Mu njira yopuma yopuma thupi lachilendo: chiyani choti muchite?

Munthu aliyense wamkulu ayenera kudziwa zofunikira zoyamba zothandizira anthu ovutika pazochitika zosiyanasiyana zovuta. Nkhani yophunzitsa imeneyi ngati chitetezo cha ntchito ya moyo imaphunzitsidwa kusukulu, kuyambira pa makalasi akuluakulu. Ndipo ngakhale mu sukulu ya sukulu yapamwamba ana amazindikira malamulo ofunika othandizira oyamba. Komabe, sizingakhale zodabwitsa kwa aliyense kuti atsitsimutse chidziwitso. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana momwe thupi linalake likuwonekera pamapepala opuma. Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani? Tidzakambirana za zizindikiro za matendawa, komanso njira yothandizira panthawi yomweyi.

Kodi thupi lachilendo lingaloŵe motani m'mapapo opuma?

Malingana ndi chiwerengero, nthawi zambiri malemba amalembedwa pamene thupi lachilendo likupezeka panjira pa mwana. Zizindikiro za dziko lino zingakhale zosiyana, zimadalira momwe chinthucho chatseketsa kutuluka kwa mpweya. Koma mulimonsemo, izi ndizoopsa kwambiri pa moyo ndi thanzi la mwana ndi wamkulu.

Choncho, ndikofunika kuti musasiye ana osapitirira zaka zitatu opanda kuyang'anira akulu - ana nthawi zambiri amayesa "kupeza", monga akunenera, pamlingo. Kuwonjezera apo, mano opweteka amathandizanso kuti ana adziwe zinthu zoyamba pakamwa pawo.

Kuwonjezera apo, makanda nthawi zambiri amathamanga, kuseka, kulankhula pamene akudya, zomwe zingathenso kutsogolera mwa kusasaka chidutswa cha chakudya. Ndondomeko yosasinthika ya ana osapitirira zaka zimenezo imangowonjezera mowonjezereka, kuwonjezereka kwambiri chiopsezo cha kuchepa.

Koma madokotala amakumana nthawi zonse pamene matupi achilendo amalowa mumtunda wa munthu wamkulu. Zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotere ndi izi:

• Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso;
• Kulankhulana, kuseka pamene mukudya;
• Zovuta za mano operewera;
  
• Kutembenuza mopanda pake kwa ma mano (mu mankhwala, matenda otupa ndi dzino lakuya, kuchotsedwa ndi korona, zida zosweka) amadziwika.

Kodi choopsa n'chiyani?

Mankhwala am'dziko lakumtunda kwa munthu wachikulire kapena mwana ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limafuna chithandizo chamankhwala chodzidzidzidwa . Ngakhale muzochita zamankhwala, zitsanzo zimadziwika pamene wodwalayo anapempha thandizo kuchokera kwa madokotala akudandaula za kupuma kovuta patapita miyezi ingapo atatenga chinthu chachilendo m'thupi. Koma nthawi zambiri nthawi yopereka chithandizo ndi kupulumutsa munthu amawerengedwa mu masekondi.

Nchiyani chimachitika mu thupi, ngati njira yopuma yopuma - thupi lachilendo? Mwatsoka, ziwerengero zamankhwala zimakhumudwitsa. Choncho, pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya zochitika zonsezi, chinthu chachilendo chimafikira bronchi, nthawi zambiri (pafupifupi 20 peresenti) - imayikidwa mu trachea ndipo 10 peresenti yokhalabe mumatope (tidzatha kuthamanga ndi kunena kuti pamapeto pake, thupi lachilendo limachotsedwa mosavuta ku mpweya Njira, ngakhale pali zosiyana pa lamulo ili).

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito anthu imagwira ntchito motere: Chinthucho chitangotha kupyola mu chink, imatuluka minofu. Choncho, ngakhale kulipira kwambiri, ndi kovuta kwambiri kuti munthu achotse thupi lachilendo. Njira yotetezera imeneyi imaphatikizapo vutoli ndipo imathandizira kuti chitukuko chikhale chokwanira.

Nchifukwa chiyani nthawi zina sizikuwopsa kwa moyo ndi thanzi la anthu, pamene ena ali, monga amatchedwa mankhwala, zoopsa? Ndi kovuta kuyankha funsoli mosadziwika - apa kuphatikizapo zochitika zosiyanasiyana ndikofunika. Kuphatikizapo:

• Zolinga za chinthu chopangidwa (kukula kwake, kapangidwe, kulemera, mawonekedwe, ndi zina zotero);
• Kuzama, kumene thupi lachilendo lingalowemo, malo ake okonzekera;
• Diameter ya lumen yotsalayo mumlengalenga - izi zimakhudza kuthekera kwa kusinthana kwa gasi.

