Kutanthauzira malemba: zitsanzo, mavuto ndi njira. Analysis ndi kutanthauzira kwa lemba ndakatulo

Aliyense wa ife tsiku lililonse anakumana ndi kuchuluka kwa mfundo kutanthauzira. Kaya ndi zofunika kulankhulana, ntchito kapena chinachake, tonsefe "kumasulira" mawu wamba ndi mawu m'chinenero tingamvetse bwino.

zambiri

Mawu akuti "kutanthauzira malemba" ndi mayanjano m'malo otsutsana. Munthu amagwirizanitsidwa ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri, wosangalatsa, ndithudi Scientific, zikuoneka zikuoneka gawo loyamba la mawu. Mawu "kutanthauzira" kutanthauziridwa monga ntchito ganizo limene lili mu chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti tanthauzo la chodabwitsa kumvetsa izo ndiyeno ntchito ndi izo, ndipo ngati ife kutanthauzira ndi yaitali ndi zovuta chiganizo chilankhulo chomveka, tinganene kuti kutanthauzira - ndi anatengera lemba maganizo awo ndi kumvetsa. Mfundo si zovuta zokwanira kumvetsa mmene ntchito ndi malemba, osati kulemba, komanso pakamwa, komanso kuzindikira kufunika kwa payekha ndi subjectivity mu kuzindikira zambiri.

N'chifukwa chiyani icho?

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi choona kuti aone zomwe chofunika yolemetsa ndondomeko ya kutanthauzira malemba. Nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusanthula zofunika kwa chilengedwe wotsatira wa mawu anu, monga mwa ntchito DPA ndi mayeso komwe muyenera kulemba mawu. Pankhaniyi, kutanthauzira, kumvetsa malemba - chinsinsi bwino. Koma nthawi yomweyo luso bwino ntchito ndi zomwe zinalembedwa si zofunika mayeso, komanso moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Choncho, pa kumvetsa kwathu mawu olembedwa kumadalira luso ntchito zikuluzikulu - mphamvu yaikulu ya aliyense wa anthu: pachithunzichi kutanthauzira malemba kungachititse kuti amvetsetse bwino, ndipo ngati mlandu wa Zomwe analemba kuti sumabala chiopsezo chilichonse kuti maganizo olakwika a malemba a chimango kulankhulana mungathe kuyambitsa mikangano kuti ndithu ndi vuto lalikulu.

Ndipo tsopano sayansi

Kumasulira m'mabuku monga sayansi osiyana inkayenda yekha mu zaka mazana makumi awiri. Iwo anali kudziŵika kuti "hermeneutics." Akatswiri ena amanena kuti cholinga chachikulu cha munda wa chidziwitso - "kotero azolowere lemba pofuna kumvetsa bwino kuposa wolemba yekha." Childs, sayansi izi ngati mbali imodzi ya nzeru koma kukana ufulu wodzilamulira ndi tanthauzo.

imachokera

Ndi kutanthauzira timakumana nawo ana aang'ono. Kumene, pali mfundo komanso maganizo amene aliyense ali ana onse, koma mwamsanga pamene mwana wayamba kusonyeza paokha, alipo woyamba makamaka maganizo a zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Imayamba ndi zithunzi ndi zojambula, ndipo kenako ndi luso kuwerenga, m'maganizo ya kutanthauzira chimafikira kwa mankhwala.

Akatswiri ena amanena kuti zochita zina zachilendo zizindikiro za kudwala mu chitukuko cha ana, koma pa yemweyo nthawi zonse akhoza zimachitika maganizo nzeru za ana, akuwonetseredwa mu ngati wamng'ono. Zikuoneka kuti umu ndi mmene iwo amabadwa geniuses amene kuona dziko mosiyana. Palibe angathe sanalange ana chikhalidwe chawo, pa mwake, alimbikitse ndi kukhala mu njira iliyonse.

