mu ndemanga, koma malemba panopa kwenikweni anakopera ku magwero samveka za m'ma IX ndi X atumwi. Iye ndi mlembi wa moyo wonse wa Wodalitsika Clement wa Ohrid.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi polemic chiwembu Latins, wolembedwa mu mzimu wa chiyanjanitso, ndi mawu a ofera khumi amene anavutika pansi Julian mu Tiveriupole (Strumica).

Chidwi mfundo: mu Patrologia Graeca zolemba mlaliki anaika TH 123 kwa 126 TH buku palimodzi.

Ndemanga pa Uthenga Wabwino wa Mateyu

Choncho, Theophylact analemba kutanthauzira zodabwitsa za Uthenga Wabwino wa Mateyu, ndipo tsopano tidzayesetsa kuganizira ntchito imeneyi. Anaonetsa kuti amuna onse oyera amene anakhala pamaso pa lamulo, chidziwitso analandira mabuku ndi zolemba. Izi ndi odabwitsa ndithu, koma ntchito kwake kunasonyeza kuti iwo anakulira kuwala Mzimu Woyera, ndi zina chabe mwa chidziwitso cha chifuniro cha Mulungu: Mulungu mwini anatsogolera kukambirana nawo. Kotero iye ankaimira Nowa, Abulahamu, Yakobo, Isake, ndi Yobu ndiponso Mose.

Patapita kanthawi anthu alowa pansi ndi kukhala osayenera kuphunzira ndi kuwunikiridwa kwa Mzimu Woyera. Koma Mulungu ndi yachifundo, anawapatsa malembo akuti ngakhale kumuyamikila adzakumbukira iye. Theophylact analemba kuti Khristu payekha anatsogolera kukambirana woyamba ndi atumwi ake, ndipo kenako nawatuma kwa akuthandizeni madalitso Mzimu Woyera. Kumene, Ambuye kuyembekezera kuti nthawi kudzakhala mpatuko ndi anthu makhalidwe pansi kotero iye anasangalala kuti Mauthenga analembedwera. Ndipotu, kotero ife akukoka kuchokera choonadi, osati mabodza ndi achikunja uvlechomsya makhalidwe athu sanatsatile iwonongeke.

Ndipo ndithudi, kutanthauzira kwa Uthenga Wabwino wa Mateyu ndi omangirira kwambiri ntchito. Kuphunzira Buku zimakhalira (Mf.1: 1), Theophylact ndinadabwa chifukwa wodala Mateyu sanati, monga aneneri, mawu akuti "masomphenya" kapena "mawu"? Ndipotu, nthawi zonse anati, "masomphenya amene Yesaya anamusilira" (Is.1: 1) kapena "The mawu amene Yesaya ..." (Yesaya 2: 1.). Mukufuna kulongosola nkhani imeneyi? Inde, alauli monga anapita kwa opanduka ndi olimbika mtima. Momwemo anatiuza kuti ndi masomphenya a Mulungu ndi mawu a Mulungu kwa anthu mantha osati ananyalanyaza chifukwa iwo anamuuza.

Theophylact limati Mateyu analankhula ndi zabwino, okhulupirika ndi omvera, choncho kanthu za mtundu ananena kwa aneneri. Iye ananena kuti zimene ankaganiza aneneri, anaona maganizo, akuyang'ana pa izo mwa Mzimu Woyera. Momwemo iwo anati iwo anali masomphenya.

Mateyu kodi simusamala akuganizira Khristu, koma maganizo naye anakhala ndi kumvetsera sensuous Ake, kumuyang'ana iye mu thupi. Theophylact analemba kuti momwemo iye sananene: "masomphenya amene ndinaona," kapena "yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale", koma anati: ". Buku zimakhalira"

Kenako, timawerenga kuti dzina "Yesu" - Chiyuda, osati Greek, ndipo anawamasulira kuti "Mpulumutsi." Ndipotu, mawu akuti "yao" Ayuda kuuzidwa za chipulumutso.

