Alpha-blockers: kufotokozera ndi kugawa

Chifukwa cha kufufuza kwa sayansi m'minda ya mankhwala, zotsatira za mankhwala, kumasulidwa kwa mankhwala opambana kwambiri masiku ano akuphunziridwa mosalekeza. Koma pali mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amakhalabe ofunikira kwa zaka zambiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo alpha-blockers.

Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchipatala matenda oopsa, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso matenda angapo a urological, mwachitsanzo, matenda aakulu a prostatitis ndi khansa ya benign prostatic.

Mbiri yakupeza

Kupezeka kwa alpha-blockers mu mankhwala a Russian kunapangidwa mu 1976. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo iwo ankawoneka ngati ogwira ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Koma kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo sikuli koyenera nthawi zonse chifukwa cha zotsatira zambiri. Imodzi mwa mankhwala oyambirira a gulu lino ndi Prazozin. Komanso, kumasulidwa kwa zigawo zina za alpha, monga Doxasosin ndi Terarazine, zinakhazikitsidwa. Zonsezi, komanso Prazozin, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda oopsa, koma zimasiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika nthawi yaitali.

Koma alpha-blockers amasiyana mofanana, malo komanso ntchito. Mankhwalawa adzaperekedwa pansipa.

Mitundu

Adrenoreceptors amagawidwa m'magulu awiri a subspecies:

• Alfa-1 receptors omwe ali pamtunda pamwamba pa memphane ya postsynaptic ya neuron, yomwe imakhala ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ma catecholamines kuti zithetse mayendedwe ena kapena maselo ofunika, kuphatikizapo maselo ena. Zotsatira za zochitika za zoterezi ndizoti vasoconstriction.
• Mapulogalamu a alpha-2, omwe ali pamwamba pa memphane ya neuron, amachititsa kuti norepinephrine ipangidwe mwachinthu cholakwika, motero kuchepetsa kupanga norepinephrine yomwe imapezeka mu synaptic cleft.

Kutsekedwa kwa al-1-receptors ya mitsempha yosalala ya minofu kumathetsa vasoconstriction, opweteka ndi makatachi. Pachifukwachi, al-2-receptors omwe ali pa memphane ya presynaptic ya neuron saloledwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali umphumphu wa mayankho omwe amachititsa kutulutsa norepinephrine.

Kusankha 1 (adrenoblockers) ndi otsutsana ndi mapuloteni apamtima. Mankhwala oterewa amachotsa ntchito zowonjezera chifukwa cha zotsatira za ma catecholamines zomwe zimapezeka komanso kumasulidwa ndi neurons.

Ntchito

Kuphatikiza pa zotsatira zowonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi, alpha-blockers (mankhwala omwe ali pansipa) ali ndi ntchito zina. Izi ndi zotsatira za kuchiza mtima, zamagetsi, ndi zapadera. Scientifically proven high efficacy mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa gulu lino pakuchiza kusintha kwa myocardium, kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake, komwe kumakhudza mapuloteni a prostate.

Extracardiac

• Kulimbikitsidwa kwa ntchito ya impso.
• Kuyera kwa bronchi.
• Kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi lanu lokhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Alpha-blockers amathandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa chilakolako ndi kufooka kwa kusowa mphamvu.

Katemera

• Kuchepetsa matenda a myocardial hypertrophy.
• Sinthani kuyima kwa mtima.

Mosamala chifukwa cha zotsatira zoipa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mtima kulephera ndi angina.

Zamagetsi

• Pewani chiopsezo chokhala ndi cholesteric.
• Pezani mlingo wa shuga (insulini) m'magazi.

Monga tanenera kale, alpha-blockers nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda a prostate mwa amuna.

Amuna omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 50 nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda amtundu uwu, malo oyamba omwe ali prostatitis ndi prostate adenoma.

