Moto wa bezosty (udzu): kubzala ndi kusamalira

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zothandiza kwambiri pa ulimi ndi chitsime chamoto chomwe ndi chofunika kwambiri monga chakudya cha ziweto, komanso kuwonjezera nthaka, ndi nayitrojeni, yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera ku carbon dioxide yomwe imadyedwa ndi zomera kuchokera mlengalenga.

Kufotokozera

Bromine yosayenerera ndi udzu wam'mwamba kwambiri, womwe umatalika mamita imodzi ndi hafu. Tsinde ndi yosalala, wandiweyani ndi ambiri ochepa mphukira. Masamba ndi apansi, 4 mpaka 10 mm m'kati mwake, mdima wobiriwira. M'nyengo yozizira, mtundu wawo umatembenuka. Inflorescence ngati panicle, yomwe kutalika kwake ndi 15-20 masentimita, ili ndi zazikulu zazikulu kuyambira 12 mpaka 30 mm kukula. Mitengo ya m'munsi yamaluwa ya violet imakhala ndi mafilimu ambiri. Pamwamba pa tirigu ndi ovary muli ndi thickes pubescence. Nthawi yamaluwa sizitali, zimadalira nyengo ndipo imatenga masabata awiri. Poona udzu umenewu m'nyengo yamphepo, mumatha kuona momwe zimakhalira pang'onopang'ono, panicles kuwala ndi kuwala kofiira, komwe kuli kofanana ndi moto.

Mzu wa mbewuyo ndi wamphamvu kwambiri ndipo ukufika mamita awiri mozama. Chifukwa cha nthenda yotereyi, kachilomboka kamatha kulekerera chilala chilichonse, kumapatsa udzu wobiriwira ngakhale m'madera omwe kuchepa kuli kochepa. Iyenso imagonjetsedwa ndi kusefukira kwa nthawi yaitali.

Malo ogawidwa

Kawirikawiri zomera izi zimapezeka ku Ulaya, Asia Minor ndi kumpoto kwa Asia. Ku Russia kumakula pafupifupi kulikonse, kupatula ku Arctic ndi madera ena a Kum'maŵa kwa Far East. Amakula makamaka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'madziwe, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, ndi m'nkhalango zazikulu, kupanga mapulaneti oyera. Malo oyandikana nawo zomera monga meadow tiyi, oriental scurvy, bluegrass ndi ena oimira tirigu saloledwa ndi moto. Ndibwino kuti kukula kwake kukukhudzidwe ndi kufesa mu udzu zosakaniza ndi nyemba.

Chikhalidwe cha kukula

Boto lopanda pake lili m'malo odzichepetsa. Amamera m'malo omwe amawalitsidwa ndi dzuwa. Dothi limakonda kukhala ndi zakudya zambiri, zowonjezera bwino. Zimakula bwino pa loam, mchenga loam ndi nkhumba zouma zouma. Udzu wamchere ndi wosayenera. Pa iwo, moto wamoto umathamangidwanso ndi udzu. Chofunika kwambiri kuti chomera ichi chikhale chokhazikika pansi pa nthaka, pa dothi ladothi limakula m'malo movutikira. Zimakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa udzu komanso pafupi ndi madzi apansi. Panthawi yabwino, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito ndalama zingakhale zaka 20, m'malo ouma ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo sakhala oposa zaka 6.

Ngakhale moto wamoto wopanda ubongo - udzu umakhala wosasana ndi chilala, pa mpweya kutentha pamwamba pa 38 ° C, kutentha kwakukulu kumachitika. Komabe, mphepo yamkuntho imanyamula bwino kwambiri kuposa mbewu zina. Kumayambiriro kwa kukula, moto ukhoza kuwonongedwa ndi mbewu zapamwamba, koma pang'onopang'ono, zikukula, zimayamba kutulutsa zomera zambiri, kuti zithetse bwino namsongole.

Kubalanso

Chikhalidwe chimasinthidwa mothandizidwa ndi mbewu komanso vegetatively. Njira yoyamba pansi pa chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe ili ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti mbewu za udzu zimapangidwa mu chiwerengero chachikulu (mpaka 18,000 pa 1 sq. M.), gawo lochepa chabe limakula, ndipo akuluakulu amatha kufika ku umodzi.