Zinthu zoopsa kwambiri

Kodi ndi choopsa chanji ngati thupi linalake likulowa m'mapapo opumira? Kapangidwe ka chinthu chachilendo chimagwira ntchito yovuta. Choncho, zazikuluzikuluzo ndi zazikulu, ndizomwe zimakhala zotheka kuti malo otsekemera awonongeke. Koma zinthu zing'onozing'ono zingayambitse mavuto aakulu. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale zidutswa za nyama, soseji kapena mbatata zophika zingayambitse chiwopsezo chakumwa, ngati zimagwera muzitsulo zamagetsi.

Zinthu zopanda kanthu kapena zamtengo wapatali "sizingowonjezera" makoma a trachea, komanso zimavulaza, zomwe zimadzetsa mavuto aakulu.

Ma mtedza wopanda pangozi amangoona kuti ndi owopsa chifukwa, atatha kupuma, amatha kusakaniza kuchokera kumalo osiyanasiyana kupita kumalo ena, kuchititsa masewera osayembekezereka a kusowa kwa thupi (munthuyo sanadye kanthu mwadzidzidzi anayamba kugwedezeka, ndipo izi zikhoza kubwerezedwa kangapo mpaka Kuchotsa thupi lachilendo kuchoka ku tsamba lakupuma).

Koma zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawoneka kuti ndizoopsa kwambiri - zitsulo, pulasitiki kapena galasi (nthawi zambiri ana amadya zidole ndi zizindikiro izi, mwachitsanzo, mipira yochokera kumalo ochepa, omwe ali ochepa).

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zinthu zakutchire zakutchire zakutchire zimakhala zoopsa osati kokha kuti zitha kuthetsa kutulukira kwa oxygen, komanso mavuto ena:

• Iwo ali ndi phindu lophwanyaphwanya, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka mobwerezabwereza;
• Matupi oterewa chifukwa chokhala mu "kutentha" mkati mwa thupi akhoza kukula, kukula kwa kukula, motero pang'onopang'ono kumaipitsa mkhalidwe wa munthu;
• Zomera zowonjezera chifukwa cha njira zowonongeka zimayambitsa kupanga kutukusira pa tsamba lokonzekera.

Choncho, ngati pali thupi lachilendo m'mapapo opuma, ndiye kuti ngakhale zili bwino motani, ziyenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga, chifukwa zotsatira zake zikhoza kudzimva nthawi iliyonse.

Kuopsa kwa mkhalidwe umenewu ndi kuchitika mwadzidzidzi ndi kufulumira kwa matenda. Ndiye zotsatira za zodabwitsa ntchito - ndi munthu wotopetsedwa, ndipo anthu oyandikana nawo angangokhala osokonezeka ndi kuyamba mantha. Mwamwayi, zoterezi zikachitika pazidzidzidzi zingayambitse zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni. Choncho, nkofunika kukumbukira njira yokha yopereka chithandizo chamankhwala pazochitika zoterozo, komanso khalani okonzeka kupereka maganizo othandizira pa nthawi yoyenera.

Ndikofunika kwambiri kuchitapo kanthu moyenera pamene thupi lachilendo likukhala panjira mu mwana. Zizindikiro zikhoza kukhala zosiyana, choncho nkofunika kuzizindikira m'kupita kwa nthawi ndikuyamba kumuthandiza mwana, chifukwa apa nthawi yowerengera ikupita kwa masekondi.

Pofuna kuchepetsa mikhalidwe yotereyi, m'pofunika kutsata njira zothandizira, zomwe zimafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu gawo loyenera la nkhaniyi.

Pofuna kuthandiza munthu amene akuvutika chifukwa cholowa mkati, ndi kofunika kwambiri kuti "muzindikire" zizindikiro za chikhalidwe choterocho. Kodi zizindikiro za thupi lachilendo pamtunda? Werengani nkhaniyi pansipa.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimasonyeza kuti thupi lachilendo limatuluka m'matumbo

Kodi munthu angamvetse bwanji kuti munthu akudwala chifukwa chakuti ali ndi thupi lachilendo m'matumbo opuma? Zizindikiro za dziko lino ndi zosiyana ndi zimadalira kapangidwe kawo, kukula kwa chinthu, komanso malo omwe adakonzedweratu.

Choncho, chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimachepetsa mpweya wa oxygen, chimapangitsa chifuwa chakuthwa, munthu amatha kugwira manja ake kumbuyo kwake, patapita mphindi pang'ono, kutaya chidziwitso, kupukuta nkhope, ndiyeno khungu limatuluka.

