Mtengo mtengo wa mafuta Russian. Kapangidwe ka mitengo mafuta Russian

Motsutsa likhale momwe zinthu zikusinthira azachuma, kukwera mtengo kwa Russian zinthu mafuta akatswiri komanso anthu wamba. Russia limabweretsa gulu la maiko ndi mtundu yaiwisi a zachuma, ndiponso umoyo mwachindunji ndi mtengo wa golide wakuda mu msika lonse. Mosapita m'mbali kuyankha mafunso okhudza mtengo wa mafuta Russian, ndi mabvuto chifukwa mawuwa amanena za gulu la Mipikisano ofunika. Complicating vuto la ndalama yaikulu zopangidwa, mitundu ndi mitundu ya zipangizo, amene ali osokonezeka mu chiŵerengero yeniyeni kupeza mafuta (Urals), kwambiri ankagulitsa msika lonse. Palinso gulu la zipangizo, amene si ntchito kapena zimagulitsidwa ndi ntchito yokhayo makampani mankhwala a.

Kodi kukhala ndalama mafuta aphatikizidwa mtengo wake?

Mtengo mtengo wa makampani Russian mafuta kumafuna ndalama. Izi ndi ndalama za kuwuka kwa madzimadzi bwino pansi pakamwa pa woyendetsa za mtengo wa madzi, umene mu mgodi thandizo kuthamanga, ndalama kwa magetsi consumables. N'zosatheka kunyalanyaza, ndipo malipiro ndi malipilo. Nkhaniyi anajambulitsa depreciation mtengo wa zida kuti ntchito m'zigawo za zipangizo. Tiyeni kulabadira kuwerengetsera chakuti m'zigawo za zipangizo, osati zitsime zonse pa chinthu zosungidwazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ndondomekoyi. Ena a iwo akhoza anakonza. Kuvuta n'chakuti otaya ndalama zida panyengo zosiyanasiyana za utumiki (tsiku, mwezi, chaka, etc.) Tiyeni kusiyana kwambiri, umene chimakhudza mitengo ya zinthu. Kuti khamu la zinthu zimene kuumba mtengo chomaliza cha golide wakuda, kumapangitsa amaonera mfundo mtengo monga mfundo mwangwiro cholinga ndi zolakwika kwambiri.

Mphamvu dongosolo mafuta mtengo

The mtengo yaikulu ya mafuta Russian, ngati si kuganizira misonkho nkhani msonkho mchere m'zigawo, mu nthawi ya 2005 ndi 2014 katatu kuchokera 1000 kuti rubles 3000. Koma wolowa mtengo nayenso wauka. Poyamba, iye chofanana 600 rubles, ndipo pakali pano 1,800 rubles. Malinga ndi azimuth a kwambiri kowonjezeka ANAKUMANA yokha, womwe ndi chinyezimiro cha mtengo mafuta, ndi monga chinyezimiro cha dola. Pankhani ya mtengo woikidwiratu yopanga zipangizo ndalama, mu nthawi anafotokoza (2005-2014 gg.) Kodi inunso kuchuluka. Ngati kale akatswiri ayesedwa cholinga mbiya $ 5, koma lero mtengo wake si kugwa m'munsimu madola 14. A kuwonjezeka kwambiri mu ntchito chifukwa chakuti zisakuyenda mu mtengo wa golide wakuda adayamba monga ndalama pa kufufuza a madipoziti latsopano ndi ndalama okwana gawo lapansi. Russian zitsime zamafuta kufukulidwa masiku a Soviet Union, zambiri wotopa, ndi kupeza madipoziti latsopano mchere kuti si wotchipa. Mogwirizana makampani zitsulo zikugwira ntchito ndalama.

