M'mayiko miyambo Union: mndandanda

Masiku ano, mayiko ambiri ali ogwirizana mayanjano - ndale, chuma, chipembedzo ndi ena. Mmodzi wa lalikulu kwambiri inali ya mabungwe Soviet. Tsopano tikuona zikamera wa European, Eurasian ndi Customs okhaokha.

The Union Customs anali pabwino monga mawonekedwe a malonda ndi pazachuma a mayiko, limene lili ndi miyambo yofala m'dera malonda matanthauzo opindulitsa ndi kusapezeka kwa ntchito ndi zina zotero. E., komanso mfundo zingapo, malamulo malonda ndi mayiko lachitatu. Pangano limeneli anali atalembedwa 06.10.2007 mu Dushanbe, nthawi ya mapeto ake mu Union anali Russian Federation, Kazakhstan ndi Belarus.

Nkhani yoyamba pa kayendedwe ka katundu wa mgwirizanowo mwa kuderali, izi:

• Kasitomu wapatsidwa. Ndipo osati kwa katundu kupanga chake, komanso kuti katundu ochokera m'mayiko lachitatu.
• Palibe zopinga zachuma, kuwonjezera malipilo, odana ndi kukhuthula.
• M'mayiko miyambo Union ntchito wamba miyambo tariff.

M'mayiko zona ndi ofuna

Pali limati membala sadzatha wa bungwe la Miyambo amene anali oyambitsa ake kapena analowa kenako, ndipo amene chabe akufuna kulowa.

ophunzira:

• Armenia;
• Kazakhstan;
• Kyrgyzstan;
• Russia;
• Belarus.

ofuna umembala:

• Tunisia;
• Syria;
• Tajikistan.

atsogoleri TC

Panali wapadera TC Commission, amene anali ovomerezeka pa nthawi kusaina Soviet Customs. malamulo ake anali maziko a ntchito malamulo ya bungwe. Kapangidwe ntchito ndipo anakhala mu chimango mlanduwu mpaka 1 July 2012, mwachitsanzo, asanalenge ECE lapansi. Thupi wapamwamba wa ukwati pa nthawi yavlalas gulu la akuluakulu a atsogoleri a State (Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian Federation), Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbaev (Kazakhstan) ndipo dzina lake Aleksandr Grigorevich Lukashenko (Belarus)).

Atsogoleri a boma zinali ndi nduna zazikulu:

• Russia - wotchedwa Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev;
• Kazakhstan - Karim Kazhimkanovich Masimov;
• Belarus - SERGEY Sergeevich Sidorsky.

Cholinga cha Soviet Customs

Mayiko a Soviet Customs pansi cholinga chachikulu cha kupanga umodzi zolimbana thupi anatanthauza kukhazikitsa malo wamba, omwe akuphatikizapo mayiko angapo, ndipo pa malire awo anathetsa ntchito zonse pa katundu.

Cholinga chachiwiri chinali kuteteza zofuna zawo misika, mu malo oyamba - zoipa, osauka khalidwe komanso mankhwala mpikisano, kuti amalola kuti kusita kunja nsikidzi onse ogulitsa ndi dera zachuma. Nkofunika, monga kuteteza zofuna za limati awo, kutenga nkhani maganizo a anthu a Union patsogolo kwa dziko.

Phindu ndi chiyembekezo

Phindu loyamba ndi zoonekeratu kuti anthu amalonda kuti akhoza seamlessly kupanga zogula mu maiko oyandikana. Ambiri mwina, zidzakhala mabungwe akuluakulu okha ndi magulu. Koma ziyembekezo za mtsogolo, mosiyana ndi ena chuma zanyengo kuti Union Customs adzakhala zikuphatikizapo kuchepetsa mlingo wa malipiro m'mayiko nawo, msinkhu boma la Nduna za Kazakhstan, anati mpanda malipilo mu boma mu 2015.

N'chifukwa chake zimene zinachitikira mayiko a lalikulu mabungwe a zachuma sangathe zimachitika nkhaniyi. Mayiko m'gulu Soviet Customs, ngati sayembekezera kudya koma azilandira kukula musiyane zachuma.

mgwirizano

Baibulo womaliza wa Pangano pa Miyambo Code la Soviet Customs yekha anatengera pa msonkhano chakhumi, 26.10.2009. Pangano ili anatchula za kukhazikitsidwa kwa chisawawa mapanelo, umene powunika momwe ntchito kuti akhazikitse anasintha kusodza panganoli.

M'mayiko miyambo Union anali ku 01.07.2010 kuti kukonzanso malamulo ake kuthetsa kusemphana pakati pa ichi Code ndi malamulo. Choncho iwo unalengedwa gulu lina kukhudzana kuthetsa mavuto kugwirizana ndi kusiyana machitidwe dziko malamulo.

Kulinso anakonzedwa bwino mokoma onse obwera ndi gawo Cu.

M'dera la Soviet Customs

M'mayiko miyambo Union chimodzi miyambo dera lomwe anatsimikiza ndi malire a chimango, chizindikiro mgwirizanowo ndipo ali mamembala a bungwe. Customs Code, mwa zina, amasankha tsiku atapita ntchito, limene July 1, 2012. Choncho, yaikulu kwambiri gulu unakhazikitsidwa, lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zambiri ndipo anthu Choncho kwambiri mu boma lake kuti athe kulamulira njira zonse. January 1, 2012 mwalamulo anayamba ntchito zake Eurasian Commission Economic (EAEC).

