Mycelium - ndichiyani? Kodi mycelium wa bowa?

Mycelium - ndichiyani? Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa ichi mwatsatanetsatane. mycelium iliyonse imakhala filaments woonda nthambi amakhala woyera - hyphae. Awa, wina amamvera yokha fruiting thupi. Mu apamwamba bowa mycelium ndi multicellular, m'munsi - acellular. Kwenikweni fruiting za thupi kupanga mitundu yekha shlyapochnye.

Udindo wa bowa chikhalidwe

Mitundu yonse ya moyo kwachilengedwenso padziko lapansi m'magulu atatu lalikulu la zomera, nyama ndi bowa. inawo ukufanizidwa ndi yaikulu zosiyanasiyana akalumikidzidwa ndi mitundu. Kunena zoona, bowa kuchita paudindo achilendo anamwino chikhalidwe, potenga gawo mu yobwezeretsanso wa nyama ndi zochita za anthu, komanso kuwonjezera mitundu ya zinthu zakufa organic. Shlyapochnye oimira ufumu wina wachitatu kwachilengedwenso amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ndi nyama kuti tipeze chakudya. Lachokera ku zimakhala za mitundu ina ya michere amathandiza kuti machiritso a matenda osiyanasiyana.

kapangidwe

Zipatso thupi pileate mitundu mwendo Ufumuyo mycelium. Pa nyumba imodzi iwo akhoza kukula yaikulu. Mycelium (icho chiri, ife tapeza kunja) tichipeza woonda chingwe woyera, okhoza kutenga dera lalikulu la dziko. Mosiyana ndi mbewu bowa musati pachimake ndipo musataye zipatso kapena mbewu. Kawirikawiri kubereka spores opangidwa pa lifotabe wa thupi fruiting. Kamodzi zinthu zabwino, timeneti "chitsotso cha fumbi" m'njira chifukwa kupereka mycelium latsopano, ndiyeno mkombero akubwereza.

mitundu

Oimira maufumu kwachilengedwenso anawagawa m'magulu atatu akulu akulu:

• Amanita. Ichi ndi gulu ambiri kudyedwa mwa anthu ndi nyama. Palinso mitundu chakupha. bowa onse shlyapochnye anawagawira monga tubular ndi mbale.
• Nkhungu. Ogaŵikana penetsilly ndi Mucor. Kwambiri chidwi dongosolo mycelium mitundu atsopano. Iye chikuyimira umodzi waukulu, kwambiri nthambi ndi kuchuluka kwa mtima selo. Penicillium mycelium lopangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo ankasiyana partitions.
• Yisiti. M'malo mycelium izi mitundu ndipamene ankawalamulira. Thupi ya yisiti n'kumugawa m'magulumagulu tichipeza selo limodzi.

Njira kudya ndi kubalana

Shlyapochnye mitundu kukula makamaka pansi. Mycelium (ndichiyani, tsopano inu mukudziwa) pa padziko lonse imakoka madzi kusungunuka zakudya dothi. Ena mitundu komanso kuwononga makungwa a mitengo kapena mizu. Pankhaniyi, zofunika kukula ndi chitukuko cha zinthu kulowa mycelia ndi fruiting thupi la zimakhala zawo. M'munsi bowa zambiri parasitize zomera ngakhale nyama kapena anthu.

Chulukitsani nthumwi izi za ufumu kwachilengedwenso mungathe osati mikangano. Mwachilungamo njira wamba ndi nthambi ya zidutswa mycelium. Choncho kufalitsa mycelium Penicillium, mitundu pileate ndi zina zotero. D. Ngati inu kukumba mbali yaing'ono ya zimaswana ndi kusuntha kwa malo ena, ndi amphamvu kwambiri ndipo kukula mofulumira m'mikhalidwe yabwino. Yisiti mycelium popanda, kubereka budding. Ena mitundu ya bowa amatha ndi merging maselo mwamuna ndi mkazi kupanga zygote.

Species wamkulu munthu

Kumene, monga nthumwi zothandiza ufumu kwachilengedwenso nthawi ayipanga chongopeka. Makamaka wamkulu mitundu munthu shlyapochnye wa bowa ndi Penicillium. Mbali yoyamba, phindu chimafunika ndicho fruiting thupi, kumene mukhoza kukonza zakudya zokoma. Mitundu ambiri mwakula ndi munthu, ndi oyisitara bowa ndi champignon. Nthawi zina chilekano ndi bowa ena shlyapochnye.