A pang'ono okhudza sukulu

Monga mbali ya maphunziro kusukulu amaona njira zimenezi ya kutanthauzira malemba monga ulaliki ndi nkhani. Mbali yoyamba zonse momveka bwino: kuti chofunika kumvetsa gwero code ku kumvetsa cholinga cha wolemba, ndi kukuonetsa mwa ntchito zawo, ndi kulemba, chirichonse zambiri zosangalatsa. Iwo amagwiritsa kutanthauzira zoyambirira za lembalo. Zitsanzo za zinthu zimenezi - ankalemba-yotsatira, pamene wophunzira ntchito - kukhala storyline, wayamba ndi wolemba, kapena nkhani, yankho limene mukufuna kufotokoza maganizo awo kuti tithe wolemba, ndithudi, tisachite zimenezo.

Mtundu zovuta zambiri za ntchito imatengedwa kulingalira, imene kufunika kwa kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane ndi kutanthauzira malemba. Ndi iwo amene adzakhala maziko a ntchito palokha kwathunthu, kugwirizana ndi original yekha mfundo zikuluzikulu ndi mawu, umene kusonyeza wophunzirayo.

Tiyeni tione ndakatulo

Kovuta kunena zimene zovuta kwambiri: kutanthauzira kwa malemba ndakatulo kapena ntchito ndi prose. The peculiarity a chinenero mabuku ndi mawu angapo, zimene zimapangitsa zovuta kuzimvetsa: lingaliro lomwelo angathe kutanthauziridwa mu njira zosiyanasiyana, makamaka ngati ndi mawu amene asintha tanthauzo lexical pa nthawi Mwachitsanzo, "troechnik" m'njira zamakono - mwana wasukulu, The chifukwa si chilemba bwino, pomwe chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ndi oyambirira malemba m'zaka, kungakhale Coachman, amene analamulira akavalo atatu.

Vuto lina ndilo tanthauzo la lemba ndakatulo - njinga. Nthano, mafanizo ndi achipongwe, si nthawi zonse bwino yosavuta wokhalamo, kukhala ngozi woona, makamaka kwa wophunzira ano, ambiri mwa mfundo zimene mlendo kwa mabuku. Komanso, anthu kuzindikira chodabwitsa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, choncho sitinganene kuti ndi potsimikiza kuti kutanthauzira kwa malemba ndakatulo ndi zolondola, ngati nkotheka kutanthauzira kwa lingaliro la munthu.

moyo prose

Kumasulira lemba prose amagwirizana ndi mavuto ofanana ndi ndakatulo. Kachiwiri, osiyana, munthu kutanthauzira mfundo zina, kachiwiri chosakwanira kumvetsa mawu - n'kosavuta basi chimene prose zimakhala zochepa njira akuti luso, monga ulamuliro, si zovuta kumvetsa malemba.

Mfundo kutanthauzira bwino akhoza kumachita molondola "Baibulo" ngati munthu akhoza kuzitcha izo chodabwitsa - bwino onani tanthauzo lexical la liwu lililonse la chiganizo mpukutu, kusankha mitundu mulingo woyenera mawu a maganizo - pafupifupi kulilembanso malemba, kwathunthu modalira kapangidwe n'chimodzimodzi. Ndipo mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito phwando, zomwe akatswiri a zinenero kuitana chinenero Chapafupi: Pankhaniyi sindiye kudziwa tanthauzo lenileni la liwu lililonse, zimaonekeratu kwa zinthu.

The njira yachiwiri ikusonyeza msinkhu ndi mkulu wa bwino, koma nthawi yomweyo sasamalira ndi lolondola mtheradi wa kutanthauzira. ubwino komanso njira imeneyi n'chakuti munthu ndi mawu womwewo ukhoza kukhala ndi matanthauzo osiyanasiyana lexical, osiyana mu mthunzi wake (Motero, "kutchuka" zimakhala zabwino ndi zoipa khalidwe malinga ndi nkhani), ndipo Chapafupi zinenero iwo limachititsa kupewa kufufuza wonyong'onya mtengo zolondola, mophweka kuwonetsera mthunzi Napempha kwa kutanthauza lembalo.