Kodi m'gulu la mtengo wa mafuta pa chitsanzo cha kampani "Rosneft"

Concise kuphunzira dongosolo mafuta mtengo zochokera ntchito ya "Rosneft" kampani, ozikidwa pa kufufuza nkhani ogwira ntchito kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuloledwa kunyamula zinthu zingapo kuwerengetsera. Choncho, ife tinapeza kuti mtengo wa zipangizo ndi 55-57% imakhala yosiyanasiyana msonkho komanso zolipira kuti kampani amalipira boma. Izi zikusonyeza kuti ambiri a ndalama uliwonse anagulitsa mbiya ya mafuta amapita kwa malipiro a msonkho severance pa ntchito miyambo msonkho, kuphatikiza zopereka wapadera kwa antchito (msonkho munthu ndi inshuwalansi chikhalidwe).

Mwatsatanetsatane kuchuluka mitengo zinthu

Taganizirani ali ndi phindu pa malonda a mafuta kampani "Rosneft":

• 10% wa mtengo kuphimba ndalama za chitukuko ndi kufufuza madera atsopano, kuthera pa zomera ndi zida unsembe, kupeza ogula ndi kusaina zimenezi, oyendetsa chitetezo mu ntchito;
• 8.4% ya mitengo zopangira kuphimba yoperekera kwa ogula kaya mapeto-owerenga kapena ayi;
• 7.6% - cushioning ichi ndi kuvala zinthu mtundu wodalirika (ndi nyumba, mapaipi mafuta ndi zida, neri Al.);
• 8,6% - ichi ndi malipiro a wothandiza makampani misonkhano, makamaka, zida kukonza kapena reprocessing.

Pa zikugwira ntchito ndalama nkhani kwa% 13,2 yekha. Ndipo chifukwa masamu chidwi ndalama ukonde ndipo zopeza asanachotse zochitika sanali opaleshoni. wotsala a pansi kuwukonza mphamvu kusinthitsa ndalama ndi misonkho. Ziribe kanthu zimene mtengo wa kampani Russian mafuta "Rosneft" amalandira% 9 okha pa mtengo, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa pa dziko msika.

Mafuta "Rosneft" kampani ndalama US

Akatswiri amene anayesa kuwerengera pafupifupi mtengo wa mafuta kupanga Russian, monga tanenera kale, anaphunzira kampani "Rosneft". Iwo adapeza kuti kampani ukugawa ndalama zonse m'magulu atatu. Ali:

• kupanga ndi opaleshoni ndalama ;
• ambiri ndi utsogoleri;
• ndalama zokhudzana ndi kufufuza za mafuta ndi gasi nkhokwe.

Malipoti akuti ndalama mkati mwa kumalo a ntchito amapanga 17,5% ya revenues kampaniyo. ndalama kunja - ndi zina 17% mwa phindu pa. Choncho, kupanga mafuta ndi makampani ake yobereka mtengo kuchuluka kwa zosaposa 35 madola, koma amaperekedwa kuti mtengo wa mafuta pa msika limafanana ndi madola 100. Ngati inu kutsindikiza konza mtengo ndi kuchepetsa kutsanzira posts ndi kuchepetsa malipiro ndi mabonasi, komanso vuto la kuchuluka kwa nthawi depreciation zipangizo zamakono likukhalira kulowa mtengo mtengo wa madola 25-27. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti pamene dola likutuluka, mafuta akutsikira mu mtengo, koma sanataye makampani mafuta ndi boma, lomwe alandira msonkho kwa mkombelo wathunthu wa malonda mankhwala mafuta owonjezera mtengo wa mafuta.

ndi mitengo mu dziko msika amatha kupirira Russian mafuta makampani chiyani?