Matendawa amakhudza kwambiri moyo wa munthu. Nthawi zambiri vuto la kukodza, kusasangalatsa, kuperewera kwapang'onopang'ono kumakhala ndi mavuto ena kwa amuna a msinkhu uliwonse. Kuonjezera apo, matenda omwe ali pamwambawa akuwoneka kuti akukula mwamsanga. Kawirikawiri popanda popanda opaleshoni. Kuti athetse vutoli, matendawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, a-blockers, inhibitors a 5-alpha-reductase amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ndondomeko ya chithandizo cha inhibitors

Kuchuluka kwa minofu ya prostate gland imayambitsidwa makamaka ndi mahomoni. Steroid 5-alpha-reductase imalimbikitsa kutembenuka kwa testosterone ya hormone kukhala dihydrotestosterone mu prostate cavity. Otsatirawo amayamba kulumikizana ndi phwando la nyukiliya ndirosikiti mu prostate ndipo amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha paracrine chikhale chochuluka, amakhalanso ndi prostate. Alfa-blockers inhibitors a 5-alpha-reductase amatha kuthandiza pa izi.

Kuchulukitsa kwambiri mankhwala a dihydrotestosterone kumayambitsa matenda oopsa, monga khansa ya benign prostate, mapuloteni a zamoyo, ndi matenda ena opweteka a prostate. Panthawi imeneyi, 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Matenda awo amachititsa kuti magazi asamachepetsedwe, zomwe zimachepetsanso mlingo wa dihydrotestosterone, womwe umapangitsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa prostate.

Mankhwala otchuka kwambiri a gulu ili ndi Finasteride ndi Dutasteride. Iwo ali ndi zotsatira zochiritsira zofanana, zimasiyana pa nthawi ya chiwonetsero ndi dongosolo la kayendedwe.

Blockers inhibitors ya 5-alpha-reductase ingagulidwe pa pharmacy pa mankhwala.

Koma ngakhale zili bwino kwambiri, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala osati nthawi zonse chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mawonetseredwe oipa ndi zotsutsana.

Zotsatira zoyipa za kuvomereza

• Mutagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pofuna kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, pali kuthekera kwa hypotension.
• Nausea, mutu, chizungulire.
• Kuthamanga kwa mtima, kupuma pang'ono.
• Kupweteka kwa minofu, kufooka.
• Kutha nthawi.
• Kusungunuka kwa magetsi, kutupa.
• Ululu m'mimba ndi m'matumbo.
• Kuvuta kupuma kudzera mu mphuno, ludzu.
• Kawirikawiri mu theka la chiwerengero cha akazi pali chikoka cha chikhodzodzo, kawirikawiri chikhumbo chokodza.

Choncho, alpha-beta-blockers ayenera kutengedwa mosamala.

Imodzi mwa zotsatira zoopsa kwambiri ndi kupuma kwa hypotension, zomwe zingathe kupezeka kale ndi mlingo umodzi wa mankhwala. Zizindikiro zake zoyamba zimawonekera pambuyo pa theka la ora kapena ora atatha kumwa mankhwala. Zambiri zimakhudza "Prazozin". Pofuna kupewa njirayi, nkofunika kuika mankhwalawa molingana ndi kukula kwa zakudya komanso makamaka usiku.

Malingana ndi zotsatirazi zapamwambazi, alpha-blockers amalembedwa kuphatikiza ndi diuretics pofuna kupewa kuteteza madzi ndi anesthetics kuti athetse zizindikiro zowawa.

Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chithandizo chodziimira, komanso panthawi imodzimodzi ndi mankhwala ena ochizira matenda osiyanasiyana.

Matenda

Matenda angapo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito alpha-blockers:

• Polimbana ndi matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ovuta, ngati njira yothetsera vutoli.
• Kupanga mafinya mu prostate gland.
• Matenda a shuga.
• Pheochromocytoma.
• Matenda osokoneza bongo mu prostate gland.

Contraindications

Kodi ndizifukwa ziti zomwe sizinalembedwe kuti alpha ndi beta blockers?

Mfundo zotsutsana ndi kumwa mankhwala ndi:

• Kutsika kwa magazi;
• Kutaya madzi m'thupi;
• Thandizo pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala odzola;
• Ziphuphu zosiyanasiyana za mtima;
• Kulephera mtima kwa mtima;
• Mphutsi yamphongo;
• Kusokonezeka kwa mtima.

