Ndi ambiguity mawu chiyani? mtengo

Liwu lililonse lili ndi tanthauzo lexical. Ichi ndi chimene ife taganizani mu kulingalira pamene timamva ndikuwerenga izo.

Mwachitsanzo, mfundo monga "m'dzinja tsamba kugwa".

Ena mawu lexical kutanthauza munthu. Mwachitsanzo, "tsamba" - chizindikiro wapadera. Koma "Yophukira" - chiphunzitso cha ziwiri manambala. Mmodzi wa iwo - monga nthawi ya zaka, ndi zina - nthawi ya moyo wa munthu pamene iye ayamba zaka. Mawu amenewa amatchedwa Mipikisano ofunika.

The ambiguity mawu

Izi lingaliro lexical, ndi lomwe cholinga luso la mawu osonyeza zochitika zosiyanasiyana kuti ali padziko lapansi. M'munsimu muli zitsanzo zimenezi:

• Azur - gawo la dziko pokhudzana ndi madzi (gombe); lapansi, m'mayiko (anatsutsika wolakwa pa gombe); imfa ya kudziletsa ( "gombe saona" - mtengo kunyamula).
• Msinkhu - kutalika china pansi-mmwamba (kuchokera pamwamba pa kukula kwake); kutalika vertically kwa mfundo ndi mzake (denga kutalika); ikani pamwamba malo ozungulira, phiri (kutenga kutalika); luso mlingo (kufika kutalika); khalidwe zomvetsera kamvekedwe (mawu phula); kukhutiritsa zofuna kuyeza kwambiri ( "anakonzeka nthawi imeneyi" - chonyamula m'manja).
• The ngwazi - munthu amene anasonyeza kudzipereka kupulumutsa ena (nkhondo ngwazi); amene chidwi ndi chilakolako kutsanzira (cha ngwazi za nthawi yathu); khalidwe chimake cha ntchito luso (ngwazi za buku la).

• Soul - akamanena kuti akukhala mu thupi la umunthu chuma (kwa miyoyo) ; lamkati dziko la munthu ( 'moyo wathu wonse amafuna'); umunthu (yosavuta kapena lonse shawa); ndi abwana mlanduwo (moyo wa nkhondo yathu); ankakonda aliyense (cha moyo); anthu amene nambala atatembenuzidwa (ana anthu asanu); serf (malowolo - Makumi shawa); akaonekere kwa mbali ina ( "Tandiuza, moyo wanga"); chisangalalo ( "moyo amatenga"); bureaucrat ( "pepala moyo"); chikumbumtima (mu mtima); kudzoza, kusangalala kapena kusowa chochita, kukhumba (kuchita popanda moyo, anaimba ndi moyo).

The ambiguity mawu akusonyeza chitukuko cha chinenero. Kudya zosiyanasiyana ndi zinthu, dzina limodzi, kumabweretsa mapangidwe matanthauzo zina lexical.

Luso limeneli la kulankhula, pa dzanja limodzi, akutitsogolera kuti kupulumutsiramo iwo a chuma lexical, ndi pa zina, makhalidwe abwino a anthu amenewa maganizo zowombetsa mkota.

The ambiguity mawu (polysemy) akuimira umodzi makhalidwe angapo mwa phokoso limodzi.

Wophiphiritsa tanthauzo la mawu osokoneza

Ena mwa matanthauzo a mawu ndi kunyamula. Mosiyana ndi lingaliro mwachindunji, iwo ndi zasekondale ndi anapanga pamaziko a kufanana kulikonse ndi lingaliro pachiyambi. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "burashi" mtengo mwachindunji - dzanja, nthambi mu zanyengo constituent. manenedwe izi chimatsatira zinthu zina zimene chinachake lonse wopangidwa ndi makombo payekha: utoto burashi, gulu la mphesa.