Kapena mwina si koyenera?

Kumasulira Malemba, ndi aliyense, n'zotheka opanda tanthauzo bwino tanthauzo lexical la liwu lililonse payekha. Zonse zimadalira mmene tanthauzo la malemba n'kofunika. Mwachitsanzo, aliyense akudziwa mawu zilankhulo Scherba "shaggy Kūdra Steck kudlanula bokra ndi Kudlach bokrenka". Palibe mawu mu pempholo zilibe kanthu, koma pa kutanthauzira komweko lemba la n'zotheka: anapeza mokwiya kwa wamkulu, ndipo tsopano akupitiriza kuti zoonadi zochita zawo Bakuman. Imeneyi, mfundo Sikuti.

chidwi kwambiri ndi ntchito zofanana ana: kusonyeza mtundu uwu adzawalola kumvetsa luso kulenga kukhala kotheka kupanga dongosolo lapadera la zithunzi zochokera maganizo munthu lemba la: yemweyo "shaggy Kurd" Aliyense adzaona njira zawo, monga bokra ndi bokronkom.

zilankhulo

Nthawi aliyense payekha kuganizira ndilo tanthauzo la lemba zolembalemba chinenero china. udindo A akhoza kuimba ndi miyambo ya dziko, ndi Kusiyana mafuko, ngakhale ena mbali dera chinenero wapadera dera.

Kugwira ntchito ndi mutu kwambiri ngati ntchito mwini: lingaliro ikupezeka anapitiriza, ndi ena chabe kuti redrawn, kwathunthu kuchokera zikande, kale ndinazolowera kumvetsetsa owerenga, kutali ku mbali ya m'chinenero choyambirira.

Ndi weniweni luso - kutanthauzira olondola a lembalo. Zitsanzo - sonety Shakespeare Zosintha Marshak kapena Pasternak. Choyamba, munthu ndi sonnet chimodzimodzi woyimba izi zikumveka mosiyana - ichi ndi chitsanzo momveka bwino kumasulira munthu phunziro zolembalemba, ndipo kachiwiri, ena ofufuza amakamba kuti kumasulira Russian zambiri wophiphiritsa English yoyambirira yeniyeni mwa peculiarities lexical wa chilankhulo kachiwiri timatha inu kutsindika ntchito ya kutanthauzira mu maganizo a lembalo.

Pomaliza

Kumasulira Malemba, monga chikuonekera - osati chinthu choterocho yophweka, monga zikuoneka pa koyamba. Pali zambiri zina zabwino zosiyanasiyana, omwe ndi udindo waukulu kumvetsetsa Malemba. Chitsanzo china chabwino cha kumasulira mwina anatengera lemba kuti owerenga magulu Mwachitsanzo, ena ntchito zolembalemba mwadala wosalira zambiri, kuwapanga Kufikika kumvetsa a ana, monga ana aang'ono amene chochuluka kudzera mwa akuti luso akhoza kukhala cholepheretsa kumvetsa.

Kuchepetsa kufunika akutanthauzira lemba - ndi mlandu. Munthu aliyense ayenera kudziwa kuti yekha olondola "Baibulo" adzalola kuti tilowe mu ubale bwino ndi anthu, kuthana ndi mavuto maphunziro ndi akatswiri, ndipo mfundo kuthetsa angapo mavuto omwe angabuke miyoyo yathu tsiku ndi tsiku. Tikumbukenso kuti mfundo kutanthauzira kuperekedwa kumayambiriro kwa nkhani ino angathe osati malemba olembedwa, ntchito zolembalemba, mwachitsanzo, komanso amalankhulitsana pakati pa anthu. Izi kanthu amasintha: kutanthauzira mawu, kumvetsa wathunthu wa makhalidwe awo amapereka munthu mwayi mfundo, kusonyeza bwino za luso lawo kulenga, chimene chimadalira kumasulira chodabwitsa ndi.