Mitundu ya mapu chiyani?

Pamaso tikukamba za kodi mitundu ya mapu, m'pofunika kudziwa tanthauzo la mawu. Map - chizindikiro zojambula za dziko lapansili pa ndege. Ntchito yomanga ake amaganizira kupindika padziko lapansi, chikhalidwe. Akhoza ankayimiridwa ngati zigawo malo aang'ono, ndipo padziko lonse lapansili. Izi zimamupatsa mwayi kuona zimene kukula, mawonekedwe ndi malo ake zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Komanso mothandizidwa ndi makadi akhoza kumatanthauza mtunda, malo okwera a padziko lapansi pamwamba pa nyanja. Mwachitsanzo, mapu a dziko chimasonyeza dongosolo thupi zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi, kutenga nkhani ubwenzi wawo, makhalidwe awo enieni kachulukidwe ndi Mkhalidwe.

Pali classifications zingapo zipangizo kutchulidwa. Mwachitsanzo, pa muyezo wa mitundu zotsatirazi mapu: a zikuluzikulu, sing'anga-ang'ono ndi ang'ono-ang'ono. mamba osiyana kulola mappers malo pa intaneti wa munthu ndi fano dera limodzi la padziko lapansi la kukula osiyana. Knowledge lonse zimathandiza kudziwa mtunda pakati pa chifaniziro cha chinthu ndi kuwerengetsera yosavuta.

Palinso mitundu ngati mapu, onse ambiri ndi thematic. Ngati woyamba anaikira chifanizo cha zinthu zina zachilengedwe, ndiye ntchito yachiwiri ali mmphepete lonse. Iwo agawidwa mu mitundu iwiri chachikulu: thupi madera, woimiridwa ndi alili ndipo ikusonyeza khalidwe la zinthu nyengo m'deralo, ndipo umoyo ndi zachuma. Mtundu lachiwiri la mapu thematic monga siyana kwambiri, zomwe akusiyana poyamba anasonyeza zambiri. khadi Izi zikhoza kukhala chuma, sayansi, anthu, chuma, chikhalidwe, maphunziro, umoyo ndi zina zotero.

Tiyenera amatchulanso chitukuko, woimiridwa ndi mndandanda wa magawo zachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe. Izi mitundu ya mapu ndi chifukwa cha kubwera kwa chaka kukula chidwi anthu chilengedwe, chikoka cha munthu pa chikhalidwe. Mtundu akhoza zimachitika zomangamanga enieni agro-nyengo zachilengedwe mapu ziyenera ndi ena.

mapu Geographical ali anagawa malinga ndi cholinga chawo. Zimakhala maphunziro, maumboni, navigation ndi ena. Iwo akhoza kusiyana ndi malo amene iwo kuphimba: mapu a dziko, m'maiko, mbali ya dziko, m'madera ena, mayiko, mayunitsi ang'onoang'ono a boma ndi zina zotero.

mapu Geographical akhale apadera kwambiri, ndipo monga osiyanasiyana nkhani. Mwachitsanzo, mapu kusonyeza mbali nyengo akhoza ankayimiridwa ngati chizindikiro umodzi (mwachitsanzo, kutentha pafupifupi, chinyezi, mvula ndi zina zotero) ndi zambiri. Choncho yoyamba zipangizo otchedwa mseri (payekha nyengo khadi), ndipo chachiwiri - nawo (khadi wamba nyengo).