A mbiya ya mafuta. Kodi mbiya?

A nthawi yaitali kwambiri anafunika anthu kuti kupeza maluso amene anatha kunyamula wololera ndipo patsogolo ndi anthu. Lophunzira ndondomeko ya moto, kupanga zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, atayamba gudumu ndi popezera mpata, ndi kuweta ziweto, kulima mbewu ulimi - apa ndi masitepe woyamba wa munthu panjira patsogolo. Ngati kale ndondomeko Kutulukira ndi oyamba a zaluso mu moyo wawo wa tsiku ndi tsiku anatenga ambiri kapena mazana a zaka, lero ndi nkhani ya masiku angapo.

Moto kalekale ntchito ndi anthu tsiku ndi tsiku monga chinthu kukongoletsa. Kusaka mwa njira yodalirika chakudya wakhala njira zosangalatsa zikuwonjezereka masiku ano. ataliatali chiyani kuwopsyeza aliyense. Cars, sitima ndi ndege kupanga ndondomeko yosangalatsa ndi omasuka kuyenda. Ocean kuya ndi zinsinsi za chilengedwe ndi - zonse umamumvera munthu. Forward ndi patsogolo yekha kudziko lachilendo pasadakhale! Izi ndi Mwambi chachikulu cha nthawi yathu zokwawa moyo patsogolo ndi liwiro misala.

injini ikuyendera

chuma ndicho zachilengedwe anapatsidwa udindo waukulu ku chitukuko cha anthu. ntchito zonse za mayiko padziko lonse umalimbana kuonetsetsa zochita zawo ndi chilengedwe cha malo chofunika chuma. Dziko yamakono kalekale za nkhondo, chifukwa inayamba amene anali akazi, makhalidwe abwino ndi amene amazindikira udindo. Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu akufa osati zolinga mkulu, ndi zitsulo ndiponso zinthu zina zakuthupi.

Mwa kuchuluka yaikulu zina zimene akhala kuŵetedwa ndi anthu, mafuta akuchita udindo waukulu. "Black Gold" - ili ndi dzina kuti amasonyeza tanthauzo lenileni la thunthu mu dziko masiku ano. TV tsiku kuwauza wokhala losavuta mawu ndi mitengo pa dziko msika mafuta payokha kusonyeza kufunika amafotokozera ndi monga mbiya ya mafuta. Mtengo mfundo ichi zimatengera zinthu zambiri: mtendere wa zachuma, umoyo ndi bajeti ya limati munthu ndi, monga chotsatira - tsogolo la anthu ambirimbiri wamba amene sakudziwa nkomwe kodi chinsinsi cha moyo wawo nthawi zonse. ndi chiyani mfundo ndi? Kodi izi mbiya yapadera? Tiyeni tikambirane zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane.

mwachidule

Mbiya - unit wa muyeso wa mafuta. Mfundo imeneyi anabadwa mu England. Kuyambira English mbiya anawamasulira mbiya. Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa, popeza masiku oyambirira a makampani mafuta chifukwa chosowa mathanki wapadera ndi mathanki yonyamula katundu wa ntchito imeneyi ndi kupanga nazo mbiya, amene poyamba anafuna kuti ophimba a hering'i. Mu lonse chuma mbiya ntchito ponse ndipo ndi muyeso.

Popeza mfundo zakale, aliyense akhoza kubwera m'maganizo funso chachilengedwe: "A mbiya ya mafuta - izi ndi zingati?" Kufunika mayunitsi ndi ntchito kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mtundu uwu wa madipoziti mchere, ndi 42 malita.

Khalidwe kachulukidwe wa mbiya

Malingaliro a "Mosungira" ndi "Agal" m'mayiko omwe sanali chinkafunika (English) dongosolo muyeso, monga America, Britain, ndi zina zotero. D. kumvetsa mosamala kuchuluka kwa mawu awa m'posavuta mu mawonekedwe mwachizolowezi kwa ife. Mwachitsanzo, US galoni liri malita 3,785, ndi English - 4.546 malita. Kuchokera pa mawu awa osachepera, phindu okwana mbiya ya mafuta zingadziŵike mosavuta.

Ngati simunapempherepo anauzira njira masamu a Kuwonjezera ndi kuchulukitsa nthawi zonse anachititsa yekha mtima, koma ndi funso "Kodi malita ambiri mu mbiya ya mafuta?" Akadali zogwirizana, ndiye musataye mtima. Yankho ndi wosavuta. Voliyumu ya mbiya ya mafuta mu mawu a bwino kuti ife dongosolo muyeso ndi 158,988 malita.

Zitsanzo zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti mbiya ndi gulu la muyeso wa buku ndipo ali ndi makhalidwe onse okhudzidwa.

Kodi migolo ambiri pa tonne wa mafuta

Mu Russia ndi mayiko CIS kuyeza "golide wakuda" kwa njira zonse malonda amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "tani". Mogwirizana ndi funso ili: "A mbiya ya mafuta - mu matani ndi angati" - zambiri zokwanira chidwi anthu. Munthu amene akufuna kulandira zambiri pa nkhani imeneyi akhoza kudabwa kwambiri. Pambuyo mwachizolowezi, pa Koyamba, mafunso ena ndi losavuta alibe yankho. The ndondomeko migolo kutembenuka pa tani, ndi kuti n'zosiyana m'mayiko osiyanasiyana zosiyana. ndi chifukwa cha kusagwirizanako chiyani? Kodi zimakhudza mtengo wa zotsatirapo zake?

