Mtundu wa Trophic - gawo la chakudya

Pofufuza zamoyo zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana, akatswiri asayansi anazindikira kuti zamoyo zonsezi zimamangidwa m'zinthu zamakudya. Ndipo maunyolo otere m'zinthu zonse zamoyozi akhoza kutengera zambiri. Malinga ndi iwo, chinthu chomwe chimachokera ku mphamvu, komanso nyumba, chimachokera ku chiwalo chimodzi kupita ku china. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, thupi limodzi limadya lina, ndipo limadyedwa ndi lachitatu. Pano pali chitsanzo chophweka cha unyolo wotere: udzu - ng'ombe - munthu.

Ndipo maunyolo onsewa sakhala osungulumwa kwa wina ndi mzake - onsewo amagwirizana kukhala mu intaneti imodzi. Ubale umene uli mu ukonde uwu ndi wovuta kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, nyama zinyama zimadyetsa mitundu yambiri ya zomera. Ndipo nyama zowonongeka sizowonongeka pakusankha nyama ya zakudya zawo. Koma, ngakhale kuti pali zakudya zambiri zoterezi ndipo zonsezi ndizosiyana - zikhoza kulowa mu dongosolo limodzi. Ndipo ndondomekoyi ikuwoneka ngati izi: zomera zobiriwira - ogula apamtima - ogulitsa apamwamba - ogulitsa apamwamba - obereketsa. Ndipo okonzanso nthawi zonse amaima kumapeto kwa chakudya, ndipo pangakhale ogwiritsa ntchito mmenemo. Zogwirizana zonsezi zimatchedwa trophic levels.

Izi ndizo, kuchokera ku sayansi yowona, trophic level ndi gulu lonse la zamoyo zomwe zimapezeka pamalo enaake mu intaneti. Ndipo mu zachilengedwe, simungathe kuwerengera zoposa 3-4 m'magulu awa. Choyamba, trophic level ndi zomera. Kuchokera kwa iwo onse mitsempha ya chakudya imayambira . Mtundu wachiwiri wa trophic umakhala ndi tizilombo ta phytophagous, ndiko kuti, herbivorous. Amenewa ndiwo ogula zakudya zoyambirira ndikudya zomera zokha.

Gawo lachitatu la trophic likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogula ntchito yachiwiri. Iwo ndi nyama zodya nyama zomwe zimadya kokha pa zitsamba zake. Pano pangakhale eurifagi, ndiko kuti, omnivores. Amatha kudya zakudya zonse zamasamba ndi zinyama. Izi zimaphatikizapo nkhumba, nkhandwe, makoswe, ntchentche ndi zina zotero. Munthu ndibadwa mwachibadwa. Komanso pamsinkhu uwu, pakhoza kukhala ogulira malonda atatu - odyetsa otere omwe amadyetsa nyama zodyera zokha.

Ndipo kotsiriza trophic mlingo kawirikawiri amagwidwa ndi owonongeka, ndiko kuti, zamoyo zam'mimba. Amawononga, amawononga minda komanso amawononga zamoyo. Pambuyo pa "ntchito" yawo, zimapezeka. Ndipo otayika, nawonso, agawanika m'magulu awiri. Izi ndi zowonongeka - nyama zomwe zimadyetsa mwachindunji zamoyo zokhala ndi zamoyo zakufa. Izi zimaphatikizapo miyendo, mimbulu, mimbulu, nyanga, nkhwangwa ndi zina "zotupa".

Ndiponso kwa otayika ndi owononga. Iwo atha kale kuwononga "zakufa" zakufa mu mankhwala osakaniza. Mwachidule, iwo amathandizira njira zowonongeka ndi kuwonongeka. Izi zimaphatikizapo mabakiteriya ndi bowa. Ndipo maunyolo onsewa akukonzedwa kuti opanga, ogula ndi owonongeka kupyolera mwa iwo ogwirizana kwambiri. Amathandizira kukhulupirika ndi maonekedwe a biocenoses, pamene akuyendetsa kutuluka kwa nkhani ndi mphamvu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chiziyenda bwino.

Zojambulajambula, zochitika zoterezi za chilengedwe zimatha kufotokozedwa ngati piramidi ya mphamvu ikuyenda. Maziko ake ndi opanga kapena 1 trophic level. Ndipo magulu onse omwe akutsatira ali pansi ndi pamwamba pa piramidiyi. Ndipo kupyolera mwazigawo zonsezi pali kutaya kwa mphamvu. Pachifukwa ichi, mphamvu yomwe imachokera mu msinkhu umodzi ndiyo mphamvu yowonjezera yotsatira. Ndipo chifukwa chachikulu cha chiwerengero chochepa cha trophic m'zinthu zonse zakuthambo ndikuti gawo lalikulu la mphamvu panthawi imeneyi amasintha. Pano lamuloli ndi 10%, ndipo malingana ndi ilo mphamvu zokha zogwiritsira ntchito zimatumizidwa ku mlingo wotsatira. Ndipo 10% ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba. M'zinthu zina, zogwira ntchitozi ndizoperesenti imodzi yokha.