The mycelium wa bowa mtundu Penicillium (nkhungu) wakula makamaka yopangira michere amene kenako chopangidwa kuchokera mankhwala. Ntchito penicillin mankhwala a matenda monga peritonitis, endocarditis, osteo Melita, gonokkoki etc. Open mankhwala anali mu 1928 Aleksandrom Flemingom.

Oyisitara bowa kukula paokha: yokonza zinthu

mtundu wina wa bowa mu kuswana kwa wodzichepetsa kwambiri. Kuti mudziwe mmene kukula, ndipo tidzayankhulana zina. Kuti bwino bowa yokolola oyisitara pa dziko lawo malo, muyenera kukonzekera zotsatirazi:

• Kwenikweni mycelium. "Kodi izo?" - inu tsopano si funso. Mycelium zikhoza kugulidwa mu mabungwe nawo kuswana ndi kugulitsa.
• akapunthwa angapo 35 - 55 masentimita yaitali ndi masentimita 20 m'mimba mwake. Inu simungakhoze kutenga zinthu mitengo coniferous. chakuti utomoni ali ngati mitengo, pa mycelium zimawononga kwenikweni. Bwino kutenga hemp kwa mitengo ya zipatso - peyala, apulo, etc.
• Humus nthaka ndi zidutswa manyowa.
• Polyethylene filimu.

Inunso muyenera nkhwangwa ndi hacksaw.

nthawi ya disembarkation

Anabzala oyisitara zambiri mu May. Pankhaniyi, mbewu yaikulu ipezeka pa August kapena September. Chaka chotsatira adzayamba kukula bowa pa stumps mokwanira, ndipo iwo akhoza amatengedwa m'chilimwe ndi yophukira. Komabe, zaka zitatu, "mabedi" mosakayikira kuchotsedwa ndi kukonzanso ayambe.

The ntchito yaikulu

Hemp pansi oyisitara ayenera pang'ono wawowo, koma si owola. Kuziika mu malo shaded ndi chinyezi mkulu. Mukhoza akukhamukira ku pansi pa mitengo, ngati, pa chitsime, etc.

Pre pamwamba lonse pamwamba pa stumps, ndi kuwapangitsa osaya mabala lalifupi mtanda. Zitatero, iwo adzakhala ngati "mphasa" kwa mycelium lapansi. Kenako stumps nakumba pansi kuti kukhala pa pamwamba pa 15-30 cm.

Kenako anapanga mabala Momasuka theka anapeza mycelium. Pa umodzi wa chitsa wake agwe pafupifupi 300 magalamu. Komanso iliyonse "mabedi" kukonza mizere yaing'ono mu nthaka. Iwo anayika otsala oyisitara mycelium (bowa chidzakula kuno) ndi kuphimba ndi nthaka lonyowa wothira humus. Iye akugona ndi hemp onse uthunthu wake. Pa chomaliza filimu polyethylene chivundikiro zoti wamng'ono "teplichku".

Mmenemonso wa stumps anachoka kwa masabata atatu. Mwamsanga pamene iwo adzakhala oyisitara choyamba, filimuyi akhoza kuchotsedwa. Madzi stumps mtengo kamodzi sabata.

Kodi kukula bowa?

Kuti ndi mycelium wa mitundu, inu mukudziwa - monga ena onse - mnogokletochuyu dongosolo nsalu. Pakuti ambiri matupi fruiting ayenera kuonetsetsa wake zinthu mulingo woyenera chitukuko. Kuchepetsa bowa kosungira ndi zipinda zapansi pa kutentha osati kuposa 15-16 c. Mu chipinda kumene kulima bowa zakonzedwa, mwa zina, dongosolo ogwira mpweya ziyenera kulinganizidwa. Muyeneranso kuonetsetsa anasiya dzuwa.

mukhoza kukula bowa ndi bwino pa malo ngati mukufuna. Pankhaniyi, kama lagawidwa kumpoto kwa nyumba kapena pansi pa mitengo. Mu nkhani iyi, ayenera kupatsidwa mpweya wabwino. Chifukwa kuswana Pankhaniyi, kutenga mycelium bowa lokwera. Atakula panja n'kofunika kupewa alinkugwa pansi ndi mycelium mpweya. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, kama yokutidwa ndi filimu.

Kotero, tsopano inu mudziwe mycelium wa bowa mtundu Penicillium, Mucor ndi pileate. osiyanasiyana mwina ndi dongosolo losiyana - osakhala ma kapena multicellular. Mycelium limakula mwamsanga ndipo ngati mukufuna pa malo, inu mukhoza kutenga yokolola wa bowa yomweyo kapena oyisitara.