Ndipo Khristu ( "Khristu" litanthauza mu Greek "wodzozedwa") ankatchedwa ansembe akulu ndi olamulira, chifukwa iwo ali odzozedwa ndi mafuta a chiyero; anathira kwa lipenga, yemwe ntchito kwa mutu wawo. Ambiri, dzina la Ambuye Yesu, ndi bishopu, chifukwa iye nsembe yekha monga Mfumu, ndi kunyumba ndi tchimo. Theophylact analemba kuti odzozedwa ndi mphatso mafuta, Mzimu Woyera. Komanso, amamudzoza kuposa onse, chifukwa palibe wina anali ndi Mzimu monga Ambuye? Tikumbukenso kuti oyera anachita dalitso la Mzimu Woyera. Khristu ndiye mphamvu ntchito motere: Khristu mwiniyo, ndi consubstantial ndi Mzimu Wake ntchito kuchita zozizwitsa.

David

Kenako Theophylact ananena kuti mwamsanga pamene Mateyu anati, "Yesu," iye anati, "Mwana wa Davide" kuti mukhoza sankadziwa kuti ankanena Yesu wina. Ndipotu, masiku amenewo ndinkakhala Yesu china chapadera, Mose, pambuyo mtsogoleri wachiwiri wa Ayuda. Koma uyu sakutchedwa mwana wa Davide ndi mwana wa Nuni. Iye anakhala nthawi yaitali pamaso pa Davide anabadwa osati ku fuko la Yuda, amene anabwera Davide, koma kwa mzake.

Kodi n'chifukwa chiyani Mateyu kuika Davide Abraham? Chifukwa Davide anali wodziwika: anakhala kenako, Abulahamu ankatchedwa mfumu kwambiri. Wa olamulira anali wokondweretsa oyamba Mulungu Ambuye, ndipo analandira lonjezo kwa iye, ndipo kudamveka kuti Khristu mbeu ya kuwuka kwake, chifukwa Khristu amatchedwa Mwana wa Davide.

David kwenikweni chifaniziro cha Khristu opulumutsidwa monga anasiya malo a Ambuye ndi voznenavidennogo Seoul anayamba kulamulira, ndipo Khristu anabwera m'thupi ndipo anayamba kulamulira ife Adamu anataya ufumu wake, ndi ulamuliro umene ziwanda ndi zamoyo zonse anali nazo.

Abrahamu anabala Isake (Mt 1: 2.)

Kenako Theophylact amatanthauzira kuti Abrahamu anali atate wa Ayuda. N'chifukwa chake mlaliki naye akuyamba mbadwo. Komanso, Abrahamu anali lonjezo loyamba: zinanenedwa kuti "mitundu yonse idzadalitsidwa ndi mbewu yake."

Kumene, wamakhalidwe udzayamba banja mtengo wa Khristu naye, pakuti Khristu ali mbewu ya Abrahamu, amene timalandira chisomo cha zonse kuti amafano Zidalitsogolera anali pansi lumbiro.

Nthawi zambiri, Abraham amatanthauza "bambo a Zinenero", ndi Isaac - "kuseka", "chisangalalo". N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mlaliki Kodi kulemba za ana apathengo wa Abraham Mwachitsanzo, Isimaeli ndi zina, chifukwa Ayuda sanali tinachokera kwa iwo, koma mwa Isaki. Mwa njira, Mateyu inafotokozedwa Yudasi ndi abale ake chifukwa mafuko khumi ndi awiri anatsika kuchokera iwo.