The kudalira kuchuluka kwa mafuta kachulukidwe ake

Kuthetsa chinsinsi ichi, muyenera kukumbukira mfundo zofunika khalidwe la chinthu chilichonse ndi kuwononga ake. Kachulukidwe - kuchuluka thupi, wofanana ndi chiŵerengero cha thupi kuti buku, amayezedwa g / masentimita ndi makilogalamu / mamita ^3. tanthauzo limeneli ndi bwino kuti aliyense kusukulu, ndipo akuti ichi ndi wachibale malamulo ambiri a sayansi.

luso kugwira zinthu padziko madzi, tanthauzo la mavuto madzi ndi mfundo zina zambiri, ndipo amadalira basi anatsimikiza kachulukidwe phindu. Mafuta - mankhwala kuti boma yachibadwa Chofanana mawu akuti "madzi" - yotero kuti ulamuliro onse. Ndi kusiyana machulukidwe mafuta, chifukwa zifukwa Geological ndi mbiri yakale, ndipo bwanji ena kufala digito zochokera ODP.

Chifukwa chakuti osalimba "golide wakuda" si mtengo umodzi, ndipo imasiyana malingana ndi malo a chitukuko, pali kusiyana yomasulira. Ndipo kuyambira kachulukidwe mafuta amadalira kutentha kwake, nawonso amaonanso mu ndondomeko ya kutembenuka.

Tiyeni kuwerenga

Mwachitsanzo, pamene mafuta kachulukidwe 750 makilogalamu / mamita ³ chiwerengero migolo pa tonne la:

• pa kutentha 15,60 ^{° C} - 8,34.

Pamene mafuta kachulukidwe 800 makilogalamu / mamita ³ chiwerengero migolo pa tonne adzakhala kale kukhala wolingana:

• pa kutentha 200 ^{° C} - 8,39;
• pa kutentha 200 ^{° C} - 7,86;
• pa kutentha 15,60 ^{° C} - 7,83.

Zitsanzo bwino mme- ndi kudalira chiwerengero cha migolo pa tonne wa kachulukidwe ndi kutentha kwa mafuta. Ndipo Mukaganizira kuti kachulukidwe "golide wakuda" zimasiyanasiyana ku malire zosiyanasiyana mfundo za kusiyana amene ali yofunika kwambiri, pamene ambiguity nkhani yomwe imaonekera.

Kodi matani pa mbiya ya mafuta ambiri

Kuti chithunzi cholondola, ndatopa nawo kwambiri ogaŵikana tani chikwi. Izi ntchito masamu, amene pansi pa mphamvu ya lililonse, adzakupatsani yankho lachindunji pa funso limeneli.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati mafuta kachulukidwe 750 makilogalamu / mamita ³ ndi kutentha kwake ²⁰⁰ C, ndi mbiya (monga zafotokozedwa pamwamba) ndi 8,39. Choncho, pansi pa zikhalidwe monga chiwerengero cha malankhulidwe mu mbiya adzakhala kufunika 0,00839 m.

Kodi mukhonza kuwapeza mbiya ya mafuta?

Kuti bwino kwambiri ziri ndi mphamvu ya mbiya ya mafuta, m'pofunika kuganizira chiwerengero cha mankhwala tinasonkhanitsa pa processing. Choncho azitentha:

• Mafuta - 102 L;
• diz. Mafuta - 30 L;
• ndege mafuta - 25 L;
• Fakitale mpweya - 11 L;
• mafuta coke, amene ntchito yopanga maelekitirodi ndi dzimbiri zida - 10 L;
• mafuta - 7 L;
• gasi liquefied - 5.5 L;
• Makala - 1.5 makilogalamu;
• propane - 12 zonenepa;
• galimoto mafuta - 1 L;
• makandulo sera kwa keke - 120 ma PC.

Komanso, mankhwala mafuta ndi osiyanasiyana yaikulu ntchito zosiyanasiyana osiyana. Asatayike, mapulasitiki, mafuta odzola chakudya - zonsezi ndi mbali yaing'ono chabe zina mwa zinthu zimene angathe mbiya ya mafuta.

Mapangidwe mitengo mafuta

Kodi kwambiri ndi mbiya ya mafuta? Funso limene zimadalira lero. Mtengo wa mbiya ya mafuta lero anatsimikiza ndi zifukwa zambiri, mmodzi amene ali munthu. Popeza bajeti ya zingapo limati zimadalira mtengo wa mafuta chibwenzi, voliyumu ya ulimi wake ndi katundu ali mosamalitsa ankalamulira. Oversupply mafuta pa dziko msika chifukwa kufunika otsika zidzayambitsa lawo Ndikulichepetsa mu mtengo ndi M'malo mwake, iwo adzachititsa pang'ono kufunika apamwamba, chotero, bwanji kukula kwa mitengo pa mtengo wa "golide wakuda".

Pakali pano, mtengo wa mbiya ya ndi zaka mafuta pa 110. e. Chifukwa chakuti chuma cha m'mayiko ambiri kwambiri womangidwa ku nkhokwe mafuta dziko lomwe si wopandamalire, mtengo wa "golide wakuda" adzapitiriza kukula. Kale tsopano n'zotheka umboni nkhondo asilikali, chifukwa cha zomwe ndi kukhala ndi miyala ya mchere izi.

Tikukhulupirira kuti inu muli mayankho zokwanira mogwira mtima mafunso awo.