Mafuta ndi Russian chuma ndi mwamphamvu zogwirizana ndi omvetsa chisoni kuchepa mtengo wa zipangizo, pa Koyamba, kuti kuwopseza makampani ambiri m'banja. Malinga ndi mfundo kuchokera ku magwero boma pa malonda holide pa msika mafuta dziko (January 7, 2015) WITI chizindikiro malonda pa mtendere Mipikisano chaka, pa 47.33 dola. North Sea Brent mafuta akugwa pansi pa chandamale cha madola 50,77. Akatswiri kuphunzira kugulitsa misika zinthu monga zipangizo ndi mafuta, Mapa zokolola zabwino kwambiri, kusonyeza kuti makampani mafuta adzakhala ndi moyo mu 2015 ndi pafupifupi palibe mavuto. Malinga ndi mawunikidwe bungwe Regnum, kutulukira ngakhale mfundo pafupifupi makampani onse m'banja mafuta pa mlingo wa $ 30. mafuta youma, popanda ndalama m'munsili, kugulitsidwa kampani pa pakati $ 4 $ 8. Ngakhale zopereka ndi makampani mafuta pafupifupi 70% ya phindu kwa chuma cha boma, makampani ndi lalikulu zokwanira kusunga mphamvu. The Russian Utumiki wa Mphamvu akufuna kukhala mlingo wa ulimi wa mafuta mkati matani mamiliyoni 525, ngakhale ziletso ndi lolimba ku West ndipo ngati mwayi zochepa ngongole, ndi umisiri wotsogola pa chitukuko cha zopangira pa shelufu.

The profitability kupanga mafuta mu Russia

The profitability wa mafuta kupanga mu Russia si mkulu, ndi, monga ife tinapeza, makampani tipirire katundu mu kugwa mu mtengo kwa mafuta kwa $ 30. Today malonda Urals mtundu uli pa mlingo wa madola 61,77. Kugwa zidzalondolera yekha pa boma bajeti ya dziko. Ngati kampani ntchito "kuti ziro", iwo sangathe kulipira kwa chuma cha boma, ndi kutsekedwa lathunthu la nthambi "mphotho" boma la osachepera mamiliyoni asanu ulova. Masiku ano, makampani mafuta chifukwa mmene chuma chikuyendera m'dzikolo ndipo chifukwa chakuti dola ikukula, kuyesera kuchotsa mafuta pa mtengo osachepera. Iwo kusiya ndalama ku makampani awo, ndalama kusiya pomwe, kuletsa kufufuza za miyala ndi pazipita kutalikitsa zida depreciation. The Mapa akulonjeza kukwera mtengo kwa mafuta posachedwapa, zikamera wa ndalama zochuluka ndi malipilo yochepa oletsedwa zinthu za ndalama. Ngati zotchipa mu msika mafuta udzachitike nthawi yayitali mavuto kuti tigwire osati mwa makampani mafuta, komanso kuti zikhale ngati zimenezi. Ngakhale mafuta kwambiri mu Russia, m'pofunika kukhala munda, monga kale anayamba ntchito ali zatha nthawi. makampani akanatha kulimbana ndi kugwa, ngati kuchuluka zovuta mafuta kwambiri. Lero ndi 70% wa makope onse. Chifukwa cha mtengo wa zipangizo zingawonjezere, amene adzachita ntchito mafakitale ndi pafupifupi opanda pake.

Tengani yekha zotsala

Ngakhale kuti yogwira Russian minda mafuta kupereka mtengo wotsika wa otsiriza, musaiwale za chakuti katundu zotsala yekha, voliyumu ya mafuta kuti akhoza kudyedwa boma. Ngakhale kuchepetsa voliyumu ya ulimi kwa katundu palibe kutumiza. Pali kuthekera kuti Russia mwamsanga kachiwiri wachinsinsi kuchokera amagulitsa kwa importer ndi. Chifukwa, mafuta Russian kwa rubles lidzakhala lilipo okha m'dzikoli, ndipo mtengo wa mafuta adzakhala anaika ndi boma lokha, popanda kuika mtima pa misika padziko lonse. N'chimodzimodzinso - mu China, omwe, pokhala dziko chachinayi mu mawu kupanga mafuta a dziko amakakamizidwa kugula mafuta. zinthu chasanduka mu 2004. Indonesia, mpaka posachedwapa membala wakale OPEC, tsopano mwachangu kugula zipangizo. Tchulani akhale ndi Romania, zomwe mpaka posachedwapa zinkabweretsa golide wakuda ku Europe ndi imene tsopano yokha akugula mafuta Kazakhstan ndi Russia.