Zofotokoza pa Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane

Ndipo tsopano tione mmene Theophylact Chibugariya Yohane anayankhula. Iye analemba kuti mphamvu ya Mzimu wa Woyera, ndipo malinga ndi (2 Akorinto 12: 9), Ndipo momwe tikukhulupirira, kukakwaniritsa mu kufooka. Koma osati kufooka kwa thupi, komanso waluso polankhula ndi chifukwa. Monga umboni, anatchula chitsanzo chimene m'bale wake wa Khristu ndi azamulungu kwambiri anasonyeza chisomo.

bambo ake anali msodzi. John yekha ankasakidwa mu njira yomweyo bambo ake. Iye sanathe kupeza osati maphunziro Ayuda ndi Agiriki, koma sanali pa Kazan. nkhaniyi ponena za iye St. Luka Machitidwe (Machitidwe. 4:13). Dziko izo ankaona osauka kwambiri ndi anthu wamba - anali m'mudzi, amene ankachita nsomba, osati sayansi. Iye anaonekera kwa kuwala ku Betsaida.

Mlaliki kudabwa ena Komabe, Mzimu anacititsa ndi osaphunzira, wolemekezeka, mwa njira iliyonse si munthu kwambiri. Ndipotu, analalikira kuti kanthu anatiphunzitsa palibe alaliki ena.

Tikumbukenso kuti chifukwa iwo ali ndi uthenga ukulalikidwa kwa umunthu wa Khristu ndi wa muyaya alipo silinenapo imayenera, pali ngozi kuti anthu omangidwa ku dziko lapansi ndipo sangathe kuganizira mkulu, ndikuganiza kuti Khristu Genesis zimachokera pokhapokha kubadwa kwake kwa Mariya, sanadzozedwe wa atate wake pamaso dziko.

Ndi mu chinyengo ichi yatha Samosatskiy Pavel. N'chifukwa chake laulemerero Yohane analengeza kubadwa kwa zinthu zakumwamba, ponena Komabe, kubadwa kwa Mawu. Pakuti akunena: "Ndipo mawu anasandulika thupi" (Yohane 1: 14).

Tikupereka nkhani ina zambiri zodabwitsa mu Yohane Mlaliki. Ndicho, ndi chokhacho, ndipo ali amayi atatu: Amayi Salome, bingu, chifukwa cha mawu chachikulu wa Uthenga Wabwino, ndi "mwana wa bingu." (Marko 3:17), Ndipo Namwali Mariya. N'chifukwa chiyani Virgin? Inde, popeza kwalembedwa, "Onani, amayi wanu!" (Yohane 19:27.).

Zinali mawu oyambirira (Yohane 1: 1.)

Choncho, kuwerenga kutanthauzira kwa Uthenga Theophylact Chibugariya. Kodi Mlaliki anati m'mawu oyamba, izo akubwereza, ndipo tsopano pamene azamulungu ena amene nthawi yaitali za kubadwa kwa Ambuye padziko lapansi, anakulira ndi kuchuluka kwa John amanyalanyaza zinthu zimenezi, monga anzake kusukulu za iwo ndithu kwambiri ananena. Iye anditsogolera nkhani za Umulungu, anakhala munthu pakati pathu.

Komabe, ngati kuyang'ana zabwino kwambiri, inu mukhoza kuwona momwe anthu, ngakhale sanam'bisira zokhudza Umulungu yekha, koma izo zonse chomwecho pang'ono, ndi Yohane, maso ake atathana ndi Mawu a Mulungu, anatsindika nyengo ya thupi. Wa miyoyo ya onse imayendetsedwa ndi Mzimu umodzi.

Sichoncho kutanthauzira chenicheni cha Uthenga Wabwino Theophylact kuphunzira Chibugariya ndi chidwi kwambiri? Tipitirize dziŵani zina okha ndi ntchito yosangalatsayi. Kodi Yohane akunena kuti? Iye amatiuza za Mwana ndi Atate. Ananena kuti kuli wopandamalire wa wobadwa yekha pamene anati: "Iwo anali Mawu pachiyambi," ndiko kuti, kuchokera pachiyambi linali. Zimene zinachitika kuyambira pachiyambi, kuwonjezera, ndithudi, sizimawoneka nthawi imene sanali.