Ngati, mu njira yopuma, thupi lachilendo likukhazikitsidwa m'njira yoti pangakhale mpata wochepa wosinthanitsa ndi magetsi, zizindikiro za dziko lino ndi izi:

• Chifuwa chodetsa nkhawa, nthawi zambiri chimatsagana ndi kusanza kapena hemoptysis;
• Kupunduka kwa nyimbo ya kudzoza-kutuluka;
• Salivation yowonjezereka;
• Kuwoneka kwa misozi;
• Kugonjetsedwa kwa kanthaŵi kochepa kwakumangirira kupuma.

Mkhalidwe wotere ukhoza kutha kwa theka la ora - ndi nthawi ino kuti ntchito zotetezera za thupi zatha.

Ngati zinthu zing'onozing'ono zowonongeka zimangoyenda pamtunda, pangakhale kusakhala kwathunthu kwa zizindikilo zoterezi kwa nthawi yochepa (malingana ndi kumene chinthucho chinakhazikitsidwa, kaya chiri cholengedwa kapena chokhalapo, thupi lachilendo). Koma, mwatsoka, ngati simutenga kanthu kalikonse kuchotsa chinthu chachilendo kuchokera ku thupi laumunthu, "sichidzathetsa" palokha, koma chidzabweretsa mavuto aakulu. Patapita nthawi, wogwidwayo adzakhala ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana pakumapuma, monga dyspnea, mawu osokonezeka, ndi ena. Mukamamvetsera stethoscope, mudzamva phokoso kumalo okonzekera thupi lachilendo.

Kodi ndithandizire ndekha?

Kodi n'zotheka kupereka chithandizo choyamba kwa thupi lachilendo la kapumidwe? N'zotheka. Koma pano ndikofunika kusunga kudziletsa ndikulephera kuchita mantha. Popeza pali nthawi yochepa kwambiri, choyamba muyenera kutontholetsa ndipo musapume mpweya (izi zidzangowonjezera vutoli, chifukwa mpweya umangosunthira phunzirolo mozama).

Kukonzekera kwa zochitika pazidzidzidzi zoterezi ndi izi:

1. Osasinthasintha, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, wodzaza chifuwa ndi mpweya. Kenaka tuluka mofulumira, kuyesera kukankhira chinthu pammero.
2. Njira inanso yomwe mungadzipulumutsire kuchotsa thupi lachilendo kuchokera kumtunda wa ndege - panthawi yopuma yothamanga, yesani pamimba kumtunda kapena kumbuyo kwa sofa.

Njira yoperekera chithandizo chamankhwala chisanayambe pamene thupi lachilendo limaloŵa m'malo opuma

Kodi matupi achilendo amapezeka mumlengalenga? Thandizo loyambirira mu izi liyenera kuperekedwa motere:

1. Nthawi yomweyo pitani gulu la madokotala.
2. Asanafike madokotala, chithandizo choyamba chiyenera kuperekedwa, malinga ndi njira yomwe yafotokozedwa pansipa.

Mungathe kuchotsa thupi lachilendo m'njira ziwiri:

1. Kuweramitsa munthu wovulala kumbuyo kwa mpando wapamwamba, mpando kapena chifuwa cha munthu amene amathandiza. Kenaka mutsegule mgwalangwa mwamphamvu pakati pa tsamba 4-5. Ngati wogwidwayo ataya chidziwitso, ayenera kuikidwa pambali pake ndikugunda kumbuyo. Njira imeneyi imatchulidwa mu mabuku a zachipatala ndi njira ya Mofenson.

2. Njira ina ndi yotsatira: ndikofunika kukhala kumbuyo kwa kugwedeza, kugwirana manja pansi pa nthiti ndikupanga zojambula zowongoka kuchokera pansipa. Iyi ndi njira yotchedwa Heimlich.

Ngati njira zomwe zili pamwambazi sizinapangitse zotsatira, ndipo vuto la wogwidwayo likukulirakulira, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotereyi: perekani wodwala pansi, ndikuyika khosi pansi pa khosi kuti mutu ukhale pansi. Zimayenera kukonzekera chophimba, chovala kapena chinachake chonga icho. Kenaka muyenera kutsegula pakamwa kwa wozunzidwayo. Pogwiritsira ntchito mfundoyi, muyenera kugwira lilime la munthu ndi kulikokera pansi - mwina, kotero thupi lachilendo likuonekera, ndipo mukhoza kulikoka ndi zala zanu. Komabe, sikovomerezeka kuchita zinthu zotero kwa munthu wongokhala, popeza njirayi imafuna luso lapadera. Ndipo ndi chithandizo chosayenera, mukhoza kuwononga olakwira.

