Miyambo ndi ku Central Asia, chikhalidwe, zikondwerero wowerengeka

Miyambo ndi a ku Central Asia ndi mizu yaitali kwambiri akubwerera zaka. Ndi pamaso panu kukhudza amanena, muyenera kulipira ena chidwi cholowa zakale zomwe ali kukaperekedwa kwa ana yamakono ya limati wakale wa Central Asia.

Cholowa mbiri ya deralo

Central Asia wapanga amathandiza kwambiri kuti ntchito zaluso, sayansi, zomangamanga ndi mabuku a dziko lonse chitukuko wasiya chizindikiro kukoma pa mbiri yathu wamba. Kale amisiri aluso ndi akapolo pano zinamangidwa zosaneneka mu kukongola ndi zomangamanga ake zachifumu, akachisi, kuyanga mizinda ndi midzi, ambiri a lero lino ndi zokongoletsa za dziko zomangamanga zakale. Makhalidwe, tsogolo mbiri, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya ku Central Asia zafotokozedwa m'nkhani.

XIII-XIV zaka. ku Central Asia umaonekera pamene nthawi yomanga nyumba zachifumu kwambiri ndi mausoleums zimene zimakhudza Kugwirizana kwake, chokongoletsedwa ndi, dongosolo yowala wokongola. Ambiri a manda ya nyengo amene anabwera pamaso pathu. Ena mwa iwo ndi wapadera Registan Square, ndiye kuchimake kwa Samarkand; wokongola Bibi-Khanum; kuikidwa m'chipinda chotetezeka Gur-i-amir, amene isiyana ndi ena ndi miyala ya nofeki ake mzikiti zachilendo.

Amisiri kale mu zaka XV-XVII. anamangapo pa khwalala la Samarkand maofesi monga Ulugbek, Tilla-Kari ndi Schir Dori ( "kumanga ndi mkango"). Mbiri ya zomangamanga ku Central Asia - umboni bwino chakuti ndi anthu yakhala mlengi wa zipilala za uzimu ndi chikhalidwe chuma m'mayiko amenewa.

1220 anali anthu a ku Central Asia, ndi zomvetsa chisoni - Mongol kuwukira anayamba. khamu Genghis Khan anali anawononga midzi ukukula ndi m'midzi, kuwonongedwa zipilala wakale wa zomangamanga ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu awa. Kwa zaka zambiri, ankhondowo anachisunga m'gawo limeneli, ndipo, ndithudi, miyambo ndi a ku Central Asia nawonso anakopeka kwambiri, wasiya chizindikiro chake kukoma kuti Tingaone ngakhale lero. Komanso, kuda zosiyanasiyana za nkhondo Mongol ndi zonse pafupifupi Asia yachilendo.

banja

Banja ndi banja mfundo ndi anthu ofunika kwambiri a ku Central Asia. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa ana. Zilankhulo za anthu a m'mayiko amenewa muli aphorisms zambiri zoyenera ana: "A mwana misewu, ngati mtima," "Apo sipadzakhala chimwemwe m'banja popanda mwana", "Native mwana - kunyumba yokongola", etc ...

Banja lililonse ndi chimwemwe chachikulu ndi sizikakutherani amaona kubadwa kwa mwana. mwambo wosangalatsa umenewu ndi mwambo wa makolo. Malinga ndi mwambo Likulengeza zingapo zabwino kukhala pa akavalo (ngati zonse zikuchitika mudzi) ndi akutsatiridwa m'misewu, olalikira uthenga wosangalatsa wa kubadwa kwa mwana ABALE, OYANDIKANA NAWO, mabwenzi ndi anthu achinansi, amene kwa iwo osiyanasiyana uyu wa mphatso, ndiponso nsembe, kufotokoza bwino kutsanzikana kulankhula "Tiyeni mbewu yako kuchulukitsa ku mibadwomibadwo", "Tikufuna inu kuti umboni ukwati wa ana," etc ...