Musamapereke mankhwala a mtundu uwu pamene mukunyamula mwanayo komanso nthawi yopuma, popeza palibe maphunziro enieni a ma laboratory pankhaniyi.

Alpha-blockers mu adenoma

Mankhwala aakulu a gulu ili ogwiritsira ntchito adenoma:

• "Uroksataral."
• "Cardura."
• "Gitrin".
• Rapaplo.
• Flomax.

Maziko a mankhwalawa ndi alpha-blockers. Mndandanda ukupitirira.

Njira yogwirira ntchito

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala oterewa polimbana ndi adenoma ndi ophweka, imathandiza kuchepetsa minofu ya prostate ndi chikhodzodzo, motero zimathandizira kuti mutseke.

Lembani mankhwala oterewa ndi mankhwala opatsirana ndi mlingo umodzi, kutengedwa kamodzi kapena kawiri patsiku.

Perekani mankhwala kwa magulu a odwala omwe ali ndi matenda akuluakulu, omwe amavutika kukodza, komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo alibe mphamvu.

Chithandizo chachikulu cha mankhwala chimayamba kuonekera patatha sabata imodzi ya kumwa mankhwala. Pambuyo masiku 14-21, pali chithandizo chachikulu cha mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.

Malangizo apadera

Kuti athandizidwe kwambiri, alpha-blockers ndi 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors amachotsedwa pawiri. Deta pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapepala awiriwa zimapezeka chifukwa cha maphunziro a zachipatala.

Sikovomerezeka kuti mugwirizane ndi mankhwala omwe tatchulidwawo ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala owonjezera omwe alibe mphamvu. Zingathandize kuchepetsa zotsatira zochizira za blockers, zomwe ziri zosayenera. Zotsatira zake zikhoza kukhala lakuthwa kwa magazi.

Chotsatira china choipa cha kutenga alpha blockers kuti chithandizo cha matenda ozunguza bongo chikhoza kumangika mu chikhodzodzo. Izi sizimayambitsa mavuto aakulu pa thanzi lathunthu.

Pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a gululi pofuna kuteteza adenoma, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena kuti achepetse kuthamanga kwa magazi. Povomerezedwa ngati chinthu chovuta kuchiza, iwo sangakhale othandiza pochiza matenda oopsa.

Kwa odwala omwe sagwidwa ndi matenda oopsa omwe amakhala nawo polimbana ndi kusintha kwa prostate gland ya alpha-blockers, ndibwino kuti nthawi zonse tiwone momwe mlingo wa magazi umayendera.

Kusamala kwa kumwa mankhwala

• Mankhwala omwe ali ndi alpha blockers ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha cholinga cha dokotala yemwe akupezekapo. Dokotala ayenera kudziwa mlingo, nthawi ya phwando.
• Chithandizo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oterowo chiyenera kuchitika motsogoleredwa ndi dokotala kapena mkati mwa makoma a chipatala.
• Ngati zotsatira zake zimachitika, samani kumwa mankhwala ndi kukaonana ndi dokotala.
• Musasinthe mlingo kuti muwonjezere nokha.
• Kuloledwa kwa mankhwala ena nthawi yomweyo ndi al-blockers ayenera kuvomerezedwa ndi dokotala yemwe akupezekapo.
• Musagwiritse ntchito alpha-blockers ngati chithandizo chodzidzimutsa cha matenda oopsa kwambiri popanda kufunsa dokotala.
• Musamamwe mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mankhwala osweka, kuwonongeka kwa chipolopolo cholimba cha mapiritsi.
• Pezani mankhwala okhawo m'ma pharmacies ovomerezeka.
• Mukamamwa mankhwala a gulu lomwe tatchulidwapo, nthawi zonse usana ndi asanagone, yesani mlingo wa magazi.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi nthawi yomwe uli ndi pakati ayenera kuvomerezedwa ndi dokotala.

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti kuwonjezera pa mankhwalawa kungayambitse zotsatira zoipa.