EAEC

Kapangidwe ka Union Eurasian Economic zikuphatikizapo limati membala wa bungwe la Miyambo: oyambitsa - Russia, Belarus ndi Kazakhstan - ndipo limati posachedwapa anagwirizana, Kyrgyzstan ndi Armenia.

bungwe EAEC zikusonyeza onse osiyanasiyana ubale ufulu kayendedwe ka ntchito, likulu, katundu ndi ntchito. Komanso ayenera nthawi zonse achite ndondomeko yolongosoka zamalonda m'mayiko onse, ayenera kusintha kwa Common Customs tariff.

Bajeti okwana mgwirizano uwu aumbike okha basi rubles Russian kudzera zopereka gawo kuti kupanga maiko onse membala wa bungwe la Miyambo. kukula ndi Lamulo bungwe wapamwamba, chomwe ndi atsogoleri a limati izi.

The chinenero ntchito kwa malamulo a zikalata zonse anali Russian, ndipo likulu adzakhala ili mu Moscow. EAEC ndalama yang'anira - mu Alma-Ata, ndi bwalo - mu likulu la Belarus, Minsk.

mitembo Union

Mwapamwamba bungwe lolamulira ndi bungwe Kumwambamwamba, chomwe ndi atsogoleri a States Zisangalalo.

Kenako Bungwe Intergovernmental. Amakhala ndi atumiki pachimake, ntchito yaikulu imene ndiyo kulingalira mavuto njira ya pazachuma.

Pali umboni ndi ulamuliro milandu amene ali ndi udindo ntchito zosiyanasiyana mu chimango cha Union.

The Commission Eurasian Economic (EEC) - thupi zolimbana kuti amatipatsa zinthu zonse chitukuko ndi kugwira ntchito kwa Union, komanso kakulidwe ka maganizo atsopano mu dera zachuma mwachibale kwa mtundu EAEC. Iwo wapangidwa ndi Atumiki a Commission (wachiwiri yaikulu Atumiki a Union Member States) ndi wapampando.

The chakudya yaikulu ya EAEC Pangano

Kumene, poyerekeza ndi TS EAEC osati lili ndi mphamvu kwambiri, komanso mndandanda kwambiri ochulukirapo mosabisa ntchito zomwe zinakonzedwa. chikalata ichi alibe mapulani aliyense akukhudzidwira ndi wapadera ntchito gulu, amene osati kuwunika kukhazikitsa, komanso kulamulira zochita zake lonse limanenedwa njira ya kukhazikitsa ndi cholinga aliyense ntchito yapadera.

Mu mgwirizano chifukwa mayiko a Soviet Customs, ndipo tsopano EAEC, wotetezedwa mgwirizano pa ntchito yolongosoka ndi chilengedwe cha msika mphamvu wamba. Ntchito pa mfundo mphamvu ya ukulu chokwanila kudzachitika mu magawo mpaka 2025.

Malamulo chikalata ndi kulenga msika wamba zipangizo zachipatala ndi mankhwala January 1, 2016.

zofunika kwambiri wapatsidwa kunyamula mfundo m'gawo la mayiko EAEC, popanda zomwe izo sizidzakhala n'zotheka kulenga limodzi olowa ndondomeko ya ntchito. Iwo envisages chitukuko cha ndondomeko coherent ulimi, womwenso mapangidwe kuvomerezedwa miyeso Chowona Zanyama ndi phytosanitary.

Mgwirizano mfundo zazikulu za citukuko amapereka mwayi zenizeni za mapulani onse anaima ndi dongosolo. Izi zikachitika, anakamba mfundo za mgwirizano ndi kuonetsetsa kukula bwino maiko.

A malo apadera wotanganidwa ndi msika chonse ntchito, amene nthawi osati ufulu kayendedwe ka ntchito, komanso zikhalidwe zomwezo ntchito. Nzika kupita pa zasungidwa mu maiko EAEC, sitiyenera tsopano kudzaza khadi kusamuka (mu nkhani ngati kukhala awo alibe upambana masiku 30). Yemweyo dongosolo chosavuta ntchito ndi zaumoyo. Chimakhudzanso katundu wa penshoni ndi mkulu kusanja, umene wakhala anasonkhanitsa m'dziko nawo za Union.

malingaliro katswiri

Mndandanda wa mayiko a Soviet Customs posachedwapa umatha kwambiri States, koma akatswiri amanena kuti unali kuoneka kukula yoyenera ndi chikoka pa kugwirizana kumadzulo mofanana ndi mtundu EU (EU) kumafuna ntchito ndi kukula kwa gulu. Mulimonsemo, ndi ruble sangakhale njira ina yuro kapena dola kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi mmene ziletso posachedwapa anasonyeza bwanji akhoza kuthamanga ndondomeko Western mokomera kuchita zofuna zawo, ndiponso kuti mu nkhani iyi ngakhale Russian kapena Union lonse kwenikweni ndi kanthu kochita ndi izo . Koma makamaka Kazakhstan ndi Belarus, nkhondo ku Ukraine zasonyeza kuti iwo sudzapereka mapindu zawo mokomera Russia. Tenge, ndi njira, nayenso, wagwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kugwa kwa ruble lapansi. Ndipo m'madera ambiri, Russia akanali mpikisano waukulu Kazakhstan ndi Belarus. Komabe, pa nthawi ya kulengedwa kwa Union ndi okwanira ndi njira yokhayo Kuti mwanjira kulimbitsa ubale pakati limati mu mwambo kuthamanga zina Western pa Russia.

Tsopano ife tikudziwa mayiko ku Soviet Miyambo ndi chidwi ndi chilengedwe chake. Ngakhale kuti pa siteji ya penipeni, izo zonse anathamangitsa mitundu yonse ya mavuto, olowa yolongosoka zochita za mamembala onse a Union n'zotheka kuti mwamsanga kuthana nawo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zinthu zidzakhala bwino m'tsogolo ndi chiyembekezo cha chitukuko othamanga wa chuma m'mayiko onse nawo pangano limeneli.