Mabanja mu East ndimachita wolemekezeka chifukwa conservatism ake. Traditional ku Central Asia banja ndi gulu mwachilungamo lalikulu la anthu, muli bambo, mkazi wake, ana awo, akazi awo, ana ndi zina adzukulu, kukhalira pamodzi m'nyumba imodzi. Amadziwika kuti mapiri Tajikistan mu XIX atumwi, anakumana ndi banja la anthu oposa zana. Similar banja lalikulu, Ndipotu, gulu ndi ziwembu zawo m'dziko ndi mfundo ya "zonse ndalama moponya ambiri." Ngakhale chakudya ankadya ndi mabanja awo pamodzi: onse, aang'ono ndi aakulu, anasonkhana pa tebulo lina. Ayuda amenewa amakhala amphamvu kwambiri ndiponso ogwirizana. Pa nthawi asapita bolshesemeynye akhala zotsalira za m'mbuyomu, ngakhale kuti anali adakali mu zaka za m'ma zapitazi, ethnographers amanena kuti bambo ake kusiya banja kunyumba mwana ndi makonzedwe a ngodya zawo ankaona chipongwe kwambiri.

Anthu woyendayendawu a m'dera imatchedwanso za mfundo banja lalikulu, ngakhale kuno anthu ake kukhala Nyumba Zoyenda Nazo osiyana, koma ndi "makolo" yurt anaima ndi enawo.

Kumapeto kwa XX m'ma chapakati ku Asia banja kakusintha kusintha zinthu zina. Apa ana woyamba m'banja ndi kale iwo akanakhoza, iwo amati, kupita mkate free, kulenga moto anu. Only mwana wamng'ono, anatengera munda wonse kwa makolo anali kutsalira awathandiza mu ukalamba. Mfundo imeneyi, poyamba, n'kofunika kwambiri kuti ambiri a mitundu, kuphatikizapo anthu a Caucasus.

Ukwati ku Central Asia

Mu mabanja Central Asia pali mitundu iwiri ya mabanja. Malinga ndi mtundu woyamba (exogamous) Mnyamata kapena mtsikana zoletsedwa kukwatiwa ndi achibale pa mbali makolo mbadwo 7. chitsanzo ichi amakhala ndi kumanga mabanja Karakalpak, Chikazaki ndi mbali Chikigizi. mtundu wina wa yomanga Maukwati (endogamous), pamene ana kukwatiwa pafupi ndi abale ndi kutali, amatanthauza Chitekimeni, Tajiks ndi Uzbeks. Ngakhale Dziwani kuti miyambo asapita intra- akhala akukonza ena kusintha chifukwa cha zonse nkhondo, kusokonekera ndipo resettlement malo. Zimenezi ndi zoona makamaka kwa anthu Chitekimeni, omwe angagwe ngati mabanja exogamous ndi endogamous.

Ngakhale kusiyana mfundo za ukwati, chimodzi mwa zifukwa zake yakuti mkwati ali kulipira banja mkwatibwi mtengo Mkwatibwi. Masiku ano, kawirikawiri ndi zina ndalama, koma midzi akadali anasunga miyambo ya kulanda angapo ng'ombe malowolo. bachelorette maphwando, nayenso, malingana ndi mwambo ayenera kukonzekera malowolo, kawirikawiri ongokhala zovala ndi katundu wa m'nyumba, ndi wongosamukasamuka pamaso malowolo kwenikweni zikuphatikizapo ngakhale yurt.

Mu anthu woyendayendawu unali levvirata mwambo imakhala chakuti mkazi wamasiye anayenera kukwatira mbale wa mkazi womwalirayo. Ichi chidachitika pa zifukwa zachuma - katundu cha munthu wakufa, anatengera mkazi wake, ayenera akhalabe banja lake. Kwa amayi, mawonekedwe a ukwati pa nthawi ngati tsoka ndi.

Ndithudi, inu anamva za miyambo imeneyi chachikale chinkawavuta, monga "kama wa ukwati" pamene makolo analowa mu mgwirizano wa ukwati wa ana awo pamene iwo anali adakali wakhanda, ndipo ukwati kuba.

maholide

Maholide anthu a ku Central Asia amaphatikiza osati miyambo zofunika, komanso zosiyanasiyana masewera, zosangalatsa mipikisano (lomwe, ndi njira, anawonetseredwa yapakati-Fuko kupikisana), zisudzo za zisudzo, olemba ndakatulo ndi oimba. Kwambiri akulemekezedwa ndi wakale madyerero a anthu a ku Central Asia ndi Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Fitr, Nowruz.

alendo kum'mawa mu ku Central Asia

Ngakhale anthu amene sanapite ku mayiko a ku Central Asia, mwina ndi lingaliro la alendo kalelo. The mwini nyumba sadzasiya njala mlendo, ngakhale iye adzapita mphindi zisanu zokha. Tebulo ndi kuonetsetsa kuti alimbane ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za nyama, maswiti, anatumikira tiyi wokoma.