Kutheka kwa kubereka kwa mbeu kumapezeka kokha m'chaka chachinai cha moyo. Danga limene mizu ikukula limakula pang'onopang'ono. Kuchokera ku mphukira zatsopano, zopangidwa ndi mizu yachinyamata, zomera zatsopano zimapangidwa. Chifukwa cha njira imeneyi yoberekera, moto wamoto wopanda boneless-udzu umakhala wolimba kwambiri ndipo umasinthidwa ndi zinthu zosautsa zosiyanasiyana.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira

Pa nthaka zaulimi, chomera ichi chimabzalidwa pambuyo pa mpendadzuwa, chimanga, mbatata. Ndi bwino kuchita izi m'dzinja, ngakhale kuti n'zotheka kubzala m'nyengo ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe. Mbewuyi ikupitirirabe, ndipo mbeu 7 miliyoni (makilogalamu 25 pa hekta imodzi). Pa nthaka yachonde, ndalamazo zikhoza kuchepetsedwa pang'ono kufika pa milioni 5, ndipo panthawi yosakwanira kukula - zinawonjezeka ndi 1-2 miliyoni. Mbewu ya udzu ndi yowala kwambiri, ndipo zingakhale zovuta kufesa. Ntchitoyi imathandizidwa ndi Kuwonjezera kwa granular superphosphate pamtunda wa makilogalamu 50 pa hekita imodzi. Kuzama kwa mbeu kumachokera ku masentimita 4 mpaka 5. Pambuyo kufesa, dothi lonyowa limatsekeka pang'ono.

Chofunika kwambiri pa zokolola sizomwe zimabzala udzu, komanso momwe zimadyetsedwa bwino. Kuchulukitsa kukula kwa mbeu, nitrojeni feteleza ndizothandiza kwambiri, zomwe zimayambira pachaka, pamtunda wa 50 kg pa hekitala.

M'chaka choyamba cha zomera, udzu wamtundu umafunika. Amagwiritsa ntchito katatu kapena katatu m'nyengo yachilimwe. Pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri, mukhoza kupanga zovuta zovuta, ndipo pachinayi - muli ndi discutcher.

Gwiritsani ntchito

Bafu yamtengo wapatali ndi msipu wamtengo wapatali komanso chomera chokhachokha, chomwe chingathe kubereka zipatso zokolola kwambiri. Ngakhale m'madera ouma komanso osauka, akhoza kukhala makumi asanu ndi limodzi pa hekitala. Udzu wobiriwira ndi udzu wochuluka wa azitrogeni mpaka 47%, mapiritsi - 21%, mapuloteni - 19%, mapuloteni - 16%, 9% phulusa ndi mafuta 3% ali ndi thanzi labwino. Chomera ichi chimadyedwa ndichisangalalo ndi nyama. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi monga chakudya cha ziweto, komanso kukonza nthaka m'madera omwe amatha kuthamanga, kuti ateteze malo otsetsereka.

Bobo lamoto lopanda phindu ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu izi zikhale bwino, zomwe zimatha kubwezeretsa nthaka yachonde. Amamenyana bwino ndi namsongole, kuwapondereza kwa chaka chachiwiri cha moyo wake.

Gwiritsirani ntchito boneless brome pa msipu ukulimbikitsidwa pamene mukuwona njira zina. Ndikoyenera kufesa mbewu osati kale kwambiri kusiyana ndi zaka zitatu, pamene sod imakhala yochuluka. Mpaka kufika katatu, pamene mbali yomwe ili pamwambayi imakhala yosiyana ndi masentimita 6. Kudyetsa msipu kumalo odyetserako mbewu sikuloledwa m'dzinja. Izi zikhoza kuwonetsa kuti zakudya zopanda zakudya zimakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphukira zisapangidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa zokolola ndi chakudya cha misa ndi mbewu chaka chamawa.

Chifukwa cha malo ambiri othandizira, moto wamoto umapeza ntchito yaikulu mu ulimi. Mtengo wa mbewu za chomera ichi ndi wochepa ndipo umakhala 110-120 rubles pa 1 makilogalamu.