"Location - ndidzapempha ena - zikhoza kukhala otsimikiza kuti mawu akuti" Pachiyambi panali Kwenikweni, kumene "amatanthauza mofanana kuti kuyambira pachiyambi?"? Monga kumvetsa ambiri, ndipo ambiri a zaumulungu izi. Pakuti iye anati mu umodzi mwa mipukutu wake: "kuti kuyambira pachiyambi wakhala amene tawaona ..." (1 Yohane 1: 1.).

Theophylact kutanthauzira Chibugariya ndi zachilendo kwambiri. Iye akutipempha ngati tikuona wosankhidwa mwiniwakeyo anati? Ndipo iye anati choncho kumuuza wofunsayo. Koma iye amadziwa kuti "pachiyambi" komanso Mose kuti: "Mulungu analilenga pa chiyambi" (Gen. 1: 1.). Kodi mawu akuti "chiyambi" sapereka kumvetsa, ngati kumwamba mpaka kalekale, ndipo apa iye safuna liu loti "pachiyambi" ngati wobadwa yekha wosatha. Kumene, iwo amati kokha ampatuko. Pa kupirira wamisalayu ife sakanachitira mwina koma kunena kuti tchire cha dumbo! N'chifukwa chiyani inu kanthu za izi? Koma ife adzanena kuti ichi motsutsana ndi chifuniro chanu!

Nthawi zambiri Theophylact Chibugariya kutanthauzira kumabweretsa mawunikidwe zosiyanasiyana kukhalapo. Apa Mwachitsanzo, Mose ananena kuti poyamba Mulungu adalenga kumwamba ndi thambo lapansi, ndipo akunena kuti pachiyambi "anali" Mawu. Kodi ndi kufanana pakati pa 'analenga "ndiponso" "? Ndipo ngati pali linalembedwa "Pachiyambi Mulungu adalenga Mwana," mlaliki akanati kanthu. Koma tsopano, pambuyo anati "Pachiyambi panali," Yesu anamaliza, kuti mawu a zaka zana pali, koma osati ndi kupita kwa nthawi pokhala monga ambiri Jabberwocky.

Kodi sizowona kutanthauzira Theophylact la Bulgaria Umutu ndi masautso amene werengani? Ndiye n'chifukwa Yohane sananene kuti "Pachiyambi panali Mwana," koma - "Mawu"? The Mlaliki limanena kuti iye anati chifukwa cha kufooka kwa omvetsera, zimene tinamva za Mwana kuyambira chiyambi cha thupi osati kubadwa kwa malingaliro ndi mokhudza. Pakuti wake "lalifupi" amakutchani inu kudziwa kuti maganizo dispassionate mawu wabadwa anabadwa bambo ake modekha.

Ndipo kufotokoza wina kuti "Mau" chifukwa iye anatifotokozera za makhalidwe bambo ake, komanso mawu ena ati boma la maganizo. Ndipo palimodzi, kuti ife kuti awone kuti Iye ali Atate, co-wosatha. Pakuti monga sikutheka amati malingaliro ndi zambiri zimachitika popanda mawu, ndipo Atate ndi Mulungu kulibe popanda Mwana.

General kutanthauzira Theophylact la Bulgaria imasonyeza kuti Yohane wagwiritsa ntchito mawu amenewa chifukwa pali zambiri mawu osiyanasiyana Mulungu, monga malamulo, maulosi, ngati angelo anati, "mphamvu ya amphamvu, kuchita chifuniro chake" (Masalmo 102 :. 20), ndiko kuti, malamulo ake. Koma tisaiwale kuti mawu ndi gulu payekha.

Zofotokoza pa kalata yopita kwa Aroma wa wodala Mtumwi Paulo

Kutanthauzira kwa Chipangano Chatsopano mlaliki ali anthu mosalekeza mavesiwo. Apa tikutengegeredwa ku chidziwitso cha iwo, chifukwa iyeyo sanganame kwa amene akuti, kupeza, ndigogoda ndi adzamtsegulira kwa inu (Mateyu 7: 7). Ndi ife amakhudzana ndi uthenga wobisika wodala Mtumwi Paulo, muyenera kuwerenga mauthenga awa mosamala ndipo nthawi zonse.