Zizindikiro za zofuna za thupi kunja kwa ana

Anthu akuluakulu amatha kumvetsa molondola ndi kusonyeza momwe amachitira pochitika zoterezo. Koma nthawi zina ana amaiŵala kuti mwadzidzidzi anagwedeza gudumu ku galimoto yamatope kapena mbali ya wopanga. Ngati chilakolako cha chinthu chachikulu chomwe chatseketsa kudya kwa mpweya, zizindikirozo zidzakhala zofanana ndi zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa: kutsokomola, kusanza, kubwezera nkhope, ndiyeno cyanosis khungu.

Koma ngati thupi lachilendo lilowa mkati mwathunthu, zizindikiro za boma likhoza kukhala palibe. Kuti mudziwe kukhalapo kwazinthu zakunja pang'onopang'ono, muyenera kumufunsa kuti akambirane ndi munthu wamkulu. Ngati mwana akulankhula mawu ake movutikira, amamva kulira maliro kapena "kukwapula" kumveka, mwanayo ali ndi timbo kapena mawu - mwana amafunikira thandizo lachipatala mwamsanga.

Mitundu yachilendo ya katemera wa ana: chithandizo choyamba

Njira yothandizira ana yoyamba imasiyana ndi "maonekedwe akuluakulu." Izi zimachokera ku maonekedwe a thupi la thupi lokula. Momwe mungathandizire mwanayo, ngati pali kukayikira kwa matenda oterowo, ngati matupi achilendo a pamtunda wakupuma? Thandizo loyambirira pa izi ndi izi:

1. Ngati mwanayo ndi osachepera chaka, ndiye kuti ayenera kuikidwa pamphuno mwakuti munthu wamkulu akhoza kugwira chigamba cha zala zake. Mutu wa mwanayo uyenera kukhala pansi. Ngati mwanayo ali wamkulu kuposa zaka zenizeni - iye wagwada.
2. Kenaka muyenera kugogoda 4-5 ndi manja anu otseguka pakati pa mapewa a mwana. Mwana wamng'ono, wofooka kwambiri.
3. Ngati njira yosonyezedwayo isapereke zotsatira, m'pofunika kuyika zinyenyeswazi kumbuyo ndi kutulutsa zivomezi zomwe zimatchedwa subdiaphragmal. Pachifukwa ichi, zala ziwiri (ngati mwanayo ali osakwana chaka chimodzi) kapena nkhonya (kwa ana patsiku) ayenera kuikidwa pamimba pamtunda pamwamba pake ndikuyendetsa mkati mozama.
4. Ngati palibe chithandizo cha mthupi la wodwala wamng'ono, muyenera kuyamba kubwezeretsanso (kupuma) asanabwere "thandizo loyamba".

Njira zothandizira kuchotsa thupi lachilendo ku airways la munthu

Kodi mungatani ngati mutachotsa thupi lachilendo pamtunduwu? Ndiye, mwinamwake, mungafunikire kuchitapo opaleshoni. Kuti mudziwe mtundu wa opaleshoni umene ukufunikira pa nthawi inayake, akatswiri amapanga maphunziro ngati matenda owonetsetsa odwala ndi a fluoroscopy. Malingana ndi zotsatira, adokotala akhoza kulemba zotsatirazi:

1. Laryngoscopy. Ndi njirayi, osati kungodziwa kukhalapo kwa thupi linalake mumatope, trachea ndi zingwe zamtundu, komanso kuchotsani.
2. Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa tracheobronchoscopy pogwiritsa ntchito forceps. Njirayi ikuphatikizapo kufotokoza kudzera m'kamwa mwa endoscope, kudzera mu chipangizo chapadera chomwe chingathe kuchotsa thupi lachilendo.
3. Tracheotomy ndi opanga opaleshoni ya kutsegula kunja kwa trachea.

Njira zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa ndizoopsa kuti chitukuko chikhale chonchi panthawi yomwe akuchita komanso pa nthawi yopuma.

Njira zothandizira

The matenda a "matupi achilendo pa mundawo chapamwamba kupuma" - woopsa kwambiri ndipo amafuna chithandizo mwadzidzidzi. Pofuna kuchepetsa mosavuta amenewa ndi zochitika mwadzidzidzi ayenera kutsatira malangizo ena akuti:

• Akamadya simuyenera kulankhula, sapota, kuonera TV. Ana ayenera kuphunzitsidwa khalidwe loyenera ngati tebulo.
• Kodi moŵa.
• Mwamsanga pitani kuchipatala pamaso pa M'mimbamo m'kamwa (kuphatikizapo mano).
• Kusunga zinthu zikanavulaza patali ana.

M'nkhani ayamikira izi zimene mungachite kuchotsa matupi zakunja Airways. Choyamba thandizo onse akuluakulu ndi mwana ayenera kuperekedwa posachedwapa, akukuvutitsani, madokotala ankayembekezera kufika alibe nthawi. Choncho, mfundo zimene ziri mu nkhani ino, ingakhale yofunika ndi zofunika kwa aliyense.