Olemba mbiri ena amati mwambo wa alendo ku Central Asia anayambitsa ndi wina kuposa Genghis Khan, pansi amene ulamuliro anali pafupifupi onse Asia yachilendo. Kuti yake inali nyumba iliyonse alendo wofunafuna nyumba, ayenera kumwedwa ndi wapadera ulemu, waubwenzi ndi ulemu, ngakhale alendo - mlendo kwathunthu. Pankhani ya kuphwanya malangizo amenewa mwini yovuta ndimayembekezera tsoka yoopsa: izo mwamphamvu womangidwa ndi akavalo awiri yasintha, amene amaloledwa mu madera osiyana.

Mwina pa cifukwa ichi, bwino, umene posachedwapa anakhala osati boma, ndipo malamulo ku Central Asia ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri pa chikhalidwe. Kukana eni malo ogona ndikanakhoza kokha pamene mlendo ankachitira mwamwano.

Dziwani miyambo imeneyi kwalekeka penapake lero, koma anapulumuka.

Mabanja

The kugwirizana pakati pa anthu a ku Central Asia nthawizonse zakhala kwambiri. Chifukwa umembala wa dzina makamaka ayenera kuthandiza anthu, "awo", ngakhale chinachake wachibale cholakwika. Sizachilendo apa ndiye kuti anthu amene anatenga malo apamwamba, tikukhala yekha ndi abale ake.

Tribal zikulumikizana mbali yofunika kwambiri mu moyo wa aliyense wokhala Central Asia. Pali chizolowezi kwa azungu ambiri zingaoneke m'malo chachilendo ndi osalemetsa: paulendo wake wobwerera ku kutali munthu ayenera kubweretsa mphatso kwa achibale ake onse, zomwe zina chifukwa cha mayina oposa zana. Ambiri, tiyenera kuona kuti ku Central Asia sapita kuchoka chimanjamanja.

Kulemekeza akulu

mwambo Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito ya yense wokhala ku Central Asia dera, kuyambira nthawi yakale. Kulemekeza okalamba ayenera kumwedwa, ngakhale zaka zosiyana ndi zaka zochepa. Junior ali kukwaniritsa chilakolako achikulire, ngati yotsirizira akufunsa iye penapake kupita, chinachake kubweretsa kapena kanthu m'malo. Kukana chosayenera. Pamaso pa anthu onse mkulu ayenera kulankhula ndi chipsinjo. Choncho, mlendo n'zosavuta kudziwa kwambiri mu gulu la anthu. Ndiyamika wolowezana wa m'badwo anakhalabe chilango okhwima pa msonkhano yodzaza: kumvetsera akuluakulu popanda kum'dula, itagwa mipando yabwino.

ana ambiri

ana ambiri ndi chizindikiro cha anthu ku Central Asia. Banja akhoza kukhala ana 5-7 kapena kuposa. Kawirikawiri nthawi imene banja lina kumabweretsa oposa 10 mbewu. Kukhala ndi ana ambiri - ndi tenet wakale ku Central Asia. Ubale pakati pa ana amakhala ofunda kwambiri, okalamba ndi wokonzeka kuthandiza wamng'ono. Alipidwa n'chakuti ana PALI m'banda ntchito.

akazi East

Akazi ku Central Asia nthawi zonse analemba kufunika sekondale. Zambiri izi chifukwa zikamera wa chipembedzo chatsopano pano. Islam chikukulamulirani akazi kutenga chabe udindo wamng'ono. Pamisonkhano onse, kaya maholide kapena kukumbukira, akazi pachikhalidwe kupuma kwa bwalo lake. Kachiwiri, monga oterewa achipembedzo, munthu zoletsedwa kugwira ntchito akazi (monga amadziwika, pafupifupi ntchito zonse zapakhomo). Choncho, akazi a East nthawi zonse ntchito kwambiri.

Lero, vuto la amai ndi abambo pa anthu, makamaka m'madera a m'tauni, pafupifupi mwakufuna. Ngakhale mabanja zambiri zamakono chikuoneka bwinobwino ndi ulamuliro wa amuna.