The ambiguity cha mawu amagwirizana ndi zina lexical zinenero zimene limaphunzitsa. Mwachitsanzo, ndi ofanana

• Wamagazi Sunset (wofiira);
• ayezi madzi (ozizira);
• moto makhalidwe (otentha);
• Zitsamba mtundu (obiriwira);
• mitambo ngale (woyera ndi imvi kum'chitira);
• umphumphu galasi (opanda cholakwa);
• kuwala kadzutsa (sanali nutritive);
• kuledzera (mosalekeza).

Loyang'ana (a chodabwitsa kumene mawu ndi tanthauzo zosiyana) unakambidwanso mogwirizana ndi mfundo anacemerwa "ambiguity mawu." Mawu anapatsidwa pansipa zikhoza zitsanzo izi:

• wingless - chimene moyo umunthu;
• stale - munthu wabwino;
• yosaoneka misa - yowala umunthu;
• zochepa mphamvu - kupingasa wosankha
• aakulu maganizo - ndi zakanthawi kukhumudwa.

Kusamutsa mfundo za mawonekedwe

Choka amatsogoza, mmene muli ambiguity mawu, mitundu chinenero pamaziko a kufanana, mwachitsanzo, mu mawonekedwe a:

• Tambala Chisa - chipeso mapiri;
• wanthambo za telefoni - mwala wa fumbi;
• miyendo mwana - miyendo tebulo;
• haystacks - mutu wa tsitsi;
• zenga, pakuti dzinthu - ndi kachigawo mwezi;
• yoyaka moto - moto wa masamba m'dzinja;
• mdima wa usiku - mdima m'maganizo;
• Chala - Garden mphete;
• achifumu korona - korona wa mangongo pa mutu wake;
• nyenyezi - maso kuwala;
• Far kutali ufumu - ufumu wa umbuli.

Choka makhalidwe mtundu

Zochitika zosiyanasiyana zochitika, anthu amatha kuona kufanana kwa zinthu ndi mtundu. Zimenezi tidzapeze zikamera wa mfundo zotere.

fanizo

The ambiguity cha mawu Chirasha kumalimbitsa kuthekera ntchito njira akuti luso. Malinga ndi mmene kulanda kukakwaniritsa mfundo amasiyana fanizo metonymy ndi synecdoche.

Fanizo - zikutanthauza omveka, amene amakhala ndi kulanda mfundo ndi kufanana kwa mawonekedwe, mtundu, kapena zina khalidwe:

• mtundu - golide yophukira;
• ndi malo - mchira la ndegeyo;
• ndi ntchito - ndi wipers galimoto;
• kutiumba - nsonga;
• chikhalidwe cha zochita - namondwe akulira.

Tiyeni tione ndakatulo olembedwa pa zolinga za Matchalitchi Perova "wosiyana Ukwati".

Mikanda misozi kwa maso a chisoni chanu

Walani pa tsaya bafuta.

Ndi makandulo la ukwati

Kwirirani chisangalalo pachifuwa.

Izi chithunzi chisoni kudzatithandiza mu phunziro la fanizoli monga njira mawu.

Mu mzere woyamba wa ndakatuloyi ndi fanizo - "Rosinka". Liwu limeneli lili ndi tanthauzo la "m'malovu madzi pa udzu ndi masamba." Koma palibe udzu, palibe masamba chithunzi kumeneko, ndipo akutsikira - ndi misozi wosasangalala mkwatibwi. Pankhaniyi tikulimbana ndi fanizo chobisika - fanizo.

Chiganizo chachiwiri cha fanizoli - mawu "pamakhala", imene pa lona ichi, kachiwiri, palibe. Pali mtsikana-mkwatibwi, amene masaya (masaya), poyerekeza ndi maluwa wosakhwima.

Kuwonjezera mafanizo akulankhula ili epithet "bafuta". Tanthauzo ili mulinso tanthauzo lophiphiritsira wophiphiritsa, ndiye akuitana anthu omwe si. mawu ali ndi tanthauzo lenileni "zopangidwa yosalala ndi yofewa minofu." Ndipo mwachibale kwa "pamakhala tsaya" ntchito mophiphiritsa.