Amadziwika kuti ziphunzitso zonse za mawu a mtumwi kuposa izi. Izo ziri zolondola, chifukwa ndi zambiri onse ntchito n'kugula madalitso wowolowa manja a Mzimu. Mwa njira, ichi Tingaone osati makalata ake, komanso wa Apostolic Machitidwe limanena kuti mawu wangwiro osakhulupirira anamutcha Herme (Machitidwe. 14:12).

Kumasulira Blazhennogo Feofilakta Chibugariya limasonyeza mokoma izi: choyamba, ife tikuyitanidwa Aroma osati chifukwa iwo amaganiza kuti analemba pamaso mauthenga ena. Choncho, pamaso pa Letters Aroma zinalengedwa zonse uthenga kwa Akorinto, ndipo pamwamba pawo kwalembedwa kalata yopita kwa Atesalonika, imene wodala Paulo ndi matamando anawauza sadaka ku Yerusalemu (1 Atesalonika 4: 9 - 10; 2 Akor ... 9: 2).

Komanso, kalata yoyamba kwa Aroma lolembedwa ndi Agalatiya. Ngakhale izi, kutanthauzira kwa Woyera Uthenga limatiuza kuti Aroma mauthenga ena atalenga kwambiri. N'chifukwa chiyani mu malo oyamba? Inde, chifukwa Malemba Opatulika sitikusowa kuti mumve. Ndipo aneneri khumi, pamene lonena iwo mu ndondomeko imene iwo anayikidwa mu mabuku opatulika, osati wina ndi mnzake mu nthawi, koma anasiyanitsidwa ndi mtunda wautali kwambiri.

Ndipo Paulo analembera Aroma kokha chifukwa anagwira ntchito zopatulika za ndime ya utumiki wa Yesu Khristu. Komanso, Aroma ankaona anyani wa chilengedwe chonse, pakuti iye amene amatulutsa mutu mwayi, phindu pa zina za thupi.

(Aroma 1: 1.)

Ambiri mlaliki Theophylact Chibugariya anazindikira ngati kalozera moyo. Kwenikweni ndi ntchito wapatali kwambiri. Mwa njira, iye akutero, kuti ngakhale Mose kapena alaliki kapena kuyambira aliyense sanalembe maina awo pamaso pa nyimbo zake, monga Paulo ananena dzina lake pamaso pa uthenga uliwonse. nuance Ichi ndi chifukwa ambiri polemba limodzi ndi iwo, ndipo anatumiza uthenga kutali ndi mwambo umunthu zambiri chosiyana mauthenga.

Tikumbukenso kuti kalata kwa Ahebri, iye sali. Ndipotu, iwo ankamuda iye, kotero, kumva dzina lake sanaime kuti kumumvera kubisa dzina lake kuchokera pa chiyambi.

Chifukwa ali mwa Sauli anadzatchedwa yekha Paulo? Kuti iye kukhala poyerekeza yaikulu ya atumwi, dzina lakuti Kefa, kutanthauza "mwala" kapena ana a Zebedayo, wotchedwa Boanege, ndiye kuti Ana a bingu.

kapolo

ukapolo ndi chiyani? Iwo ali mitundu yambiri. Kodi ukapolo chilengedwe zomwe zinalembedwa (Salmo 118 :. 91). Kodi ukapolo mwa chikhulupiriro, akunena, "ife anayamba kuona chifaniziro cha chiphunzitso chimene inuyo mwathera tokha" (Aroma 6:17.). More ukapolo alipo mu chifanizo cha kukhala Mose mtumiki wa Mulungu wotchedwa kuti udindo uwu. Paulo "Kapolo" mitundu onsewa.

Tikukhulupirira, nkhaniyi kupeza inu bwino wotchuka ntchito Feofilakt ndi adzatithandiza m'tsogolo, zakuya kuphunzira zolemba zake.