Zigawo a ku Central Asia

Dera la ku Central Asia, akubweretsa pamodzi m'mayiko ambiri. Pakati pawo ndi Republic of Kazakhstan, dziko la Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan ndi Republic of Tajikistan. Central Asia lili ndi anthu anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 70. miyambo ndi awo kwakukulukulu chimodzimodzi, koma pali zambiri kusiyana.

Choncho, Tajikistan, miyambo imene palokha ndi chidwi ndithu, amadziwika chodabwitsa ukwati. Chitajiki ukwati zikuchitika monga mmene 7 masiku. The choyamba ndi mkwati ndi mkwatibwi kulengeza kwa onse mlandu kukwatira. Mabanja onse awiri nayenso kukonza miyambo, kupitiriza kwa masiku atatu.

Ndipo Uzbekistan (makamaka ku midzi) lero ena a nyumba za muli ndi mwambo umene akazi ndi amuna analamula kukhala pa matebulo osiyanasiyana. Komanso pa kufika pa nyumba ya alendo mwamantha mipando awo, alendo ambiri wolemekezeka alandire malo kwambiri kuchoka pakhomo.

Turkmenistan - kwambiri chatsekedwa boma la Asian onse Central. Pali kovuta kuti ndikafike uko, posachedwapa m'dziko lino panali ufulu Intaneti, komabe ambiri chuma odziwika (monga Facebook ndi Twitter) akadali atsekedwa. N'zovuta kunena mmene anthu amakhala Turkmenistan. Ambiri alendo mwaphamphu kuyerekeza dziko lino ndi Korea North. Dziwani kuti mfundo Chisilamu pano, komanso m'mayiko ena a ku Central Asia si amphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, akazi okwatiwa mukhoza osati kuphimba nkhope yake ndi kampango, ngati ili bwinobwino imakhudzanso banja lake.

Chapakati ku Asia chikhalidwe ndi chuma chambiri. Kuyambira kale, tinkakhala ndi ntchito kuno odziwika andakatulo, olemba, publicists ndi oimba. Makamaka chionekera chikhalidwe cha Kazakhstan. Anthu ambiri sadziwa kuti poyamba Chikazaki filimu "Amangeldy" inajambulidwa mu 1939. Modern mafilimu a kanema a dziko anatipatsa ngati odziwika ndi anazindikira mwa tepi monga "Nomad" ndi "Mongol". Chikazaki chikhalidwe ndi zolemera kwenikweni ndi zikuphatikizapo zinthu zambiri ed, songs, ntchito zolembalemba, amene amakonda ndi kuzindikira lonse pambuyo Soviet danga ndi kupitirira.

The Republic of Kyrgyzstan kuyambira nthawi akale odziŵika kuluka makalapeti. The muofesiyo pano - ndiponso, mbali yaikulu ya mkati ndi umboni wa mbiri yakale wa dziko. Popeza makalipeti Chikigizi anapangidwa wa nkhosa, iwo ali m'malo wosayankhula, koma osati nsalu.

Chikigizi dziko kavalidwe wakhala pafupifupi zikutsatiridwa kwa zaka 700, makamaka ku madera a kumidzi. Choona chidwi ndi zovala wosakwatiwa atsikana zambiri chokongoletsedwa ndi chodabwitsa kwambiri kuposa akazi okwatiwa. Kumene, m'mizinda kawirikawiri aliyense angaone kavalidwe anali m'malo ndi European suti muyezo.

kuteteza miyambo

The Chikhalidwe cha anthu a ku Central Asia nacho ambiri sukulu inkayenda waluso ndi luso wamkulu, kwa zaka zambiri kuchokera mibadwomibadwo. Pali ofala pedagogical ndondomeko, amatchedwa "Ustoz-shogird" kutanthauza "mbuye-kuphunzira". Amadziwika kuti mnyamata ayenera kukhala ndi mphunzitsi nthawi yokwanira, kumene kungakhale zaka zambiri, kuti akalandire madalitso ntchito yake luso. Zikomo malamulo okhazikika bwino za kulanda luso kuchokera kwa aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira, miyambo olemera ndi zodabwitsa ndi miyambo ya ku Central Asia, ambiri a iwo akupezeka masiku ano, ndipo izi amadziwika kuti ndi guarantor pachuma ndi kuteteza chizindikiro cha mtundu uliwonse ndi dziko lililonse.