Achipongwe mofanana mfundo za ntchito mafanizo ake ndi osiyana ndi iwo amene ali adjectives ndipo amayankha funso "m'njira yotani? kodi? kodi? amene? wa? Kodi? "Ndi zina zotero. D.

Mafanizo - manauni kapena kasewenzetsedwe ka mau. Chiganizo lotsiriza la wothandizila izi zowonetseredwa ndi "manda" lomwe lili ndi tanthauzo mwachindunji - ". Ndondomeko m'manda a munthu wakufa" Komabe, kupenta limeneli likusonyeza nthawi ya ukwati. Choncho, mawu akunena chinthu china Choncho, ali ndi tanthauzo lophiphiritsira. Choncho, wolemba akuti tiwonana kosatha ndi chiyembekezo ake akhale acimwemwe, kuti ndi kukwatiwa bwenzi lake. Mwina kotero mophiphiritsa kulankhula boma mnyamata, zikuonekeratu kuti lamanja la Mkwatibwi.

metonymy

tanthauzo lophiphiritsira akhoza kupangidwa ndi adjacency zinthu, zikutanthauza kuti mawu ali ndi mphamvu kutanthauza osati "awo" chinthu kapena chodabwitsa, komanso zokhudzana mwanjira ina. M'munsimu muli zitsanzo za metonymies yatsoka pamene anali kunditumiza matanthauzo:

• anthu ndi chiyembekezo kuti: "The omvera lonse gasped."
• Ndi mbale pa nkhani: "Ine anadya mbale lonse."

• Popeza mfundo mankhwala: "siliva wanga wopulukira."
• Ndi mawu akuthandizani: "The ndondomeko anaimba aria wake impeccably."

Choncho metonymy amalimbikitsa ndondomeko limene anapanga polysemy (lofanana ambiguity).

synecdoche

Njira kutengerapo mtengo mawu amodzi kwa mbali ina anangotchula m'malo lonse kapena zosiyana amatchedwa synecdoche. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "mkamwa" ali ndi tanthauzo mwachindunji - ". Thupi akuimira M'mimbamo pakati pa nsagwada chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi mwa munthu wamoyo" Wophiphiritsa tanthauzo mmenemo - chiwerengero cha anthu ogula m'banja ( "The pakamwa asanu ndi kudyetsa").

Synecdoche akupezeka milandu zotsatirazi, phindu kutengerapo:

• Ndi zovala, zidutswa za zovala, kwa chinthu munthu, "Hei, chipewa, kubwera kuno."
• Ndi chimodzi mochulukitsa, "German Stalingrad zinadulidwa."
• Ndi kuchuluka kwa mmodzi: "Ife anthu sadzitukumula, Ine adzakhala pano pakhomo."

Kuchepetsa ndi kukukulirakulira mfundo

The ambiguity mawu Russian kusanduka kwa zaka zambiri. Mu njira ya chitukuko pali zenizeni latsopano mu dziko. Optionally, iwo kupeza mayina awo. Mwachitsanzo, zimachitika kuti iwo amatchedwa mawu alipo kale mu chinenero. liners poyamba unkadziwika zombo chachikulu chokha ikuyandama m'nyanja. Panali ndege, ndi mawu anayamba kutanthauza komanso awo (yonyamula). Chotero ndondomeko ndi kufunika magetsi. Palinso zosiyana chodabwitsa - imfa ya mawu ena mfundo zawo - kuchepetsa.

Mwachitsanzo, kamodzi mawu "olimbanawo" anali tanthauzo imodzi yokha - "membala wa ankapoperamo mfuti kumbuyo kwa mdani," zinali tanthauzo - ". Othandiza gulu linalake" Popeza kwathunthu anataya nthawi, panali kuchepetsa a manenedwe.