The vuto pa zoweta msika mafuta

Popeza anachitira funso mmene ndalama mafuta Russian, m'pofunika kupanga mthunzi mbali ya kapangidwe ka msika zoweta. Malinga ndi ziwerengero kuyambirira ndi zowombetsa mkota, pa 60 ndi 80% pamsika m'dera la ntchito oilfield ntchito m'magulu anayi kumadzulo. Iwo Schlumberger ndi Baker Hughes, Weatherford ndi Halliburton, yotsirizira tsopano ndi mayamwidwe yogwira Baker Hughes. Ntchito za makampani ndi mosamalitsa malamulo ndi ziletso zoyikidwa ndi America pa Russia. Pali mosavuta mkulu kuti makampani nawo chitukuko cha mafakitale Russian palimodzi anasiya, koma chitsimikizo cha boma cha mfundo imeneyi si. Russian mafuta makampani kwambiri kwambiri amadalira pa katundu. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito pa alumali Arctic, popanda nawo madokotala ku United States ndi zida zawo sangathe. About 30% buku okwana mafuta mu dziko amaperekedwa ndi frekinga. Pobowola anawasiya ndi zitsime yopingasa, zina zamakono geophysical kafukufuku ndi zomwe zilipo, zagwiridwa ndi akatswiri yachilendo mothandizidwa ndi mabungwe awo osiyana. Kuchotsa mgwirizano ndi United States akulonjeza imfa kwambiri mabuku a mafuta ndiponso kuchuluka lakuthwa mu mtengo wake. Kumene, izi ziri chimodzi mwa zochitika ayenera ziphunzitso, zomwe zikhonza kuvomereza kapena kuvomereza monga choonadi.

N'chifukwa chiyani mtengo wa mafuta Russian achuluke?

Pa mtengo wa mafuta zimakhudza zinthu zambiri, kuyambira mtengo wa zida mafuta yotulutsa kwa mtengo chitukuko cha madipoziti latsopano mchere. Akatswiri mwadongosolo anafufuza zinthu zokhudza mtengo wa gwero monga mafuta, Mapa zokolola si zolimbikitsa kwambiri. makampani mafuta kuti anakumana ndi mavuto kupanga mpweya, monga chitukuko cha madera atsopano amafuna ndalama kwambiri. Malinga ndi unduna wa Natural Resources, ilidi nyengo za chuma olimbika ataima, mlingo wawo ndi kale pa 70%. Kutopa wa nkhokwe mafuta mu minda ya makolo mu yochepa zingachititse kuyamikira kwambiri ya mtengo wa gwero la. Ntchito zokhudzana ndi chitukuko cha minda mafuta kutali, zinapangidwa landfills apadera mu Region Tomsk, Khanty-Mansiysk District, Tatarstan. Atsogoleri ambiri a makampani mafuta ndi lolunjika pa mfundo yakuti mu zaka zapitazi khalidwe la mafuta Russian chatsitsa. Pali kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zatsopano kudula zina za mafuta. Ngakhale chilakolako Russia kuti aganyali gawo ndi kuwongolera mafuta opangidwa, ntchito zonse adakali ntchito ndi makampani zoweta kupitiriza ntchito zinthu zomwe zilipo. Okha monga kampani si panopa ndi zinthu zilipo kuti aganyali mu wamakono kupanga ndi zipangizo kuchokera kusefera zosafunika kuti kuchepetsa ndalama zake pa msika kusintha khalidwe. makampani ndi boma malo amodzi ndi makampani mafuta anali kuyembekezera kuwuka mu mtengo wa golide wakuda.