Zotsutsana - ndi chiyani ichi?

Zotsutsana - zimatsutsana ndi mzake tanthauzo, koma wachokera ku mbali yomweyo ya kulankhula mawu. Ali ndi kalembedwe osiyana bwino. Kudziwa ubwino loyang'ana wina lophweka mwa zina, zokwanira kumupatsa mawonekedwe kukana. Mwachitsanzo, loyang'ana mwachindunji mawu kunena - musakhale chete, chisoni - zosangalatsa zambiri ndi zina zotero. M'nkhaniyi tiona mwatsatanetsatane mfundo "zotsutsana" ndi kuphunzira maganizo awo.

mwachidule

pali zina zabwino zambiri ndi subtleties mu gawo lirilonse la mawu chifukwa chuma cha chinenero cha Chirasha. Osati popanda chifukwa ena masukulu ndi mayunivesite anaphunzira mabuku ambiri pa zilankhulo.

1. Lodziwika n'chakuti chifukwa polysemy mayunitsi chinenero, otsutsana nawo mawu omwewo mu nkhani yake amasiyana. Mwachitsanzo: ndi Boar akale - wamng'ono Boar, galimoto chakale - galimoto latsopano, akale tchizi - mwatsopano tchizi ndi zina zotero.
2. Zotsutsana ndi aliyense wagawo lexical. Iwo sali Mwachitsanzo, mawu kusoka Institute, buku ndi zina zotero.
3. Mbali yaikulu ndi chitsutso cha mawu amene angatanthauze:

• chinthu makhalidwe (wochenjera - opusa, zoipa - zabwino);
• chikhalidwe ndi masoka zochitika (talente - mediocrity, kutentha - ozizira);
• zokhudzana ndi opareshoni (kuti disassemble - kusonkhanitsa, kumbukirani - kukumbukira).

mitundu otsutsana

Iwo ali osiyana mu dongosolo.

• Single mizu otsutsana - mawu ufalikire tanthauzo, koma muzu chomwecho. Mwachitsanzo: chikondi - sakonda, patsogolo -regress. Iwo anapanga ndi kuika prefixes (zosakhudzana, popanda / C, Pedaya, aku- ndi zina zotero).
• Raznokornevye otsutsana - mawu kumalo ozizira momveka ndi mizu osiyana. Mwachitsanzo: lalikulu - yaing'ono, wakuda - woyera.

Ndiyeno mtundu woyamba amenenso lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu: otsutsana-euphemisms (okhulupirika yachangu kusiyana, kusiyana Mwachitsanzo: chidwi - zazing'ono) ndi enantiosemy (anafotokoza Kutchulira ndi chimodzi ndi mawu omwewo, mwachitsanzo, kuona (mawu a anasonyeza) ndi kuwonetsera (m'lingaliro mwadya).

Komanso secrete gulu lina: contextual otsutsana - mawu amasiyana tanthauzo okha ena nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mu ntchito wolemba: analibe maso - ndi maso.

Otsutsana ndi n'zofunika motere.

• Zosiyana: akuimira polarity kanthu, zotsatira kapena zizindikiro. Kawirikawiri pakati otsutsana ofanana, mukhoza mawu ndi phindu ndale: chimwemwe - mphwayi - chisoni, zabwino - mphwayi - negative.
• Vekitala: akuimira madera osiyana a kanthu: kuvala - kuchotsa, lotseguka - pafupi.
• Mosiyana: amasonyeza polarity zinthu, zochitika ndi zizindikiro, omwe amakonda ena. Pakati pawo, kuika ndale mawu zosatheka bwino - kumanzere.

ntchito za otsutsana

Maganizo stylistic zotsutsana ndi udindo waukulu ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mawu limaonetseratu kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri ntchito ngati otsutsana (zosiyana, mosiyana). Chitsanzo: "Ndani kanthu adzakhala zonse." Nthawi zina otsutsana kupanga oxymoron (pawiri unjoinable). Chitsanzo: "Hot Snow," "Wamoyo mtembo".

Zotsutsana ankagwiritsa ntchito osati mutu wa ntchito, komanso miyambi, ndi mawu.